Pharm Ad Chronic Disease, Pain, and Disability
most prevalent forms of arthritis are...
-osteoarthritis -rheumatoid arthritis -fibromyalgia -gout
words to use when defining pain
-sharp or dull -constant or on-and-off -burning or aching
a ____% decrease in TBC levels may reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease by as much as _____%
10%, 30%
What role does tobacco play in COPD?
443,000 deaths per year, and an estimated 49,000 of these smoking-related deaths are the result of secondhand smoke exposure
Name 5 organizations dedicated to helping people with pain
American Chronic Pain Association (ACPA), US Pain Foundation, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Sports Injury Rehab Resources, National Association of Drug Diversion Investigators (NADDI)
What race has the highest prevalence of arthritis?
American Indian/Alaska Native
(t/f): incidence of cancer is on the decline
false. rise (even age-adjusted)
Who is at greater risk for type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent)?
family history of diabetes, overweight, sedentary/do not exercise regularly, and certain racial and ethnic groups (AA, Hispanics, and NA)
Stroke (cerebrovascular disease)
fourth leading cause of death in the US
common chronic pain complaints include:
headache, low back pain, cancer pain, arthritis pain, and neurogenic pain
What is the leading cause of death (in men and women) in the US over the past 75 years?
heart disease (overall)
~_____ million Americans suffer from chronic pain
100
____% of people in the US have disability
12
What percentage of the population has high cholesterol?
13.4
____% of people worldwide have disability
15
In 2013, _______ million people had diabetes in the US
29.1
What percentage of the population has, at least, one chronic disease?
40
What was the total (indirect and direct) cost of diabetes in 2012?
$245 billion
Arthritis costs the US about _____ per year in health care expenditures
$81 billion
chronic pain symptoms
-fatigue, sleep disturbance, decreased appetite, and mood changes -may limit a person's movements -may prevent a person from carrying out important and enjoyable activities
Over _________ types of cancer.
1,300
More than ______% of lower extremity amputations are from diabetes
60 (85% preventable with proper management)
Chronic disease accounts for what percent of all deaths in the US?
70%
Approximately ____% of strokes occur in persons over 65.
72
chronic disease treatment accounts for over ____% of national health expenditures
75%
What percentage of older adults, at least, one chronic disease?
88%
What is the target cholesterol level?
<200mg/dL
What are the danger 7 for cancer? (CAUTION)
Change in bowel or bladder habits; A sore that does not heal; Unusual bleeding or discharge; Thickening or lump in the breast, testicles, or elsewhere; Indigestion or difficulty swallowing; Obvious change in the size, color, shape, or thickness of a wart, mole, or mouth sore; Nagging cough or hoarseness
what is COPD?
a serious lung disease that over time makes it hard to breathe; air sacs no longer have elastic quality and can produce more mucus in their lungs
many chronic pain conditions affect
older adults
interruption
acute problem that remains only a small and temporary part of a person's life [minor illnesses or mild disability]
Why are rates of disability increasing?
ageing populations and an increase in chronic health conditions
disability (WHO definition)
any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being
what is the most common cause of disability among americans?
arthritis
Cancer is caused by:
external and internal causes
25% of deaths in 2015 were caused by:
cardiovascular disease
What are the external causes of cancer?
chemicals, radiation, and viruses
What is the leading cause of death and disability in the US?
chronic disease
(t/f): diabetes prevalence has decreased over time
false. highest its ever been.
Chronic diseases are among the most ____________, __________, and __________________ of all healthcare problems.
common;costly;preventable
chronic pain usually cannot be ________, but it can be _____________.
cured; managed
What is the leading cause of new blindness in patients ages 20-74?
diabetes
Best self-management programs teach people:
different ways of thinking about and responding to pain
Pain is a
disease
intrusion
illness or disability that progresses and demands time, accommodation, and attention to help the person live "day-to-day"
Prevalence of hypertension (increases/decreases) as age increases.
increases
Chronic illness or disability can be experienced as an ____________, an ____________, or something in which the person is ___________.
interruption; intrusion; immersed
chronic disease
long-lasting condition that can be controlled but not cured
What are some ways to treat chronic pain?
medications, acupuncture, electrical stimulation, nerve blocks, surgery, less invasive psychotherapy, relaxation therapies, biofeedback, behavior modification, or CAM approaches
(Men/Women) have a higher incidence of heart disease?
men
The percentage of adults who has diabetes is determined using the ___________________________________________________________.
national diabetes surveillance system
arthritis is comorbid with
obesity
chronic pain
pain that persists for more than 12 weeks and may arise from an initial injury, or there may be an ongoing cause, such as illness or no clear cause
What role do pharmacists play in the treatment of hypertension?
patient education, simplifying regimens, and behavioral strategies to remind patients to take their medications
Immersion
patients structure their lives around the demands of their bodies; may risk social relationships, lack of time, and need of assistance
What is the number one type of cancer?
prostate
What are the top five types of cancer?
prostate, female breast, lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, and corpus and uterus
What is the goal of chronic pain treatment?
reduce pain and improve function
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the _________ leading cause of death in the US.
third
One in __________ adults has high blood pressure. one in _____ elderly people have hypertension. ____% of population has high cholesterol
three- high BP 2- hypertension 13.4%-high cholesterol
Heart disease is linked to the following modifiable risk behaviors:
tobacco use, lack of physical activity, poor nutrition, excessive weight
pain is a ___________________ experience.
very personal and subjective
Disability includes persons
with chronic disease, along with: born deaf, paralyzed from an accident, and experience chronic pain that limits functional ability
~2/3 of people with arthritis are (men/women)
women
What are indirect costs in reference to chronic diseases?
work loss, lack of productivity
(t/f): there are specific tests that can measure and locate pain with precision.
false. no test that can.
What are some examples of chronic disease?
heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Diabetes, Arthritis
What are the internal causes of cancer?
hormones, immune conditions, and inherited traits
What are direct costs in reference to chronic diseases?
hospital bills, surgery costs, medications, etc.
Who is more likely to report COPD?
older white Women unemployed, retired, or unable to work. less than a high school education. lower incomes. divorced, widowed, or separated. Current or former smokers. history of asthma.
Much of the costs of diabetes is associated with _______________ complications, such as:
secondary; heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, lower extremity amputation (not associated with injury)
successful _______-_________________programs have aided in the reduction of many barriers to effective pain management
self-management
Stroke is the number one cause of _________, _______-_________ disability in adult Americans.
serious, long-term
~2/3 of people with arthritis are (older/younger) than 65
younger
