Pharmacology Reproduction System Quiz
By about which day in the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur? 28 5 14 21
14 -Ovulation occurs by about day 14 of the menstrual cycle.
After puberty, secondary male sexual characteristics can be maintained by: estrogens. androgens. luteinizing hormone. follicle-stimulating hormone.
ANDROGENS -Testosterone is required for the development of secondary male sex characteristics. However, once developed, these characteristics can be maintained by the androgens from the adrenal gland.
What would a nurse attribute to estrogen? Increased appetite Increased body temperature Breast growth Thickened cervical mucus
Breast Growth -Although progesterone plays a role in breast growth to prepare for lactation, estrogen plays a major role in breast growth overall.
When describing the process of fertilization, the nurse would explain that it normally occurs in which structure? Cervix Endometrium Fallopian tube Vagina
FALLOPIAN TUBE -Fertilization normally occurs in the fallopian tube. Once fertilized the ovum proceeds down the uterus and attaches itself in the endometrium. The vagina and cervix are not involved in fertilization.
A postmenopausal woman is receiving raloxifene as part of a treatment plan for osteoporosis. The nurse would instruct the patient that this drug is administered by which route? Intravaginal Intramuscular Oral Transdermal
Intramuscular -aloxifene is administered only by the oral route.
Which cells in the testes produce testosterone? B-cells T-cells Sertoli cells Leydig cells
LEYDIG CELLS -The interstitial or Leydig cells produce testosterone.
Regular monthly menstrual cycles cease at the time of: menstruation. menarche. menses. menorrhea. menopause.
MENOPAUSE Regular monthly menstrual cycles cease at the time of menopause.
A postmenopausal woman is administered estradiol for the purpose of preventing which condition? Endometriosis Osteoporosis Amenorrhea Uterine cancer
Osteoporosis -Conjugated estrogens are used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
When stimulation levels off during the human sexual response, the person is said to be in which of the following phases? Resolution Plateau Climax Stimulation
Plateau -The plateau stage is the second phase of the human sexual response. During this stage, stimulation, which is the first phase of the response, levels off. The plateau is followed by climax and then resolution.
Which hormone is involved if a couple engages in the rhythm method of birth control? Progesterone Estriol Estrone Estradiol
Progesterone -Progesterone's effects on body temperature are monitored in the rhythm method of birth control to indicate that ovulation has occurred.
A patient is receiving estrogen therapy. What would the nurse instruct the patient to report immediately? Weight gain Abdominal bloating Shortness of breath Dizziness
Shortness of breath -Estrogens are associated with the development of thrombi and emboli. Reports of shortness of breath may indicate a possible pulmonary embolism necessitating emergency treatment.
A new client telephones the clinic requesting a renewal prescription for contraceptives she has been taking for 4 years. It has been more than a year since her last health care visit, but she is unable to come into the clinic until next month. She insists she is "doing fine" on this medication and must have her prescription now. Considering the circumstances and related safety issues, how should the clinic nurse respond? A. "If you have a physical within 2 years, I can get your medication refilled." B. "Before estrogen based drugs are prescribed, you must see the health care provider to get an order for a mammogram." C. "Since you are doing well on this regimen, I'll arrange to get the prescription filled for a month to last until your clinic appointment." D. "Before the drugs are prescribed, a complete medical history, physical examination, Pap test, urinalysis, and weight and blood pressure measurements are recommended."
D. "Before the drugs are prescribed, a complete medical history, physical examination, Pap test, urinalysis, and weight and blood pressure measurements are recommended." -Because estrogens, progestins, and hormonal contraceptives are often taken for years and may cause adverse reactions, clients taking these drugs need continued supervision by a health care provider. Before the drugs are prescribed, a complete medical history; a physical examination including breast and pelvic examinations and a Pap test; urinalysis; and weight and blood pressure measurements are recommended. These examinations should be repeated at least annually if the client is taking the drugs.
