Pharmacology Semester 3 Midterm 2
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin radioactive iodine-131 (Iodotope) to treat Graves' disease. Which of the following instructions should the health care professional include when talking with the patient about the drug? a. Take the drug once daily for 5 days. b. Expect a bitter, acid-like taste. c. Restrict fluid intake after taking the drug. d. Expect full effects in 2-3 months.
Expect full effects in 2-3 months.
In type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin receptors in the target tissues have become _______ to the hormone. a. Unresponsive b. Responsive
Unresponsive
The patient has been started on desmopressin (DDAVP). The nurse understands the medication is effective when the patient's: a. Urinary output increases. b. Blood pressure falls below 90/60 mmHg. c. Blood sugar is between 80-120 mg/dL. d. Urinary output decreases.
Urinary output decreases.
To determine the effectiveness of desmopressin (DDVAP), a health care professional should monitor a patient's: a. Peripheral pulses b. Urine output c. Skin integrity d. Blood glucose
Urine output
True or false: Numerous drugs are employed to soothe the patient whit psoriasis, including emollients, topical corticosteroids, and immunosuppressant medications.
True
True or false: The predominant form of drug therapy for sunburn and minor irritation is the application of local anesthetics.
True
True or false: The principle action of tretinoin (Avita, Retin-A, others) is the regulation of skin growth and turnover.
True
True or false: Topical corticosteroids are the most effective treatment for symptoms of dermatitis.
True
________ previously called juvenile-onset diabetes, is one of the most common diseases of childhood. a. Type 1 diabetes b. Type 2 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
True or false: An important component of therapy for lice involves removing nits.
True
Open comedones a. Blackheads b. White heads c. Intense itching d. Redness e. "First-degree" injury
Blackheads
True or false: Biologic response modifiers are administered to boost natural immune responses.
True
What drug is used as a local anesthetic and an antidysrhythmic? a. Warfarin (Coumadin) b. Propranolol (Inderal) c. Infliximab (Remicade) d. Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
True or false: Most acne drugs act by slowing down the turnover of skin cells, especially those surrounding pore openings.
True
The patient has been on methylprednisolone (Medrol) for an exacerbation of asthma. Which of the following instructions to the patient is highest priority? a. "This medication may cause weight gain." b. "Do not stop taking this medication abruptly." c. "This medication can cause sleepiness." d. "This medication may cause restlessness."
"Do not stop taking this medication abruptly."
Suburn a. Blackheads b. White heads c. Intense itching d. Redness e. "First-degree" injury
"First-degree" injury
The nurse is evaluating the patient's knowledge about the use and effects of insulin, which of the following statements indicates that the patient needs additional information? a. "If I experience hypoglycemia, I should drink half a cup of apple juice." b. "My insulin needs may increase when I have an infection." c. "I must draw the NPH insulin first if I'm mixing it with regular insulin." d. "If my blood glucose levels are above 140 mg/dL, I should notify the health care provider."
"I must draw the NPH insulin first if I'm mixing it with regular insulin."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client prescribed tetracycline to treat a GI infection caused by Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following client statements indicates understanding of the teaching? a. "I will take this medication with a full glass of milk." b. "I will let my doctor know if I start having diarrhea." c. "I can stop taking this medication when I feel completely well." d. "I can take this medication just before bedtime."
"I will let my doctor know if I start having diarrhea."
Which of the following statements by a patient taking cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) would indicate the need for more information? a. "I will report any reduction in urine output to my HCP." b. "I will wash my hands frequently." c. "I will take my blood pressure at home every day." d. "I will take my cyclosporine at breakfast with grapefruit juice."
"I will take my cyclosporine at breakfast with grapefruit juice."
A client asks a nurse why she is taking propranolol (Inderal) along with her therapy for hyperthyroidism. Which of the following replies by the nurse is appropriate? a. "Propranolol helps increase blood flow to your thyroid gland." b. "Propranolol is used to prevent excess glucose in your blood." c. "Propranolol will decrease your tremors and fast heart beat." d. "Propranolol promotes conversion of T4 & T3 in your body."
"Propranolol will decrease your tremors and fast heart beat."
