Pharmacology QUIZ 1

onset of action

concentration of a drug is sufficient to start a pharmacologic response

drug therapy

control of psychological disorders through the use of drugs

Which route of administration has the fastest rate of distribution? a. Subcutaneous b. Intramuscular c. Transcutaneous d. Intravenous

d. Intravenous

therapeutic method approaches to treat illnesses

diet therapy drug therapy physiotherapy psychotherapy

Absorption rate depends on:

route, blood flow, and solubility of the drug

metabolism

the process whereby the body inactivates drugs. primary organ of metabolism is the liver and other sores are GI tract and lungs

physiotherapy

treatment of disease and injury by physical means using light, heat, cold, water, electricity, massage, and exercise

Enteral drug administration

via the gastrointestinal tract by the oral, recital, or nasogastric routes

Schedule 5 drugs

prescription not required. Ex. Lomotil, Virtussin AC.

diet therapy

treatment with diet (e.g., a low-salt diet for patients with cardiovascular disease)

Parenteral drug administration

using subcutaneous, IM, and intravenous injection

Different route of medicine administration.

· Enteral - GI tract, oral, rectal, NGT · Parenteral - IM, IV, subcutaneous · Percutaneous- through the skin and mucous membranes, sublingual (under the tongue), inhalation, or topical medication

Schedule 4 drugs

• Lower abuse potential than schedule 3 drugs • Limited physical or psychological dependence Ex. diazepam, phenobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, temazepam

Sources for prescription and nonprescription drugs

• Package inserts • Nursing journals

if you give meds to the pt. for the first time and you notice itchiness, first action?

- call/notify doctor/provider and monitor pt.

Main role/ function of FDA

- empowered by federal law to generically name a drug for human use.

Legislation authorizes the FDA to determine safety of the drug before marketing.

- federal law

Which drug schedule indicates drugs with the highest risk for abuse? A. Schedule I B. Schedule II C. Schedule III D. Schedule IV E. Schedule V

A. Schedule I

What is the correct order that drugs pass through the body?

ADME Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion/Elimination

chemical name of drug

Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure

Drug Level

Determines the amount of drug present

Schedule 2 drugs

High potential for abuse may lead to psychological or physical dependence. No refills. EX. Ritalin, Vicodin, Lortab, Norco, Percodan, Adderall.

Schedule 1 drugs

Highest potential for abuse, no therapeutic use, (Heroine marijuana LSD)

Distribution

Transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action. Organs with largest blood supply receive the distributed drug most rapidly

peak action

a drug reaches the highest concentration

brand-name drug

a drug with a registered name or trademark

Computer-controlled medication dispensing systems are being used in many hospitals. Which statement about this type of system is true? a. It is a safer way to dispense controlled medications. b. It eliminates the need for the pharmacist to be involved. c. It is more costly to operate in dispensing drugs than distributing to floor stock. d. It is a less efficient means to control access to and distribute narcotics.

a. It is a safer way to dispense controlled medications.

half-life

amount of time required for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from the body.

idiosyncratic action

an unexpected effect produced by a drug in a given individual for the first time

A patient reports postoperative pain, and the nurse administers morphine (a narcotic analgesic) intravenously to ease the pain. Fifteen minutes later, the nurse notes that the patient is very drowsy, respirations are slow and shallow, and oxygen saturation is low. The nurse administers another drug that decreases the action of the morphine. What is this effect called?a. Displacement b. Antagonistic c. Interference d. Synergistic

b. Antagonistic

The nurse is making rounds with a patient's physician when the physician gives the nurse a verbal order for a routine medication. What does the nurse do next? a. Enters the order when the nurse returns to the desk after rounds to chart b. Refuses the order c. Does not follow the order because it is not official d. Obtains the chart and asks the physician to enter the order

b. Refuses the order

When applying a topical nitroglycerin ointment to a patient, what must the nurse be sure to do?a. Massage it thoroughly into the skin. b. Squeeze it onto the applicator paper and place it on the skin. c. Apply it to the medial aspect of the thigh. d. Shave the skin before application.

b. Squeeze it onto the applicator paper and place it on the skin.