The nurse is caring for a client who has cancer and who until recently took estrogen. The nurse knows that estrogen may have increased the risk of development of which types of cancer? (Select all that apply.) Melanoma Lung cancer Brain cancer Breast cancer Endometrial cancer
Breast cancer Endometrial cancer
What would castration prior to puberty result in? (Select all that apply.) A. Viable sperm production B. Increased testosterone production C. Sterility D. Failure to develop normal male characteristics E. All the above
C. Sterility D. Failure to develop normal male characteristics
A nurse is obtaining a history from an older adult woman. During the interview, the woman states, "When I feel like I have to urinate, the urge is really strong and I go to the bathroom really frequently, often waking up several times during the night to go." The nurse would likely identify this as which condition? overactive bladder syndrome stress incontinence neurogenic bladder urge incontinence
overactive bladder syndrome -Overactive bladder syndrome involves conditions of urgency, frequency, and nocturia, with or without incontinence. Stress incontinence involves losing urine without meaning to during physical activity.
A 20-year-old woman will soon begin taking oral contraceptives for the first time. What advice should the nurse provide to this client? A. "Make sure to seek care quickly if you experience bad headaches, calf pain, or changes in vision." B. "Some women get some pain in their chest or abdomen when they take oral contraceptives, but this will pass as your body gets used to them." C. "It will take 10 to 12 weeks before the birth control pills will actually prevent pregnancy, so be vigilant with other contraceptives until then." D. "You need to carefully consider whether you might want to get pregnant later in your life."
A. "Make sure to seek care quickly if you experience bad headaches, calf pain, or changes in vision." -An important nursing intervention is teaching about signs and symptoms of potential complications of estrogen and progestin contraceptives. These may include headaches, vision changes or pain in the calves, abdomen or chest and should be reported promptly.
A nurse caring for a 43-year-old client explains to the client that ovarian functions gradually decrease around this age. What is the implication of decreased ovarian function? A. Susceptibility to fractures B. Inability to become pregnant C. Changes in sexual response D. Increases the risk of heart disease
B. Inability to become pregnant -Because of the decrease in ovarian functions, the client loses the ability to become pregnant.
A woman of childbearing age is diagnosed with breast cancer. She is currently taking hormonal contraceptives. What information should the woman be given regarding the hormonal contraceptives? A. The hormonal contraceptives will stimulate uterine bleeding. B. The hormonal contraceptives will stimulate tumor growth. C. The hormonal contraceptives do not affect the course of the disease. D. The hormonal contraceptives will impair uterine bleeding.
B. The hormonal contraceptives will stimulate tumor growth. -With known or suspected cancers of the breast or genital tissues, hormonal contraceptives may stimulate tumor growth. The hormonal contraceptives should be discontinued due to adverse reactions and stimulated tumor growth.
A female client asks the nurse about the use of progestins. The nurse shares with the client that clients who take this medication are at an increased risk for what serious adverse effect? Respiratory difficulties Cardiovascular complications Seizures Renal failure
Cardiovascular complications -Clients who use progestins are at an increased risk for cardiovascular complications. This adverse effect is similar for both estrogens and progestins.
Surgical castration is part of a patient's prostate cancer treatment. The patient asks what physical changes he can expect because of this surgery. Since the patient is well past puberty, the nurse tells the patient that he should maintain his previous testosterone related changes and he can expect to: A. develop a wide and flat pelvis. B. begin to grow taller. C. lose his facial hair. D. maintain his deep voice.
D. Maintain his deep voice. -The rise of testosterone in males at puberty results in thickening of the skin, a deeper voice, development of facial hair, and closure of the epiphyses.
The anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing the action of endogenous estrogen on the body. What effect would the instructor tell the students estrogen has on breast tissue in the body? A. Restricts deposition of fat to abdomen and thighs B. Depresses formation of connective tissue during the 3rd decade of life C. Supports development of the placenta D. Stimulates construction of milk ducts
D. Stimulates construction of milk ducts -Estrogens are important for the development of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.