The physician has ordered oprelvekin (Numega) for a patient who has just had chemotherapy. The patient asks the nurse why she needs this drug. The nurse responds: a. "You are being given this drug to suppress your immune system because you are having a hypersensitivity reaction." b. "You are being given this drug to help reduce any inflammation response you may develop." c. "You are being given this drug because it acts as an antiviral, helping to reduce infection." d. "You are being given this drug to stimulate platelet production."
"You are being given this drug to stimulate platelet production."
The nurse is evaluating drug effects in a patient who has been given interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) for MS. Which of the following are common adverse effects? (Select all that apply) a. Thoughts of suicide b. Hepatotoxicity c. Hypotension d. Depression
-- Thoughts of suicide -- Hepatotoxicity -- Hypotension
A nurse is administering RV, DTaP, Hib, and IPV vaccinations to a 4-month-old infant in an outpatient facility. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? (Select all that apply.) a. Administering any oral vaccine before giving injectable vaccine. b. Administering subcutaneous injections in the anterolateral thigh. c. Administer IM injections in the deltoid muscle. d. Administer infant a pacifier during vaccine injections. e. Instruct parents to administer aspirin prior to the vaccination to prevent inflammation.
--Administering any oral vaccine before giving injectable vaccine. --Administering subcutaneous injections in the anterolateral thigh. --Instruct parents to administer aspirin prior to the vaccination to prevent inflammation.
A nurse is caring for a client who is starting a course of gentamycin IV for serious respiratory infection. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.) a. Drowsiness b. Hematuria c. Muscle weakness d. Difficulty swallowing e. Vertigo
--Hematuria --Muscle weakness --Vertigo
The nurse would question an order for aldesleukin (Proleukin) if the patient had which of the following conditions? (Select all that apply) a. Liver disease b. Metastatic lung cancer c. Metastatic renal cancer d. Metastatic melanoma
--Liver disease --Metastatic lung cancer
A 12-month-old child just received her first measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. For which of the following possible reactions to this vaccine should the nurse teach the parents to monitor? (Select all that apply.) a. Rash b. Redness and discomfort at injection site. c. Bruising on multiple areas of body. d. Fainting e. Inconsolable crying
--Rash --Redness and discomfort at injection site. --Bruising on multiple areas of body.
A health care professional is about to administer enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) to a patient. The health care professional should peform which of the following actions? (Select all that apply) a. Administer the drug subcutaneously. b. Discard unused portions. c. Roll the vial gently to reconstitute the solution. d. Inject the solution at room temperature. e. Expect a cloudy solution.
-Administer the drug subcutaneously. -Roll the vial gently to reconstitute the solution. -Inject the solution at room temperature.
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin imatinib (Gleevec) to treat chronic myeloid leukemia. Which of the following instructions should the health care professional include when talking to the patient about taking the drug? (Select all that apply) a. Clean fruits and vegetables throughly. b. Increase calcium intake. c. Weigh yourself daily. d. Perform hand hygiene frequently. e. Avoid herbal supplements.
-Clean fruits and vegetables throughly. -Weigh yourself daily. -Perform hand hygiene frequently. -Avoid herbal supplements.
A nurse is helping to prepare a teaching plan for a patient who will be discharged on methylprednisolone (Medrol Dosepak) after a significant response to poison ivy. The nurse includes which of the following about adverse effects? (Select all that apply) a. Tinnitus b. Edema c. Visual changes d. Lower abdominal pain
-Edema -Visual changes
The nurse informs a group of patients, newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, that the following factors can influence the amount of insulin needed to control blood glucose levels: (Select all that apply) a. Exercise b. Diet c. Illness d. Sleep
-Exercise -Diet -Illness
A health care professional is about to administer IV paclitaxel (Taxol) to a patient who has ovarian cancer. Which of the following actions should the health care professional take? a. Give the patient an antihistamine b. Infuse the drug over 1 hour. c. Administer the drug through non-PVC tubing. d. Use an in-line filter. e. Add heparin to the paclitaxel solution.
-Give the patient an antihistamine -Administer the drug through non-PVC tubing. -Use an in-line filter.