Due to the decreased protein-binding capacity in preterm infants, what adjustment in dosage of protein-binding drugs would need to made? a. The dosage should be decreased. b. The dosage should be increased. c. The dosage should be kept at the same level. d. Protein-binding drugs are not administered to infants.

b. The dosage should be increased.

Which medication is not appropriate to administer via an NG feeding tube? a) Scored tablet b) Suspension c) Enteric-coated tablet d) Elixir

c) Enteric-coated tablet

A nurse working on a busy unit is passing the medication room when another nurse approaches, states she is needed in another room, and asks for help administering medications to her patients. She hands the nurse two syringes and three unit-dose tablets and says they are for the patient in room 386. What does the nurse do next? a) Takes the medications and proceeds to administer them to the patient in room 386 b) Refuses to administer the medications c) Offers to take care of the other patient situation and has the nurse administer her own medications d) Reports the situation to the charge nurse of the unit

c) Offers to take care of the other patient situation and has the nurse administer her own medications

How many years on average does it take for a drug to be brought to market from the time of its conception? a. 2 to 3 b. 4 to 7 c. 8 to 15 d. 12 to 18

c. 8 to 15

A patient is being started on a new drug that has been used safely by many people for years. The patient has no known allergies, and the nurse administers the drug correctly. Suddenly the patient experiences cardiac arrest. What is this type of reaction called? a. Allergic b. Mutagenic c. Idiosyncratic d. Therapeutic

c. Idiosyncratic

Which patient has the greatest percentage of body water? a. Older adult b. Middle-aged person c. Infant d. Toddler

c. Infant

The nurse receives the following order: Tylenol #3 1 tablet as needed for incisional pain. This is an example of which kind of order? a. Standing b. Routine c. PRN d. Stat

c. PRN

It is important to maintain therapeutic levels of drugs to avoid the complications of being over- or undermedicated. If a drug level of 0.5 to 2 ng/mL is considered therapeutic, a drug level of 0.45 ng/mL is considered to be what? a. Toxic b. Therapeutic c. Subtherapeutic D. Tolerant

c. Subtherapeutic

Absoprtion

drug is transferred from entry site into the body's circulating fluids

liberation

drug released from dosage form and is dissolved in bodily fluids; process of converting oral drug can be influenced by food and water in the stomach

excretion

elimination of drug metabolites and some of the active drug from the body. kidneys are the major organ of excretion, some excreted in feces

Schedule 3 Drugs

high potential but less than schedule 1& 2. No more than 5 refills in 6 mos. Ex. aspirin, codeine, Florinal, Tylenol

duration of action

how long the drug has a pharmacological effect

Psychotherapy

identify stressors and methods to eliminate or reduce

generic-name drug

or common name, not capitalized and simpler form

Route when giving a topic solution/ ointment

percutaneous

study of the mathematical relationship of ADME . All drugs are processed in the body through _____________

pharmacokinetics

Percutaneous drug administration

absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes or inhalation, topical, sublingual

Which name(s) of a drug should the nurse use when teaching a patient with a new prescription? a. Trade b. Generic and trade c. Generic and chemical d. Official

b. generic and trade

Which entity is responsible for monitoring drug safety in the United States? a. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) b. Department of Justice (DOJ) c. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) d. World Health Organization (WHO)

c. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

The nurse is preparing a patient for discharge after a surgical procedure. Which method is best for teaching the patient about his or her prescribed drugs? a. Prescription blank handwritten by the physician b. Magazine ads featuring the prescribed medications c. Verbal explanations along with drug summary sheets d. Unit-dose packages from this morning's medications

c. Verbal explanations along with drug summary sheets

Which source of information is best for the nurse to obtain drug information? a) Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) b) Nursing journals c)United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF) d) Electronic databases

d) Electronic databases

Which form of medication is more easily administered for a toddler who requires a course of antibiotics? a. Enteric b. Capsules c. Tablets d. Liquid

d. Liquid

Nicotine can be administered by which delivery system for an antismoking program? a. Intravenously b. Sublingually c. Enterally d. Transdermally

d. Transdermally