During anatomy class, the students learn that what structure in the body is a muscular tube with a ciliated lining that is constantly moving? Epididymis Seminiferous tubules Follicles Fallopian tube
Fallopian Tube -The fallopian tube is a muscular tube with a ciliated lining that is constantly moving.
A nurse is caring for a client who is at 28 weeks' gestation and is receiving terbutaline (Brethine) to control preterm labor. Which assessment parameters should the nurse prioritize? Fetal heart rate (FHR) Correct fetal position Fetal blood pressure Maternal body temperature
Fetal heart rate (FHR) -When a client is taking terbutaline, the nurse should closely monitor the maternal heart rate, the FHR, and the maternal blood pressure and fluid status.
When reviewing the history of a patient, which would the nurse identify as a contraindication for the use of progestins? Asthma Epilepsy Migraine headaches Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease -Progestins are contraindicated in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease because progestins affect the vasculature of the uterus.
During fetal development, the descent of the testes into what structure helps prevent injury to the sperm-producing cells? Urethra Vas deferens Epididymis Scrotum
SCROTUM -During fetal development, the testes migrate down the abdomen and descend into the scrotum outside the body. There they are protected from the heat of the body to prevent injury to the sperm-producing cells.
Which structure is responsible for producing sperm? Prostate gland Seminiferous tubules Vas deferens Leydig cells
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES -The seminiferous tubules produce sperm. The Leydig cells produce testosterone. The vas deferens stores the produced sperm and carries it from the testes for ejaculation. The prostate gland produces enzymes to stimulate sperm maturation and lubricating fluid.
What factor might influence the release of the hormones necessary for the human reproductive cycle? Stress Humidity Heat Cold
STRESS -Because of its position in the brain, the hypothalamus is influenced by many internal and external factors. For example, high levels of stress can interrupt the reproductive cycle.
The nurse is teaching a health education class on male reproductive anatomy and asks the students to identify the site of sperm production. Which structure, if identified by the group, would indicate to the nurse that the teaching was successful? Scrotum Prostate gland Seminal vesicles Testes
TESTES -The testes are responsible for sperm production. The seminal vesicles produce nutrient seminal fluid. The scrotum surrounds and protects the testes. The prostate gland and the seminal vesicles produce fluid to nourish the sperm.
While monitoring a woman who is receiving IV oxytocin for induction of labor, what event would cause the nurse to contact the health care provider immediately? The uterine contractions are occurring every 90 seconds. The client's pulse is 90. The fetal heart rate is between 136 and 159. The client's blood pressure is 109/68.
The uterine contractions are occurring every 90 seconds. -The health care provider should be notified immediately if there is a marked change in the frequency, rate, or rhythm of uterine contractions; uterine contractions that last more than 60 seconds; and contractions occurring more frequently than every 2-3 minutes
After teaching a group of adolescent girls about female reproductive development, the nurse determines that teaching was successful when the girls state that menarche is defined as a woman's first: sign of breast development. full hormonal cycle. menstrual period. sexual experience.
menstrual period. -Menarche is defined as the establishment of menstruation. It does not refer to the woman's first sexual experience, full hormonal cycle, or sign of breast development.
A female client tells the nurse that she has been experiencing a strong and sudden desire to urinate and often cannot make it to the bathroom. The client also tells the nurse that she has to urinate all day and "many times" at night. The nurse suspects: vaginal prolapse. overactive bladder. cystitis. enlarged prostate.
overactive bladder. -Symptoms of an overactive bladder include urinary urgency or a strong and sudden desire to urinate, frequent urination throughout the day and night, and urge incontinence.
A nurse is taking care of a woman receiving an abortifacient. The nurse is aware that the most serious adverse effect is: vomiting. vaginal bleeding. diaphoresis. skin rash.
vaginal bleeding. -All of the options are adverse effects of abortifacients. However, the most serious adverse effect would be vaginal bleeding, which could indicate a perforated uterus or uterine rupture. A perforated uterus or uterine rupture can be life threatening and emergency measures must be taken by the nurse.