The patient is using topical corticosteroids. The nurse will need to monitor for which of the following systemic effects of the medications? (Select all that apply) a. Mood changes b. Bone defects c. Liver toxicity d. Adrenal insufficiency
-Mood changes -Bone defects -Adrenal insufficiency
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin maraviroc (Selzentry) therapy. The health care professional should tell the patient to report which of the following adverse effects of the drug? (Select all that apply) a. Paresthesias b. Cough c. Tinnitus d. Jaundice e. Fever
-Paresthesias -Cough -Jaundice -Fever
When talking with a patient who is about to begin receiving cisplatin to treat testicular cancer. The health care professional should tell the patient to report which of the following adverse effects? (Select all that apply) a. Paresthesias b. Sore throat c. Flank pain d. Tinnitus e. Conjunctivitis
-Paresthesias -Sore throat -Flank pain -Tinnitus
An older adult with chronic bronchitis has been taking a low dose of dexamethasone for several months. In order to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, an adverse effect, the nurse informs the patient to: (Select all that apply) a. Perform weight-bearing exercises at least 3-4 times a week. b. Increase dietary intake of calcium and Vitamin D enriched foods. c. Remain sedentary except during periods of exercise. d. Increase fluid intake, including carbonated sodas, but avoid alcohol.
-Perform weight-bearing exercises at least 3-4 times a week. -Increase dietary intake of calcium and Vitamin D enriched foods.
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking somatropin (Gentropin). The health care professional should explain the need to monitor which of the following laboratory tests? (Select all that apply.) a. Blood amylase b. Creatinine clearance c. Urine calcium d. Blood glucose e. CBC
-Urine calcium -Blood glucose
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking mercaptopurine (Purinethol) to treat leukemia. Which of the following instructions should the health care professional include when talking with the patient about the drug? (Select all that apply) a. Use contraception if pregnancy is at risk. b. Perform oral hygiene frequently. c. Avoid activities that require mental alertness. d. Perform hand hygiene frequently. e. Avoid activities that can cause injury.
-Use contraception if pregnancy is at risk. -Perform oral hygiene frequently. -Perform hand hygiene frequently. -Avoid activities that can cause injury.
When talking with a patient about taking fludrocortisone to treat adrenocortical insufficiency, the health care professional should tell the patient to do which of the following to reduce the risk of adverse reactions? (Select all that apply.) a. Weigh yourself daily b. Report weakness or palpitations c. Have your blood pressure checked regularly d. Eat more iron-rich foods e. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice
-Weigh yourself daily -Report weakness or palpitations -Have your blood pressure checked regularly
A health care professional is assessing a patient following a trastuzumab (Herceptin) infusion to treat metastatic breast cancer. Which of the following findings indicates an adverse reaction to the drug? (Select all that apply) a. Wheezing b. Dysrhythmias c. Hypotension d. Fever e. Ascites
-Wheezing -Dysrhythmias -Hypotension -Fever
The physician ordered vasopressin 5 units subcutaneously for a patient. The pharmacy has vasopressin 20 units/ml. How many ml per dose will you administer? a. 0.5 ml b. 0.25 ml c. 0.75 ml d. 1 ml
0.25 ml
A nurse is administering gentamycin by IV infusion at 0900. The gentamicin will take 1 hour to infuse. When should the nurse plan for a peak serum level of gentamicin to be drawn? a. 1000 b. 1030 c. 1100 d. 1130
1030
A patient who is pregnant with her first child is at the clinic for a checkup and an infant care class. An informational pamphlet on immunization has been provided and the nurse begins to review the information with the patient. She informs the patient that the DTap vaccine should be given be given at ages: a. 1 month, 4 months, 12 months, 15-18 months, 4-6 years. b. 2 months, 6 months, 15-18 months, 4-6 years. c. 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months, 4-6 years d. 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months
2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months, 4-6 years
Memory B cells remember the initial antigen interaction and secrete high levels of antibodies in approximately: a. 2-3 hours b. 2-3 days c. 2-3 weeks d. 2-3 months
2-3 days
A nurse is caring for several clients who came to the clinic for a seasonal influenza vaccination. Which of the following clients could receive the vaccine via nasal spray rather than an injection? a. A 1-year-old who no health problem. b. A 17-year-old who has a hypersensitivity to penicillin. c. A 25-year-old who is pregnant. d. A 52-year-old who take a multivitamin supplement.
