Personality disorders
A client with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder has negative feelings toward the other clients on the unit and considers them all to be "bad." The nurse understands this defense is known as: Splitting Ambivalence Passive aggression Reaction formation
Splitting is the compartmentalization of opposite-affect states and failure to integrate the positive and negative aspects of self or others.
A hospitalized client, diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder, consistently breaks the unit's rules. This behavior should be confronted because it will help the client: Control anger reduce anxiety Set realistic goals Become more self-aware
Client's must first become aware of their behavior before they can change it. (3) Occurs after the client is aware of the behavior and has a desire to change the behavior.
A person with antisocial personality disorder has difficulty relating to others because of never having learned to: 1. Count on others 2. Empathize with others 3. Be dependent on others 4. Communicate with others socially
2. The lack of superego control allows the ego and the id to control the behavior. Self-motivation and self-satisfaction are of paramount concern.
Which of the following characteristics or situations is indicated when a client with borderline personality disorder has a crisis? Antisocial behavior Suspicious behavior Relationship problems Auditory hallucinations
3. Relationship problems can precipitate a crisis because they bring up issues of abandonment. Clients with borderline personality disorder aren't usually suspicious; they're more likely to be depressed or highly anxious.
When caring for a client with a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder, the nurse should: 1. Set limits on manipulative behavior 2. encourage participation in group therapy 3. Respect the client's needs for social isolation 4. Understand that seductive behavior is expected.
3. These clients are withdrawn, aloof, and socially distant; allowing distance and providing support may encourage the eventual development of a therapeutic alliance. Group therapy would increase this client's anxiety; cognitive or behavioral therapy would be more appropriate.
A young, handsome man with a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder is being discharged from the hospital next week. He asks the nurse for her phone number so that he can call her for a date. The nurse's best response would be: 1. "We are not permitted to date clients." 2. "No, you are a client and I am a nurse." 3. "I like you, but our relationship is professional." 4. "It's against my professional ethics to date clients."
3. This accepts the client as a person of worth rather than being cold or implying rejection. However, the nurse maintains a professional rather than a social role.
Which of the following characteristics or client histories substantiates a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder? Delusional thinking Feelings of inferiority Disorganized thinking Multiple criminal charges
4. Clients with antisocial personality disorder are often sent for treatment by the court after multiple crimes or for the use of illegal substances.
When working with the nurse during the orientation phase of the relationship, a client with a borderline personality disorder would probably have the most difficulty in: 1 Controlling anxiety 2 terminating the session on time 3 Accepting the psychiatric diagnosis 4 Setting mutual goals for the relationship
4. Clients with borderline personality disorders frequently demonstrate a pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, impulsiveness, affective instability, and frantic efforts to avoid abandonment; these behaviors usually create great difficulty in establishing mutual goals.
A nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with dependent personality disorder. Which of the following characteristics is a major component to this disorder? Abrasive to others Indifferent to others Manipulative of others Overreliance on others
4. Clients with dependent personality disorder are extremely overreliant on others; they aren't abrasive or assertive. They're clinging and demanding of others; they don't manipulate.
A nurse notices that a client is mistrustful and shows hostile behavior. Which of the following types of personality disorder is associated with these characteristics? Antisocial Avoidant Borderline Paranoid
4.Paranoid individuals have a need to constantly scan the environment for signs of betrayal, deception, and ridicule, appearing mistrustful and hostile. They expect to be tricked or deceived by others.
In planning care for a client with borderline personality disorder, a nurse must be aware that this client is prone to develop which of the following conditions? Binge eating Memory loss Cult membership Delusional thinking
1. Clients with borderline personality disorder are likely to develop dysfunctional coping and act out in self-destructive ways such as binge eating.
The client with antisocial personality disorder: 1. Suffers from a great deal of anxiety 2. Is generally unable to postpone gratification 3. Rapidly learns by experience and punishment 4. Has a great sense of responsibility toward others
2. Individuals with this disorder tend to be self-centered and impulsive. They lack judgment and self-control and do not profit from their mistakes.
Which of the following characteristics is expected for a client with paranoid personality disorder who receives bad news? 1. The client is overly dramatic after hearing the facts 2. The client focuses on self to not become over-anxious 3. The client responds from a rational, objective point of view 4. The client doesn't spend time thinking about the information.
3. Clients with paranoid personality disorder are affectively restricted, appear unemotional, and appear rational and objective.
Which of the following statements is typical for a client diagnosed with a personality disorder? "I understand you're the one to blame." "I must be seen first; it's not negotiable." "I see nothing humorous in this situation." "I wish someone would select the outfit for me."
3.Clients with paranoid personality disorder tend to be extremely serious and lack a sense of humor.