When explaining the potentially harmful effects of anabolic steroid abuse, the nurse should stress which related fact? Abuse of anabolic steroids can result in addiction. Endocrinologist should be involved in the care of anyone taking anabolic steroids. Anabolic steroids have been shown to be no more effective than a placebo. Anabolic steroids increase muscle size with no commensurate increase in strength.
Abuse of anabolic steroids can result in addiction. Anabolic steroid abuse is associated with a wide variety of harmful effects, including addiction. The drugs increase muscle strength and size. Health care professionals do not facilitate the use of anabolic steroids for performance-enhancing purposes.
During pregnancy, what becomes a massive endocrine gland? Uterus Placenta Umbilical cord Embryo
Placenta -The placenta serves as a massive endocrine gland during pregnancy, maintaining high levels of estrogen and progesterone to support the uterus and developing fetus.
Castration involves the removal of what structure of the male reproductive system? Testes Epididymis Prostate gland Vas deferens
Testes -Castration is the removal of the testes. The term is not used to identify the removal of any of the other options.
On the advice of her sister, a 52-year-old woman has visited her nurse practitioner to discuss the potential benefits of hormone replacement therapy in controlling the symptoms of menopause. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A. "We'll have to check your bone density first, because if it's too low then it's not safe to start HRT." B. "It's important to balance the possible benefits of HRT with the fact that it might increase your risk of heart disease and stroke" C. "Actually, most of the current research is suggesting that HRT may not be all that effective in treating the symptoms of menopause." D. "HRT might be quite beneficial to you, and it carries the additional benefit of modest protection against breast cancer."
B. "It's important to balance the possible benefits of HRT with the fact that it might increase your risk of heart disease and stroke" -Research from the WHI trial indicates that estrogen given to postmenopausal women in combination with progestin significantly increases the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). HRT is associated with increased, not decreased, risk of breast cancer and it may complicate early diagnosis of the disease. HRT does not exacerbate low bone density or constitute a risk factor for osteoporosis.
A woman who is at 31 weeks' gestation comes to the clinic in labor. The health care provider decides to use terbutaline therapy before transferring the woman to the hospital. The client is upset and confused and asks the nurse why she can't just have the baby, that it's only 5 weeks early. An appropriate response by the nurse should be: A. "The drug that you are being given will prevent and control postpartum bleeding." B. "This drug helps induce uterine contractions and milk ejection for breast-feeding." C. "The drug provides sufficient time for other medications to be given to improve your baby's outcome." D. "This drug will make your delivery in a few days less painful."
C. "The drug provides sufficient time for other medications to be given to improve your baby's outcome." -Delivery can be delayed with the use of a tocolytic. This delay provides sufficient time to transfer the client to an acute care facility or administer essential drugs such as corticosteroids. Corticosteroids reduce the risk of neonatal death as a result of respiratory distress syndrome. Delaying the delivery does not ensure a painless delivery. Oxytocin is administered to induce uterine contractions and mild ejection for breast-feeding and to prevent and control postpartum hemorrhage if the drug is administered via IV infusion or IM injection.
When considering serious adverse effects, oral contraceptive use would most likely be contraindicated in which client? A. a 20-year-old client who has a family history of hypofunction of the pituitary gland B. a 25-year-old client whose mother died of pancreatic cancer C. a 38-year-old client who smokes 1 to 1½ packs of cigarettes per day D. a 40-year-old client who is taking a cholesterol-lowering medication
C. a 38-year-old client who smokes 1 to 1½ packs of cigarettes per day -Thromboembolic disorders are most likely to occur in women older than 35 years of age who take oral contraceptives and smoke cigarettes, postmenopausal women taking long-term estrogen and progestin therapy, and men or women who receive large doses of estrogens for cancer treatment.