A 17-year-old who has a hypersensitivity to penicillin.
A nurse is caring for a group of clients who are protected agains varicella. Which of the following clients should receive a varicella vaccination at this time? a. 24-year-old woman in the third trimester of pregnancy b. 3-year-old child who has Wilm's tumor and is receiving chemotherapy c. 2-moth-old infant who has no health problems d. 32-year-old man who has essential hypertension
32-year-old man who has essential hypertension
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is receiving IV carmustine (BiCNU) to treat multiple myeloma. The health care professional should recognize that the patient is at the greatest risk for infection for which of the following lengths of time after infusion? a. 24 hours b. 1 week c. 2 weeks d. 4-6 weeks
4-6 weeks
A patient is to receive the initial infused dose of infliximab (Remicade), 5 mg/kg. The patient weighs 198 pounds. How many milligrams will the patient receive? a. 40 mg b. 90 mg c. 450 mg d. 990 mg
450 mg
A health care professional should question the use of levothyroxine (Synthroid) for a patient who has: a. Bacterial skin infections. b. Diabetes insipidus. c. Immunosuppression. d. A myocardial infarction.
A myocardial infarction.
Azelaic acid (Azelex) a. Scabicide/pediculicide b. Sunburn/minor irritation drug c. Acne and acne-related drug d. Topical corticosteroids e. Psoriatic drug
Acne and acne-related drug
Benzoyl peroxide (BenzaClin) a. Scabicide/pediculicide b. Sunburn/minor irritation drug c. Acne and acne-related drug d. Topical corticosteroids e. Psoriatic drug
Acne and acne-related drug
Sulfacetamide sodium (AK-Sulf) a. Scabicide/pediculicide b. Sunburn/minor irritation drug c. Acne and acne-related drug d. Topical corticosteroids e. Psoriatic drug
Acne and acne-related drug
A patient who is taking metformin (Glucophage) to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus plans to undergo angiography using iodine-containing contrast dye. The health care professional should recognize that an interaction between metformin and the IV contrast dye can increase the patient's risk for which of the following? a. Hypokalemia b. Hyperglycemia c. Acute renal failure d. Acute pancreatitis
Acute renal failure
A nurse is assisting with admitting a client to an acute care facility for a total hip arthroplasty. The client takes hydrocortisone for Addison's disease. Which of the following is the priority nursing action? a. Administering a supplemental dose of hydrocortisone. b. Instructing the client about coughing and deep breathing. c. Collecting addition information from the client about his history of Addison's disease. d. Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter.
Administering a supplemental dose of hydrocortisone.
A health care professional should understand that enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) is an appropriate choice for patients who have which of the following? a. Advanced prostate cancer b. Primary brain tumors c. Advanced HIV disease d. Metastatic ovarian cancer
Advanced HIV disease
Which of the following adverse effects does the nurse recognize when too much insulin has been administered? a. Hypoglycemia b. Tachycardia c. Convulsions d. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following hormones will ultimately result in the release of corticosteroids from the adrenal glands? a. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) b. ACTH c. Falling levels of cortisol d. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following are true regarding hepatitis B vaccine (Recombivax HB)? a. Three doses are needed. b. It is indicated for patients who engage in high-risk sexual activity. c. After administration the body produces antibodies against the virus. d. All of the above are true.
All of the above are true.
