Pharm Ch 9

A patient has been prescribed 4 g of sulfamethoxazole - trimethoprim tablets per day. The available drug is in the form of 500 mg. To meet the recommended dose, the nurse will administer _______ tablets each day.

8

A bacterium that depends on oxygen in order to survive is called____________.

Aerobic bacteria

After teaching a group of students about carbapenems, the instructor determines the need for additional teaching when the students identify what as an example?

Cefuroxime

Which of the following drugs would be classified as an aminoglycoside?

Gentamicin

A nurse is caring for a patient who is being administered penicillin. What are the common adverse reactions to penicillin a nurse should assess for?

Inflammation of the tongue and mouth

The nurse is aware that sulfonamide therapy is used cautiously in older adults because of decreased function of what organ system?

Renal

A group of students are reviewing information about drugs used to treat tuberculosis. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which drug as a first-line treatment option?

Rifampin

Which of the following should be included in the nurse's pre-administration assessment prior to a client receiving a penicillin? Select all that apply. a. Allergy history b. Medical history c. Blood glucose d. Medication history e. Current symptoms

a,b,d,e

The nurse is caring for a client whose prescribed course of cefaclor will soon be completed. What health education should the nurse provide to the client? a. "Make sure to avoid drinking any alcohol for the next three days." b. "It's possible that your urine might be pink-tinged for the next little while, but that's expected and it will resolve." c. "Remember to have your required blood work drawn in 48 hours." d. "You might develop a mild fever when you finish your antibiotics, but that doesn't mean your infection has returned."

a. "Make sure to avoid drinking any alcohol for the next three days."

A public health nurse interacts with many members of the community who are at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The nurse should anticipate the use of tetracycline in a client who is diagnosed with what STI? a. Chlamydia b. vaginitis c. human papillomavirus d. trichomoniasis

a. Chlamydia

Before the selection of an aminoglycoside to treat a client's wound infection, what would the nurse expect the health care provider to order? a. Culture and sensitivity b. Electrolyte panel c. White blood count d. Complete blood count

a. Culture and sensitivity

The nursing student read about a disease called Hansen's disease, which is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae and is treated with many of the same drugs as are used for TB. The student learned that another name for Hansen's disease is which? a. leprosy. b. listeriosis. c. leptospirosis. d. cholera.

a. leprosy

Cephalosporins are structurally and chemically related to which classes of antibiotics? a. Penicillins b. Tetracyclines c.Fluoroquinolones d.Aminoglycosides

a. penicillins

Gangrene is an example of a _____________ bacteria that so not use oxygen to survive.

anaerobic

chemical that is able to inhibit the growth of specific bacteria or cause the death of susceptible bacteria

antibiotic

The nurse is caring for a client who is on sulfonamide therapy and monitors the client for which common side effects? (Select all that apply.) a. Anemia b. Diarrhea c. Low platelets d. Photosensitivity e. Nausea

b,d,e (diarrhea, photosensitivity, nausea)

A pregnant woman calls the clinic and asks if it is suitable to use ofloxacin otic drops that she used prior to pregnancy for a current ear infection. What would be an appropriate response from the nurse? a. "Ofloxacin drops are used in children, so it is probably okay to use when pregnant." b. "The effects of ofloxacin in pregnancy are not known, so the drug should not be used while pregnant." c. "If the infection seems the same, then you could try using the same prescription." d. "Otic medications are contraindicated during pregnancy. Do not take it."

b. "The effects of ofloxacin in pregnancy are not known, so the drug should not be used while pregnant."

A nurse works in a community setting and follows clients who have TB. Which clients would likely require the most follow-up from rifampin therapy? a. A new mother who is nursing b. An HIV-positive client c. A cancer client d. An obese 45-year-old man

b. an HIV-positive client

A nurse is required to administer an anti-infective drug to a patient. The nurse knows that which of the following tests need to be conducted before administering the first dose of an anti-infective drug to the patient? a. Urinalysis b. Culture tests c. Ulcer tests d. Stool tests

b. culture test

After teaching a group of students about the indications for use for aminoglycosides, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which type of infection as a primary indication? a. viral infections b. gram-negative infections c. fungal infections d. gram-positive infections

b. gram-negative infections

A client is prescribed rifampin. What information should the nurse include in the client's medication education? a. It has an increased serum half-life, so it is more effective than rifabutin. b. The urine, tears, sweat, and other body fluids will be a discolored red-orange. c. When taking it with warfarin, an increased anticoagulant effect occurs. d. It decreases hepatic enzymes and decreases metabolism of drugs.

b. the urine, tears, sweat, and other body fluids will be a discolored red-orange

A 9-year-old client has been admitted to the pediatric unit after being diagnosed with pertussis. The pediatric nurse is processing the client's admission orders and notes that IV demeclocycline has been prescribed. After beginning this treatment, the nurse should confirm the results of what laboratory test?

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

The health care provider is selecting an antibiotic for a client with a known penicillin allergy. The provider knows that cephalosporins are a poor choice for this client because cephalosporins:

can cause allergic reactions in clients who are allergic to penicillins.