If pregnancy does not occur during the menstrual cycle, the corpus luteum involutes and becomes the: corpus albicans. menarche. Graafian follicle. maturing follicle.
Corpus Albicans -If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum involutes and becomes a white scar on the ovary. This scar is called the corpus albicans.
A group of students are reviewing material in preparation for a test on the male and female breasts. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they state: A. Striated muscle in the nipples contract causing them to become erect. B. Progesterone is primarily responsible for the growth of breast tissue. C. The breasts contain a limited supply of blood vessels. D. A primary function of the female breast is to produce milk.
D. A primary function of the female breast is to produce milk. -A primary function of the female breast is to produce milk, a process called lactation.
Which statements indicate that a client understands the need for a follow-up after the initial injection of medroxyprogesterone? "I know that this injection is good for 1 year." "I know that this injection lasts for 3 months." "I know that I do not need to worry about STDs after getting this injection." "I know that I will need to return in 6 months for another injection."
"I know that this injection lasts for 3 months." Long-acting progestin contraceptive preparations such as the intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone last 3 months per injection; intrauterine progesterone lasts 1 year; and levonorgestrel subcutaneous implants last 5 years.
A nurse is caring for a 25-year-old clinic client who is starting on birth control pills. What statement by the client indicates that she needs further teaching? A. "I will monitor my weight and have my blood pressure checked in 3 months." B. "I will exercise more if I experience chest or leg pain." C. "I know my nausea is common, but it should subside in a few weeks." D. "I may gain or lose weight while I am taking these pills."
D. "I may gain or lose weight while I am taking these pills." -Chest or leg pain may be indicative of a thrombus, and medical care should be sought immediately.
When the nurse is interviewing an adolescent, the patient states that she experienced her first menstrual cycle at age 11. The nurse documents this as: Menarche Menstruation Puberty Ovulation
Menarche -Menarche refers to the onset of the first menstrual cycle.
A group of students are reviewing information about the menstrual cycle. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify what as the onset of the menstrual cycle? Menarche Puberty Menopause Andropause
Menarche -The onset of the menstrual cycle at puberty is called menarche.
After teaching a patient who is prescribed estradiol vaginal cream, the nurse determines that the patient has understood the instructions when she states that she will administer the medication at which frequency? Once every other day Once a week Once a month Once a day
Once a day -Intravaginal estradiol is administered every day.
Which phase of the human sexual response results from massive sympathetic stimulation? Climax Resolution Plateau Stimulation
Plateau -The plateau stage is the second phase of the human sexual response. During this stage, stimulation, which is the first phase of the response, levels off. The plateau is followed by climax and then resolution.
Which is an adverse effect caused by all uterine stimulants because of their antidiuretic effect? polydipsia water intoxication hypotension dehydration
Water intoxication is an adverse effect caused by all uterine stimulants because of their antidiuretic effect.
A client diagnosed with erectile dysfunction has been advised to take sildenafil. For up to how many hours does the action of the drug persist? 4 hours 24 hours 8 hours 12 hours
4 HOURS -The action of sildenafil persists for 4 hours. The duration of the drug is from 30 minutes to 4 hours before sexual activity. Medical attention should be sought for erections sustained for more than 4 hours. The action of the drug does not persist for 8, 12, or 24 hours.
A client has returned to the health care provider's office for follow up after receiving estrogen for symptoms of menopause. Which question should be included in the follow up? A. "Can you describe in detail the difference in how you are feeling today and the last visit?" B. "Tell me about your sexual interactions with your partner." C. "Do you feel that the medication is working?" D. "Do you think you are better than before?"
A. "Can you describe in detail the difference in how you are feeling today and the last visit?" -A leading question should be asked to compare her original symptoms to the symptoms she is experiencing. The nurse would like the client to describe in detail.