Which of the following information must be included for the family of a client diagnosed with dependent personality disorder? Address coping skills Explore panic attacks Promote exercise programs Decrease aggressive outbursts
1. The family needs information about coping skills to help the client learn to handle stress. Clients with dependent personality disorder don't have aggressive outbursts; they tend to be passive and submit to others. They don't tend to have panic attacks. Exercise is a health promotion activity for all clients. Clients with dependent personality disorder wouldn't need exercise promoted more than other people.
Which of the following statements is expected from a client with borderline personality disorder with a history of dysfunctional relationships? "I won't get involved in another relationship." "I'm determined to look for the perfect partner." "I've decided to use better communication skills." "I'm going to be an equal partner in a relationship."
2. Clients with borderline personality disorder would decide to look for a perfect partner. This characteristic is a result of the dichotomous manner in which these clients view the world. They go from relationship to relationship without taking responsibility for their behavior. It's unlikely that an unsuccessful relationship will cause clients to make a change. They tend to be demanding and impulsive in relationships. There's no thought given to what one wants or needs from a relationship. Because they tend to blame others for problems, it's unlikely they would express a desire to learn communication skills.
Which of the following behaviors by a client with dependent personality disorder shows the client has made progress toward the goal of increasing problem solving skills? The client is courteous The client asks questions The client stops acting out The client controls emotions
2. The client with dependent personality disorder is passive and tries to please others. By asking questions, the client is beginning to gather information, the first step of decision making.
A client with a diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder has been given a day pass from the psychiatric hospital. The client is due to return at 6pm. At 5pm the client telephones the nurse in charge of the unit and says "6 o'clock is too early. I feel like coming back at 7:30." The nurse would be most therapeutic by telling the client to: 1. Return immediately, to demonstrate control 2. Return on time or restrictions will be imposed 3. come back at 6:45, as a compromise to set limits 4. Come back as soon as possible or the police will be sent
2.This sets limits, points out reality, and places responsibility for behavior on the client.
Which of the following conditions is likely to coexist in clients with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder? Avoidance Delirium Depression Disorientation
3. Chronic feelings of emptiness and sadness predispose a client to depression. About 40% of the clients with borderline struggle with depression.
A nurse discusses job possibilities with a client with schizoid personality disorder. Which suggestion by the nurse would be helpful? "You can work in a family restaurant part-time on the weekend and holidays." "Maybe your friend could get you that customer service job where you work only on the weekends." "Your idea of applying for the position of filing and organizing records is worth pursuing." "Being an introvert limits the employment opportunities you can pursue."
3. Clients with schizoid personality disorder prefer solitary activities, such as filing, to working with others. Working as a cashier or in customer service would involve interacting with many people.
Which of the following interventions is important for a client with paranoid personality disorder taking olanzapine (Zyprexa)? 1. Explain effects of serotonin syndrome 2. Teach the client to watch for extrapyramidal adverse reactions 3. Explain that the drug is less effective if the client smokes 4. Discuss the need to report paradoxical effects such as euphoria.
3.Olanzapine (Zyprexa) is less effective for clients who smoke cigarettes. Olanzapine doesn't cause euphoria (damn), and extrapyramidal side effects aren't a problem. However, the client should be aware of adverse effects such as tardive dyskinesia.
Which of the following types of behavior is expected from a client diagnosed with a paranoid personality disorder? Eccentric exploitative Hypersensitive Seductive
3.People with paranoid personality disorders are hypersensitive to perceived threats. Schizotypal personalities appear eccentric and engage in activities others find perplexing. Clients with narcissistic personality disorder are interpersonally exploitative to enhance themselves or indulge in their own desires. A client with histrionic personality disorder can be extremely seductive when in search of stimulation and approval.
A client with antisocial personality is trying to convince a nurse that he deserves special privileges and that an exception to the rules should be made for him. Which of the following responses is the most appropriate? 1. "I believe we need to sit down and talk about this." 2. "Don't you know better than to try to bend the rules?" 3. "What you're asking me to do is unacceptable." 4. "Why don't you bring this request to the community meeting?"
3.These clients often try to manipulate the nurse to get special privileges or make exceptions to the rules on their behalf. By informing the client directly when actions are inappropriate, the nurse helps the client learn to control unacceptable behaviors by setting limits. By sitting down to talk about the request, the nurse is telling the client there's room for negotiating when there is none.
An adult client with a borderline personality disorder become nauseated and vomits immediately after drinking after drinking 2 ounces of shampoo as a suicide gesture. The most appropriate initial response by the nurse would be to: 1. Promptly notify the attending physician 2. Immediately initiate suicide precautions 3. Sit quietly with the client until nausea and vomiting subsides 4. Assess the client's vital signs and administer syrup of ipecac
3.This intervention demonstrates the nurse's caring presence which is vital for this client. (1) Although the treatment team does need to know about the event, notification is not the immediate concern. (2) This is premature and it reinforces the client's predisposition to manipulative behavior. (4) This medication is inappropriate in this situation; vomiting would be expected after the ingestion of shampoo.