A client prescribed rifaximin for diarrhea has developed frank bleeding in the stool. What intervention should the nurse anticipate being implemented to best ensure client safety?

changing to a different antibiotic

The nurse would contact the physician for which client if gentamicin is ordered for clarification? a. A 25-year-old female with pelvic inflammatory disease b. A 43-year-old male with endocarditis c. A 29-year-old female with pyelonephritis d. A 52-year-old male with an infection of his AV fistula graft

d. A 52-year-old male with an infection of his AV fistula graft

A nurse is caring for an adult client diagnosed with bacterial sinusitis. The nurse has cautioned the client against taking prescribed oral erythromycin together with antacids. What is the basis of this instruction? a. Antacids delay metabolism of the drug. b. Antacids cause a dangerous rise in gastric pH. c. Antacids can exacerbate nausea and reflux. d. Antacids decrease the absorption of the drug.

d. Antacids decrease the absorption of the drug.

A client is receiving rifampin and isoniazid in combination for treatment of tuberculosis. What would the nurse need to monitor closely? a. Audiometric studies b. Urine culture c. Pulmonary function studies d. Liver function studies

d. Liver function studies

The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a woman who will be taking amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media. The nurse teaches the client that which symptom indicates the development of a superinfection and should be reported to the physician? a. Abdominal pain b. Nausea c. Swelling and itching of the throat d. Vaginal itching and discharge

d. Vaginal itching and discharge

Extreme caution would be necessary with the use of gentamicin in which client? a. client who has bipolar disorder and who is on long-term lithium therapy b. a client who is morbidly obese and who has primary hypertension c. a client who has an atrioventricular block d. a client who has chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus

d. a client who has chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus

A client is prescribed penicillin V orally for a strep throat. What is the mechanism of action of this medication? a. It inhibits protein synthesis. b. It causes mutations. c. It lowers the pH of cellular contents. d. It inhibits cell wall synthesis.

d. it inhibits cell wall synthesis

Which medication is the drug of choice for Legionnaires disease?

erythromycin

What potential adverse reaction is most likely to develop during cefazolin therapy?

gastrointestinal upset

Bacteria whose cell wall lose a stain or are decolorized by alcohol are called _____________.

gram- negative

bacteria that take a positive stain and are frequently associated with infections of the respiratory tract and soft tissues

gram-positive

A client is prescribed isoniazid (INH) for a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Which adverse effect will result in discontinuation of the medication?

jaundice

A 35-year-old man being treated with isoniazid (INH) for exposure to TB has this medical history: diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease. He drinks one to two glasses of wine on the weekend and smokes two packs of cigarettes per day. Which adverse reaction should the nurse alert the client to report to his health care provider right away?

numbness and tingling in his feet

A 25-year-old woman is being treated with penicillin G as prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis prior to a dental procedure. The nurse should question the client concerning her the use of:

oral contraceptives.

A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving vancomycin intravenously. While the drug is being administered, the client reports a throbbing sensation in the neck and back and paresthesias. The client's blood pressure has dropped and the neck and back are erythematous. The nurse suspects which adverse finding?

red man syndrome

A young adult client's acne has responded well to treatment with tetracycline. However, the client has now returned to the clinic 6 weeks later with signs and symptoms of oral candidiasis. The nurse should recognize that this client's current health problem is likely attributable to which occurrence?

superinfection following the eradication of normal oral flora

_________drugs that work together to increase drug effectiveness

synergistic

When administering aminoglycosides, the nurse must be aware of which of the following adverse reactions? a. Glaucoma and renal failure b. Liver necrosis, or hepatic failure c. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia d. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

d. ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

The nurse is assisting in the admission of a client with a suspected urinary tract infection and an oral temperature of 100.9 degrees ferenheit. The health care provider has written the following orders: acetaminophen 500 mg PO for elevated temperature; urinalysis for culture and sensitivity; sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) 500 mg PO four times daily; and force fluids to 3 L/day. Which order will the nurse complete first? a.) Administer sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) b.) Provide client with eight ounces of fluid. c.) Administer acetaminophen for temperature d.) Obtain urine for culture and sensitivity.

d. obtain urine for culture and sensitivity

A patient with TB is admitted to a health care facility. The nurse is required to administer an antitubercular drug through the parenteral route to this patient. Which of the following precautions should the nurse take when administering frequent parenteral injections? a. Administer streptomycin to promote nutrition. b. Monitor signs of liver dysfunction weekly. c. Monitor patient's vital signs each morning. d. Rotate injection sites for frequent parenteral injections.

d. rotate injection sites for frequent parenteral injections

When antibiotics are given in combination so that their combined effects are greater than if they were given individually, they are considered to be__________.

Synergistic

After teaching a group of nursing students about the action of penicillins, the instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the students identify natural penicillins as exerting which type of effect on microorganisms?

bactericidal

A client is allergic to penicillin and has been diagnosed with a genitourinary infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Which medication will most likely be administered?

erythromycin