Personal Health -- Ch. 6: Manage Stress

The physiological impact of excessive stress on the body includes which of the following?

damage to the cardiovascular system damage to the nervous and endocrine systems increased risk of disorders and disease

Sitting in a comfortable position with a straight spine, Chelsea begins to breathe using the full capacity of her lungs. With a complete exhalation and slower breathing rate than normal, she is practicing

deep breathing

Which of the following are psychosocial factors associated with increased stress for the lower class?

discrimination poor housing conditions limited access to health care

Stressors that deplete energy and cause a decline in performance or function lead to _______, or a negative stress condition.

distress

A regular or predictable but intermittent form of stress is referred to as

episodic

Unlike acute and chronic stress, _______ stress is regular or predictable but intermittent.

episodic

Stressors that motivate and result in improved performance or function lead to _______, or a positive stress.

eustress

If the stressor is too great or persists too long, the body moves into the ______ phase, the last phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

exhaustion

Those with _______ control orientation believe that outcomes are based on events outside their personal control and that they have little influence over them.

external/extrinsic

The collective physiological response to stress that occurs in the alarm stage is referred to as

fight-or-flight response

When confronted by a classmate who had been bullying him, Alex felt his breathing increase and his heart pounding as he decided to hold his ground. This type of reaction is called

fight-or-flight.

A body's collective physiological responses to stress that include an increase in heart rate and breathing, a tensing of muscles, and a focusing of attention are called the _____ response.

flight-or-flight

Research has confirmed that human beings experience a wider range of mental and psychosocial stresses than do other animals because human beings _____.

have higher-level cognitive abilities

Human beings are more vulnerable to stress than animals because human beings _____.

have the ability to think about and assess future events

Dr. Hans Selye referred to a stressor as anything that disrupts _____.

homeostasis

A component of type A behavior that consists of a combination of anger, aggression, and cynicism is

hostility

The _____ component of type A personality is the primary culprit behind the continual activation of the stress pathways that lead to disease.

hostility

A major difference between attribution styles is that people with an _______ locus of personal control know how to act to get their desired outcomes.

internal

Those with ______ control orientation believe that outcomes of their actions depend on what they do.

internal

Which of the following are common negative stressors in the lives of college students today?

lack of family support systems poor grades finances

A psychological concept referring to a person's beliefs about the underlying causes of events in his or her life is known as

locus of control

_______ of _______ is a psychological concept referring to a person's beliefs about the underlying causes of events in his or her life.

locus of control

Which of the following are the main sources of negative stress in America today?

losing a job death of a family member breakup of a relationship

______ involves adopting a passive attitude toward one's thoughts as they come and go.

meditation

Daytime sleep attacks are referred to as

narcolepsy

The main sources of negative stress for Americans are associated with changes in

occupation. personal relationships.

A major difference in attribution styles between internalizers and externalizers are

people with internal control know how to act to get their desired outcomes. externalizers tend to wait passively for whatever comes their way.

Dr. Hans Selye defined a stressor as anything that disrupts _____.

physiological balance

The best strategy to deal with the stressors in college life is to be _______ by seeking answers, using campus resources, and tailoring one's approach to stress management. Multiple choice question.

proactive

A stress management technique in which one systematically contracts and relaxes different muscles in a sequential order coupled with a deep-breathing exercise is known as _____.

progressive muscle relaxation

Breathing interruption during sleep is known as _______

sleep apnea

Even the most independent and individualistic among us needs to nurture social support in order to manage

stress

The collective pyschobiological response that occurs when a person's natural balance is disrupted is known as

stress

The origin of the word _______ can be traced to its use in physics, where it refers to the amount of force, pressure, or strain put on an object to bend or break it.

stress

What is the word that in physics means the amount of force, pressure, or strain put on an object to bend or break it?

stress

_______ refers to the collective psychobiological responses that occur when a person's natural balance is disrupted.

stress

Any factor or force that disrupts homeostasis is technically known as a

stressor

Any physical or psychological event or condition that produces a stress response is called a(n)

stressor

Which of the following are effective strategies to manage stress?

take part in activities and hobbies develop social networks for support remember that to have friends, you must be a friend

Photos of presidents before and after their term in office clearly reveal the impact of stress on

the aging process.

The biological perspective of stress is based on the principal that

the brain regulates all body functions.

The steps involved in performing a stress management technique called progressive muscle relaxation in the correct order.

