Pharmacology Final- EAQ Questions
What atypical antipsychotic can cause agranulocytosis?
clozapine
A client develops extrapyramidal effects after taking a neuroleptic medication. Which medication can limit these side effects? a. hydroxyzine b. zolpidem c. dantrolene d. Benztropine Mesylate
d. Benztropine Mesylate - anticholingeric drug that helps balance neurotransmitter activity in the CNS, and helps control extrapyramidal side effects
What therapeutic effect would a nurse expect to see in a patient who was administered mannitol?
decreased intracranial pressure
Extrapyramidal side effects of Chlorpromazine?
drooling, facial tics, shuffling gait, tongue rolling, restless movements
What is important for a nurse to teach a client taking psyllium 3.5 g twice a day for constipation?
each dose should be taken with a full glass of water
Which essential test result will the nurse review before starting antiubercular pharmacotherapy in a pt. with HIV, who is diagnosed with TB?
liver function studies
What is an adverse-response for levodopa-carbodopa?
nausea and emotional changes
What rationale will the nurse give to the patient for being prescribed both penicillin and probenecid to treat syphilis?
probenecid delays the excretion of penicillin, thus maintaining blood levels for longer periods of time
What nursing care would be included for a client who is receiving doxorubicin for acute myelogenous leukemia?
provide frequent oral hygiene
Levodopa MOA
restores dopamine levels in the brain
What is zolipidem used for?
sleep
What medication is indicated in an emergency situation, for pts. who have bleeding esophageal varices?
vasopressin
Which conclusion would the nurse make about the development of loose stools and increased salivation two days after a client with myasthenia gravis starts taking pyridostigmine?
the medication is causing cholinergic side effects
Why would antibiotics be given to a pt. about to undergo a bowel resection?
they are given to eliminate bacteria in the GI tract
What symptom would the nurse expect to see decrease in response to corticosteroid therapy in a patient with MS?
visual impairment
oral pancreatic enzymes should be taken
with meals
which adverse effect would the nurse continually check for in a client receiving valproic acid?
yellow sclera
What ophthalmic solution is contraindicated in pts. with glaucoma?
atropine
Which med would a nurse expect a HCP to prescribe for a pt. who just underwent a thyroidectomy and is now experiencing pallor and spasms of the hand when the nurse is taking their blood pressure?
calcium
What medication can cause thyroxine levels to be low?
lithium
Which vitamin deficiency may occur if cholestyramine, an anion exchange resin, to treat a client's persistent diarrhea is needed long-term?
- Vitamin A (Retinol) Deficiency - Cholestyramine is a fat-binding agent and can interfere with fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin A, K, D, and E
What instruction will a nurse need to include in a teaching plan for a patient prescribed the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine?
1. Avoid Grapefruit juice 2. Change positions slowly 3. Report peripheral edema
Regular insulin peaks in
2-5 hours
Which intervention will the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient being treated with lithium for bipolar disorder? A. Monitoring blood levels B. Assessing for slurred speech C. Evaluating I&Os D. Instructing pt. to limit caffeine intake E. Advising the client to use reliable birth control
A. Monitoring blood levels B. Assessing for slurred speech C. Evaluating I&Os D. Instructing pt. to limit caffeine intake E. Advising the client to use reliable birth control
what lab values are important to monitor in pts. who take zidovudine?
CBC
What med would the HCP prescribe to treat the acute attack of gout and prevent future attacks?
Colchicine
Which are s/sx of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Diaphoresis, hyperrigidity, hyperthermia
Which alteration is likely the cause of thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm) in a client who has had treatment propythiouracil for hyperthyroidism followed by thyroid ablation using Iodine 131?
Excessive hormone replacement
What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil
What is the purpose of serving an evening snack to a pt. when administering their NPH insulin?
Food to counteract late insulin activity
MOA of ranitidine
H2 blocker
Which common side effects will a nurse monitor for in a patient with AIDS that is prescribed pentamidine for a protozoal infection?
Hypoglycemia, decreased BP
Metformin and iodine based contrast dye
Metformin must be held for 24-48 hours before being administered iodine based contrast dye, because they can interact and cause lactic acidosis
Which important teaching intervention should be included in a care plan when educating a patient on TPN through a central line?
Place the patient in a supine position before changing the tubing to decrease pressure in the vena cava, which helps prevent an air embolus when the catheter is disconnected
Main withdrawal symptoms of abruptly stopping barbiturates?
Seizures
Which condition is contraindicated for St.John's Wort therapy?
Seizures
What rational explains why IV Potassium is prescribed in addition to regular insulin for patients in diabetic ketoacidosis?
Serum potassium levels will decrease as potassium ions shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
Which response to fludrocortisone will the nurse teach the client with adrenal insufficiency to report? a. edema b. rapid weight gain c. fatigue in the afternoon d. unpredictable changes in mood e. increased frequency of urination
a. edema b. rapid weight gain
What nutrition advice would a nurse give to a patient who came into the hospital for a TIA related to hypertension, who was placed on Chlorothiazide?
eat more dark, leafy green vegetables like spinach
Which dieuretic would be prescribed to a pt. admitted with mild pulmonary edema?
furosemide
The nurse sees that the pts. blood lithium level is 1.8 mEq/L. What action should the nurse take?
hold the medication and contact the HCP, as the lithium level indcates lithium toxicity Lithium levels should be between 0.5-1.5 mEq/L
what adverse effect would a nurse monitor for in a pt. with cirrhosis who develops ascites and is prescribed spironolactone?
hyperkalemia
What complication can occur if a pt. receiving isocarboxazid fails to adhere to necessary dietary restrictions?
hypertensive crisis- must avoid foods with high levels of tyramine
What medications increase the risk of GI bleeds?
ibuprofen, aspirin, methylprednisolone