Pharmacology ATI Notes
a nurse is caring for a client who is at 28 weeks gestation and experiencing preterm labor. which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer? a. oxytocin b. nifedipine c. dinoprostone d. misoprostol
a. nifedipine (a tocolytic medication administered to stop preterm labor)
a nurse is providing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about administering morphine via IV bolus to a client. which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? a. respiratory depression can occur 7 min after the morphine is administered b. the morphine will peak in 10 min c. withhold the morphine if the client has a respiratory rate less than 16/min d. administer the morphine over 2 min
a. respiratory depression can occur 7 min after the morphine is administered (b. IV morphine peaks in 20 min c. withhold for RR <12/min d. administer over 4-5 min to avoid hypotension and resp. depression)
the nurse should instruct a client on long term prednisone therapy to monitor for which adverse effect? a. stress fractures b. orthostatic hypotension c. gingival ulcerations d. weight loss
a. stress fractures
HCTZ nursing implications
administer in morning to prevent nocturia, monitor BP, monitor for hypokalemia
alendronate nursing implications
administer medication when client is sitting upright and in the morning before breakfast; client must maintain upright position for 30 minutes
ceftriaxone contraindication
allergy to cephalosporin and penicillin antibiotics
antidote for parkinsonism caused by chlorpromazine therapy
amantadine
chlorpromazine action
an antipsychotic drug that reduces the symptoms of schizophrenia by blocking dopamine D2 receptors
enlapril pharmacologic class
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
tamoxifen therapeutic use
antiestrogen medication used to treat breast cancer
amphotericin B therapeutic class
antifungal
____ should not be given to children or adolescents who have a viral infection, such as chickenpox of influenza, due to risk of developing Reye's syndrome
aspirin
what lab values should be monitored if a client is on valproic acid (Depakote)? (select all that apply) a. BUN b. PTT c. AST d. UA e. ALT
b. PTT c. AST e. ALT (can alter coagulation and cause life-threatening hepatoxicity)
a nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client who is receiving a continuous IV heparin infusion and has an aPTT of 90 seconds. which of the following actions should the nurse prepare to take a. adminiser vitamin K b. reduce the infusion rate c. give the client a low-dose aspirin d. request an INR
b. reduce the infusion rate
amphotericin B action
binds to fungal cell membrane, allowing leakage of cellular contents
clopidogrel (Plavix) adverse effects
bleeding (coffee ground emesis, black tarry stools, ecchymosis), hypertension, dizziness, diarrhea
ergotamine action
blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction of cerebral blood vessels
an older adult client has a new prescription for amitriptyline (Elavil) to treat depression. which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse plan to perform prior to starting the client on this medication? a. hearing examination b. glucose tolerance test c. electrocardiogram d. pulmonary function test
c. electrocardiogram (can cause tachycardia and ECG changes)
clopidogrel (Plavix) indication
coronary stents, myocardial infarctions, strokes
what analgesic should be used in a patient with peptic ulcer disease? a. ibuprofen b. naproxen c. aspirin d. acetaminophen
d. acetaminophen (not an NSAID and will not increase risk of gastrointestinal bleeding)
a newly licensed nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for gemfibrozil. which of the following laboratory tests should she monitor? a. platelet count b. electrolyte levels c. thyroid function d. liver function
d. liver function (can cause liver toxicity)
a nurse is administering epinephrine for a client who is experiencing anaphylaxis. the nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? a. hypotension b. hyperthermia c. hypoglycemia d. tachycardia
d. tachycardia
zolpidem adverse effects
dizziness, daytime drowsiness, confusion in older adult
allopurinol adverse reactions
fever (indicates potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction - discontinue medication)
Filgrastim (Neupogen) indication
given to treat neutropeniaand to reduce risk of infection in clients who are receiving chemotherapy for cancer or who have undergone bone marrow transplant
allopurinol indication
gout
enlapril indication
hypertension
gentamicin adverse effects
hypokalemia, proteinuria, apnea (at high doses), impaired hearing, eye photosensitivity, redness, itching, and excess tearing
enlapril adverse effects
hypotension and postural hypotension (esp. during first 3 hours after initial dosage)
HCTZ action
increases excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule
metoclopramide action
increases gastric motility and promotes gastric emptying
gemfibrozil (Lopid) action
inhibits peripheral lipolysis by decreasing triglyceride production by the liver; increases HDL
clopidogrel (Plavix) action
inhibits platelet aggregation
metoclopramide contraindication
intestinal obstruction
sulfasalazine action
locally acting anti-inflammatory action in the colon
gemfibrozil (Lopid) indication
management of type II-b hyperlipidemia in patients who do not yet have clinical coronary artery disease and have failed therapy with diet, exercise, and weight loss
cromolyn sodium action
mast cell inhibitor with a slow onset
ergotamine indication
migraine headache
allopurinol side effects
mild GI upset, drowsiness, metallic taste
amphotericin B nursing implications
monitor client's creatinine q3-4 days and increase fluid intake. dosage should be reduced if client's creatinine is 3.5 mg/dL or greater
manifestations of hypokalemia
muscle weakness, cramps, dysrhythmias
metoclopramide indication
nausea and vomiting
sulfasalazine adverse effects
nausea, vomiting, and arthralgia (pain in joint)
amphotericin B adverse effects
nephrotoxicity (kidneys)
alendronate indication
osteoporosis
chlorpromazine adverse effect involving involuntary movements and tremors
parkinsonism (extrapyramidal manifestation)
cromolyn sodium indication
prophylactic treatment of asthma (not a rescue medication)
what medication turns body fluids orange?
rifampin (tears, sweat, saliva, urine)
amphotericin B indication
severe fungal infections
epoetin alfa therapeutic effects
stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow to increase RBC production and reduce anemia
hydrochlorathiazide (HCTZ) pharmacologic class
thiazide diuretic
levothyroxine indication
thyroid replacement hormone for hypothyroidism
true/false: phenazopyridine causes urine to turn a reddish/orange color
true (normal finding)
sulfasalazine indication
ulcerative colitis
