PHARM EXAM 3 quiz questions

All of the following medications can be used to treat angina pectoris except: A. Nitroglycerin B. Verapamil C. Propranolol D. Ranolazine E. Amiodarone

E. Amiodarone

Which of the following statements is true regarding angina pectoris? A. Chronic stable (i.e. exertional) angina pain occurs with exertion when oxygen demand is greater than oxygen supply. B. Variant angina (aka Prinzmetal, vasoplastic) can only be treated with the use of high doses of opioid medications C. Chronic stable angina is a medical emergency that presents with new angina pain at rest or worsening of existing angina pain. D. When nitroglycerin is taken during an anginal episode it works to act directly on the coronary arteries of the heart where it causes coronary artery vasodilation.

A. Chronic stable (i.e. exertional) angina pain occurs with exertion when oxygen demand is greater than oxygen supply. Feedback: - Variant angina is treated with vasodilators (nitrates, CCB) to promote vasodilation and increase blood/oxygen supply back to the heart. - Unstable angina is a medical emergency. - When nitroglycerin is taken during an anginal episode it works directly on vascular smooth muscle to primarily promote vasodilation of the veins

The RN recognizes that the student nurse needs further instruction about the normal conduction of the heart when they make which statement? A. "The sinoatrial (SA) node is the 'pacemaker' of the heart, where impulses are generated." B. "The atrioventricular (AV) node is the 'pacemaker' of the heart, where impulses are generated." C. "Impulses are sent rapidly down the Bundle of His and Purkinje fibers stimulating all areas of the ventricles simultaneously and allowing for synchronized ventricular contraction." D. "Impulses are delayed at the atrioventricular (AV) node to provide time for blood to fill the ventricles before they contract."

B. "The atrioventricular (AV) node is the 'pacemaker' of the heart, where impulses are generated."

Which dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker has adverse effects that include dizziness, flushing, headache, gingival hyperplasia and reflex tachycardia? A. Verapamil B. Lisinopril C. Nifedipine D. Diltiazem

C. Nifedipine

A 58-year-old man who takes nitroglycerin to treat stable angina reports having erectile dysfunction (ED). He states that he plans to ask his primary provider for a prescription for sildenafil (Viagra), a PDE-5 Inhibitor, to treat the erectile dysfunction. What will the nurse tell this patient? a. "Ask the provider for a different drug for angina as the combination of nitroglycerin and sildenafil (Viagra) can cause dangerously low blood pressures and possible death." b. "You should avoid sexual activity since this increases oxygen demands on the heart." c. "You should not take sildenafil (Viagra) as you are too old for sexual activity." d. "You may take these two drugs together safely as long as you take them as directed."

a. "Ask the provider for a different drug for angina as the combination of nitroglycerin and sildenafil (Viagra) can cause dangerously low blood pressures and possible death."

Which drug is the most effective for lowering LDL cholesterol? a. Atorvastatin [Lipitor] B. Cholestyramine [Questran] c. Gemfibrozil [Lopid] d. Ezetimibe [Zetia]

a. Atorvastatin [Lipitor]

All of the following statements are correct regarding Levothyoxine (Synthroid), except: a. Levothyroxine is used for hyperthyroidism b. Levothyroxine in a synthetic preparation of thyroxine T4 c. Levothyroxine is used to convert thyroxine to T3 d. Levothyroxine is used in hypothyroidism

a. Levothyroxine is used for hyperthyroidism

The nurse is caring for a patient prescribed a cholesterol-lowering drug. Which drug is least likely to cause systemic side effects? a. Simvastatin [Zocor] b. Colesevelam [Welchol] c. Nicotinic acid [Niaspan] d. Gemfibrozil [Lopid]

b. Colesevelam [Welchol]