A nurse is orienting a new client to the unit when another client rushes down the hallway and asks the nurse to sit down and talk. The client requesting the nurse's attention is extremely manipulative and uses socially acting-out behaviors when demands are unmet. The nurse should: 1. Suggest that the client requesting attention speak with another staff member 2. Leave the new client and talk with the other client to avoid precipitating acting out behavior 3. Tell the interrupting client to sit down and be patient, stating, "I'll be back as soon as possible." 4. Introduce the two clients and suggest that the client join the new client and the nurse on the tour
3.This sets realistic limits on behavior without rejecting the client
A client with schizotypal personality disorder is sitting in a puddle of urine. She's playing in it, smiling, and softly singing a child's song. Which action would be best? Admonish the client for not using the bathroom Firmly tell the client that her behavior is unacceptable Ask the client if she's ready to get cleaned up now Help the client to the shower, and change the bedclothes.
4. A client with schizotypal personality disorder can experience high levels of anxiety and regress to childlike behaviors. This client may require help needing self-care needs. The client may not respond to the other options or those options may generate more anxiety.
A nurse notices other clients on the unit avoiding a client diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. When discussing appropriate behavior in group therapy, which of the following comments is expected about this client by his peers? Lack of honesty Belief in superstitions Show of temper tantrums Constant need for attention
1.Clients with antisocial personality disorder tend to engage in acts of dishonesty, shown by lying
A client with borderline personality disorder is admitted to the unit after slashing his wrist. Which of the following goals is most important after promoting safety? Establish a therapeutic relationship with the client Identify whether splitting is present in the client's thoughts Talk about the client's acting out and self-destructive tendencies. Encourage the client to understand why he blames others
1. After promoting safety, the nurse establishes a rapport with the client to facilitate appropriate expression of feelings. At this time, the client isn't ready to address unhealthy behavior. A therapeutic relationship must be established before the nurse can effectively work with the client on self-destructive tendencies and the issues of splitting.
Which of the following assessment findings is seen in a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder? Abrasions in various healing stages intermittent episodes of hypertension Alternating tachycardia and bradycardia Mild state of euphoria with disorientation
1. Clients with borderline personality disorder tend to self-mutilate and have abrasions in various stages of healing.
When assessing a client diagnosed with impulse control disorder, the nurse observes violent, aggressive, and assaultive behavior. Which of the following assessment data is the nurse also likely to find? Select all that apply. The client functions well in other areas of his life. The degree of aggressiveness is out of proportion to the stressor. The violent behavior is mist often justified by the stressor. The client has a history of parental alcoholism and chaotic, abusive family life. The client has no remorse about the inability to control his anger.
1, 2, 4. A client with an impulse control disorder who displays violent, aggressive, and assaultive behavior generally functions well in other areas of his life. The degree of aggressiveness is typically out of proportion with the stressor. Such a client commonly has a history of parental alcoholism and a chaotic family life, and often verbalizes sincere remorse and guilt for the aggressive behavior.
Which of the following nursing interventions has priority for a client with borderline personality disorder? Maintain consistent and realistic limits Give instructions for meeting basic self-care needs Engage in daytime activities to stimulate wakefulness Have the client attend group therapy on a daily basis
1. Clients with borderline who are needy, dependent, and manipulative will benefit greatly from maintaining consistent and realistic limits. They don't tend to have difficulty meeting their self-care needs. They enjoy attending group therapy because they often attempt to use the opportunity to become the center of attention. They don't tend to have sleeping difficulties.
A psychiatrist prescribes an anti-obsessional agent for a client who is using ritualistic behavior. A common anti-anxiety medication used for this type of client would be: Fluvoxamine (Luvox) Benztropine (Cogentin) Amantadine (Symmetrel) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Fluvoxamine (Luvox) This drug blocks the uptake of serotonin.
A 20-year old college student has been brought to the psychiatric hospital by her parents. Her admitting diagnosis is borderline personality disorder. When talking with the parents, which information would the nurse expect to be included in the client's history? Select all that apply. Impulsiveness Lability of mood Ritualistic behavior psychomotor retardation self-destructive behavior
Impulsiveness Lability of mood Self-destructive behavior
The nursing diagnosis that would be most appropriate for a 22-year old client who uses ritualistic behavior would be: Ineffective coping Impaired adjustment personal identity disturbance Sensory/perceptual alterations
Ineffective coping is the impairment of a person's adaptive behaviors and problem-solving abilities in meeting life's demands; ritualistic behavior fits under this category as a defining characteristic.