The pubescent girl exhibits many changes as a result of estrogen production. Her mother asks the nurse what secondary sexual characteristics to look for in her daughter. What is the best information for the nurse to provide to the mother about secondary sexual characteristics? (Select all that apply.) A. Breast development B. Spinal curvature C. Pubic and axillary hair D. Wider hip structure E. Lower percentage of body fat tissue
A. Breast development C. Pubic and axillary hair D. Wider hip structure
What would a nurse attribute to estrogen? Breast growth Increased appetite Thickened cervical mucus Increased body temperature
BREAST GROWTH- -Although progesterone plays a role in breast growth to prepare for lactation, estrogen plays a major role in breast growth overall. Progesterone is responsible for thickened cervical mucus, increased body temperature, and increased appetite.
The nurse is reviewing the functions of the ovaries, uterus, clitoris, and vagina with a group of nursing students. What would be the best response by a nursing student about the function of the uterus? A. Produces female gametes or ova and secretes female sex hormones B. Small erectile structure that responds to sexual stimulation C. Receives sperm, provides an exit for menstrual flow, and serves as the birth canal D. Receives the fertilized ovum and provides housing and nourishment for a fetus
D. Receives the fertilized ovum and provides housing and nourishment for a fetus -The uterus's functions are to receive the fertilized ovum and provide housing and nourishment for a fetus.
Estropipate is sometimes administered to postmenopausal women to prevent which condition? Endometriosis Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Uterine cancer Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis -Estropipate and other estrogens are sometimes prescribed to postmenopausal women to prevent or treat osteoporosis associated with hormone deficiency. However, given the potentially significant risks associated with hormone replacement therapy, this use is not currently considered a first-line treatment.
A 31-year-old pregnant woman has been prescribed administration of a tocolytic drug. During which period is a tocolytic drug usually administered? Pre-term labor Postpartum Antepartum Second stage of labor
Pre-term Labor -Drugs used to prevent uterine contractions are called tocolytics. They are useful in the management of pre-term labor. These drugs will decrease uterine activity and prolong the pregnancy to allow the fetus to develop more fully, thereby increasing the chance of neonatal survival. Oxytocic drugs are used antepartum (before birth of the neonate) to induce uterine contractions and initiate or augment labor. In the postpartum period and during the second stage of normal labor, the tocolytics are not of any importance.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has been administered menotropins by the intramuscular route for the secretion of sex hormones. The patient reports pain after the drug is injected. Which intervention should the nurse perform for the patient? Observe the skin daily for localized signs of infection. Rotate sites and examine previous sites for redness. Report any sore throat, cough, or fever. Instruct the patient about proper injection technique.
Rotate sites and examine previous sites for redness.
When caring for a postpartum patient who is receiving oxytocin intranasally, the nurse understands what is the action of oxytocin? Has a diuretic effect Stimulates the milk ejection reflex Controls antepartum bleeding Anti-stimulating properties on the uterus
Stimulates the milk ejection reflex -Oxytocin, when administered intranasally, stimulates the milk ejection (milk letdown) reflex.
The human sexual response involves the activation of which system? Urinary system Endocrine system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system -The human sexual response involves activation of the sympathetic nervous system to allow a four-phase response: stimulation, plateau, climax, and resolution.
A 20-year-old woman has been prescribed estrogen. As with all women taking estrogen, the nurse will carefully monitor the client for: cardiovascular complications. a decrease in secondary sexual characteristics. decreased libido. early epiphyseal closure.
cardiovascular complications. -Women taking estrogen are at an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, along with ovarian and breast cancer.
The nurse monitors a patient receiving oxytocin for water intoxication based on the understanding that this condition is the result of: effects secondary to ergotism. release of antidiuretic hormone. blockage of estrogen receptor sites. stimulation of the neuroreceptor sites.
release of antidiuretic hormone. -Oxytocin can cause severe water intoxication, which is thought to occur because of related effects of antidiuretic hormone, which may be released in response to oxytocin activity. Oxytocin does stimulate neuroreceptor sites but this is not the reason for the development of water intoxication.