Which of the following classes/category of drugs are the most effective drugs for lowering LDL and cholesterol and most widely prescribed drugs in the United States? a. Fibrates b. HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitors c. Bile Acid Sequestrants d. Nicotinic Acids

b. HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitors

All of the following statements are true regarding insulin, except: a. All insulins can be administered subcutaneously (SQ) b. Insulin is only used to treat patients with T1DM c. All insulins used in the U.S. are produced by recombinant DNA technology d. The most important and common adverse side effect of insulin therapy is hypoglycemia

b. Insulin is only used to treat patients with T1DM

Your patient is being prescribed NPH insulin for home. Which statement is correct and should be included in the discharge instructions by the nurse? a. The onset of action is rapid b. The insulin will have a cloudy appearance in the vial c. When mixing your NPH with your short acting regular insulin, always draw up the NPH first d. The patient will not have any allergic reactions with NPH.

b. The insulin will have a cloudy appearance in the vial

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding statin therapy. a.Statins have the greatest impact on reducing LDL when given at breakfast b. The most serious adverse side effect with statins is myopathy/rhabdomyolysis c. Statins are always to be used in combination with another lipid lowering medication d. Statins can be used during pregnancy

b. The most serious adverse side effect with statins is myopathy/rhabdomyolysis

What cholesterol medication has the mechanism of action (MOA) of binding bile acids and other substances in the GI tract and prevents their absorption and promotes their excretion? a. Iron supplements b. Aluminum containing antacids c. Warfarin d. Calcium supplement

c. Warfarin

A patient is taking a calcium channel blocker (CCB) for stable angina. The patient's spouse asks how calcium channel blockers relieve pain. The nurse will explain that CCBs: A. increase the QT interval. b. decreases coronary artery perfusion. c. help relax peripheral arterioles to reduce afterload. d. increase the heart rate to improve myocardial contractility.

c. help relax peripheral arterioles to reduce afterload.

Which of the following antidiabetic medications is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist "incretin mimetic"? a. Canogliflozin (Invokana) b. Sitagliptin (Januvia) c. Pioglitazone (Actos) d. Exenatide (Byetta)

d. Exenatide (Byetta)

Hemodynamic effects of the nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil, include all of the following, except? a. Improved coronary perfusion b. Reduced force of contraction c. Reduced heart rate d. Increased AV nodal conduction e. Reduced arterial pressure

d. Increased AV nodal conduction

The mechanisms of action for antidysrhythmic drugs can be related to electrolytes in the action potential. Which one of the following works by blocking sodium (Na+) channels? a. Sotalol b. Amiodarone c. Propranolol d. Lidocaine e. Diltiazem

d. Lidocaine

Which of the following prototype drugs used to treat T2DM is a biguanide and has the greatest side effect of diarrhea? a. Glipizide (Glucophage) b. Exenatide (Byetta) c. Pioglitazone (Actos) d. Metformin (Glucophage)

d. Metformin (Glucophage)

A patient with cardiovascular disease is taking rosuvastatin [Crestor]. The nurse is monitoring for potential adverse effects. Which finding indicates a potential adverse effect of this drug? a. Blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg b. Wheezing and shortness of breath c. Platelet count of 100 × 103/mm3 d. Muscle pain and tenderness

d. Muscle pain and tenderness

Cyanide toxicity is a concern with which vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies? a. Minoxidil (Loniten) b. Aliskiren (Tekturna) c. Captopril (Capoten) d. Sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress) e. Hydralazine (Apresoline)

d. Sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress)

You are preparing your patient for discharge which was prescribed a Statin drug post Myocardial Infarction. All of following statements are correct and important to emphasize in your discharge education with the patient, EXCEPT: a. If you develop any muscle weakness or muscle pain- you should notify your provider immediately b. Taking this medication daily is important for reducing cardiovascular events c. The most common side effects are headache, rash and GI disturbances d. This medication should be taken in the morning with breakfast and grapefruit juice

d. This medication should be taken in the morning with breakfast and grapefruit juice

A patient presented to the Emergency Department with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and a heart rate of 195 beats per minute. The provider is at the bedside and has ordered adenosine to be given via rapid IV push. The nurse knows that adenosine works to decrease SA node automaticity and significantly slow AV node conduction which should cause the heart to return to a normal sinus rhythm. All of the following may be adverse effects of administering adenosine except: a. Chest discomfort b. Bradycardia c. Hypotension d. Cardiac arrest e. Hypertension

e. Hypertension