1) Begin with the muscles of the right foot 2) Inhale deeply, contract the muscles, then exhale and please the contraction, relaxing the right foot completely 3) Notice how relaxation in the right foot feels and enjoy the sensations

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a situation that would likely cause distress instead of eustress?

A freak blizzard in April keeps you from going on spring break.

Which of the following are chemical messengers commonly referred to as stress hormones?

Cortisol Epinephrine

Which of the following are components of type A traits?

Excessive competitiveness Hostility Time-urgency

A universal and predictable response pattern to all stressors.

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

The father of stress research is

Hans Selye.

According to the transactional model of stress put forth by Dr. Lazarus and Susan Folkman, who among the following is likely to be stressed?

Harry, who believes that his project deadlines are extremely difficult and that he is incapable of meeting them

Which of the following is not a question that captures a common sign and symptom of stress?

Have you enjoyed your work and family?

Which of the following questions could capture signs and symptoms of problems in school?

Have you increased your use of alcohol or drugs? Have your memory and concentration decreased? Has your sleep pattern changed?

Identify the ways that are used to describe the set of beliefs of a person that is referred to as the person's locus of control.

Internal and external control orientation

Identify a limitation of the biological model of stress.

It does not explain the individual variability that is seen in responses to stress.

Identify a true statement about the fight-or-flight response to stress.

It evolved as a survival mechanism in the early development of the human species.

What is stress according to Dr. Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman?

It is a particular relationship between a person and the environment.

Internal control orientation

It is a view of the world in which the person believes that outcomes are contingent on his or her actions.

External control orientation

It is an outlook of the world in which the person believes that outcomes are determined by events or forces outside his or her personal control.

Sumika was involved in the following events. Which of these would be considered eustress?

She met up with a close high school friend for the first time in three years.

Which of the following is true of individuals with classic type A personality?

They are more prone to getting heart attacks than those who are not type A.

Identify a characteristic of individuals with classic type A personality.

They continually put themselves in stressful situations.

Which of the following is true of the chemical messengers commonly referred to as stress hormones?

They mediate many of the physiological processes that take place in the body during the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A brief but intense form of stress is referred to as _____.

acute

While Jenny is walking to class, she trips and nearly falls down the stairs. What type of stress does Jenny experience in this scenario?

acute stress

Hostility is a combination of which of the following?

aggression anger cynicism

Photos of U.S. presidents before and after their term in office clearly reveal how stress accelerates the _______ process.

aging

At a well-attended social event, your roommate approaches and confronts you in a hostile manner in front of your friends. What phase of general adaptation syndrome will you first experience?

alarm

During which stage of the general adaptation syndrome does the fight-or-flight response deal with short-term stress?

alarm

According to psychologists, although a biological perspective of stress is critical to one's understanding, it _____.

alone does not present a complete picture of stressors

To prevent unnecessary stress during the college years, students should:

be proactive in seeking support and help from others. understand their locus of control. use time management strategies.

The biological perspective of stress is based on the principle that our responses to stress are regulated by the _______, which controls all body functions.

brain

he biological perspective of stress is based on the principle that our responses to stress are regulated by the _______, which controls all body functions.

brain

A form of stress that is prolonged and continuous is referred to as

chronic

_______ stress is prolonged and continuous.

chronic

Pleasing foods typically high in carbohydrates and fats are commonly called

comfort foods

_______ is the technique where you picture yourself in a peaceful scene and create a mini-vacation and have a real break from the daily grind.

creative visualization

A behavior pattern of protecting and caring for offspring and seeking social support exhibited by humans when under threat is known as

the tend-and-befriend response.

The planned efficient use of one's time is

time management

_______ is the planned efficient use of one's time.

time management

The _______ of stress and coping views stress as a transactional(person-environment) phenomenon dependent on the meaning of the stressor to the perceiver.

transactional model

Over time, unrelenting stress and the accompanying biochemical responses translate into an increased risk for a vast array of disorders and diseases.

true

True or false: Based on the definition of stress by Dr. Lazarus and Susan Folkman, an individual appraises an environment as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well-being.

true

True or false: Hans Selye, M.D. was known as the father of stress research and developed the general adaptation syndrome to describe how animals, including humans, respond to stress.

true

True or false: The most disadvantaged in society face more stress-related illness due to the continual struggle for life's necessities.

true

The stress reduction technique that uses imagery is known as

visualization

Finding a quiet comfortable place, closing your eyes, and picturing an undisturbed place on a beach or island is part of the technique used in

visualization.