Miglitol (Glyset) a. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor b. Biguanide c. Meglitinide d. Sulfonylureas e. Thiazolidinedione (or glitazone)
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Sex hormone a. Thyroid medication b. Antithyroid medication c. Mineralcorticoid d. Glucocorticoid e. Androgen
Androgen
Topical metronidazole (Metrogel, MetroCream) is used to treat rosacea. For which of the following options is it used when given PO or IV? a. Crohn's disease b. To decrease lipid levels in the blood c. Anti-infective therapy d. Dysrhythmias
Anti-infective therapy
Other than keratolytics agents, two calsses of drugs, and __________, offer some protection agains acne. a. Antibiotics b. Antipyretics c. Analgesics
Antibiotics
The primary function of plasma cells is to secrete: a. Complement b. Histamine c. Antibodies d. Cytokines
Antibodies
Which of the following hormones is NOT released from the anterior pituitary gland? a. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) b. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) c. Growth hormone d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Foreign agents that elicit a specific immune response are called: a. Immunoglobulins b. Cytokinesis c. Antigens d. Antibodies
Antigens
Methimazole (Tapazole) a. Thyroid medication b. Antithyroid medication c. Mineralcorticoid d. Glucocorticoid e. Androgen
Antithyroid medication
Disease in which the body produces abnormal antibodies against its own, normal cells are called __________ disorders. a. Parasitic b. Autoimmune
Autoimmune
The nurse should monitor a transplant patient for the primary adverse effect of cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) therapy by collecting information on which of the following laboratory tests? a. CBC b. BUN and creatinine c. Liver enzymes d. Electrolytes
BUN and creatinine
Which biologic response modifier is instilled directly into the bladder to treat bladder cancer? a. Aldesleukin (Proleukin) b. Interferon betala (Avonex) c. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine (Tice, TheraCys)
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine (Tice, TheraCys)
The patient is complaining of discomfort related to minor sunburn. Which of the following medications would be included in a plan of care for someone who has minor sunburn? a. Benzocaine (Solarcaine) b. Cortizone c. Benzoyl peroxide d. Doxycycline
Benzocaine (Solarcaine)
Which of the following treatment would NOT be used to promote the shedding of old skin? a. Resorcinol b. Salicylic acid c. Sulfur d. Benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide
Which of the following is an over-the-counter (OTC) medication for acne? a. Adapalene (Differin) b. Azelaic acid (Azelex, Finacea, others) c. Benzoyl peroxide (Clearasil, Fostex, others) d. Sulfacetamide (Cetamide, Klaron, others)
Benzoyl peroxide (Clearasil, Fostex, others)
A nurse is caring for a newly diagnosed patient with psoriasis. The skin on her elbow is covered with red plaques and scales. She finds it very embarrassing. Even though she doesn't have much money, she wants to know what medication can help her. The nurse understands that the initial and inexpensive medication is: a. Betamethasone b. Doxycycline c. Cyclosporine d. Benzocaine
Betamethasone
Nearly all drugs in the immunosuppressant class exhibit toxicity to the: a. Brain b. Liver c. Kidney d. Bone marrow
Bone marrow
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking prophylthiouracil (PTU). For which of the following adverse effects of this medication should the nurse monitor? a. Bradycardia b. Insomnia c. Heat tolerance d. Weight loss
Bradycardia
Which of the following medications is administered topically for psoriasis? a. Calciprotriene (Dovonex) b. Adapalene (Differin) c. Metronidazole (Metrogelm MetroCream) d. Sulfacetamide sodium (Cetamide, Klaron, others)
Calciprotriene (Dovonex)
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription of somatropin (Genotropin) to stimulate growth. The nurse should plan to monitor the client's urine for which of the following? a. Bilirubin b. Protein c. Potassium d. Calcium
Calcium
There are many indications for immunosuppressant therapy. Which of the following is NOT an indication for this class of medications? a. Cancer b. Rheumatoid arthritis c. Crohn's disease d. Systemic lupus erythematosus
Cancer
Which of the following will change during thyroid therapy if only heart rate increases? a. Dysrhythmia b. Peripheral vascular resistance c. Cardiac output d. Stroke volume
Cardiac output
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking tamoxifen (Soltamox) to treat breast cancer. The health care professional should recognize the need for cautious use of the drug if the patient also has which of the following? a. Cataracts b. COPD c. Diabetes mellitus d. Alcohol use disorder
Cataracts
Scabicides and pediculicides are contraindicated in all of the following patients EXCEPT: a. Children ages 2-10 b. Children less than 2 years old c. Children with seizures d. Children who have abrasions, rash or dermatitis
Children ages 2-10
Exposure to perfume, cosmetics, detergents, or latex is associated with which of the following disorders? a. Atopic dermatitis b. Contact dermatitis c. Seborrheic dermatitis d. Stasis dermatitis
Contact dermatitis
Prior to administration of medication for pancreatitis, assessing for alcohol abuse is necessary because alcohol can do which of the following? a. Contribute to stone formation and pancreatic inflammation. b. Cause inhibition of gastric secretions. c. Enhance lung expansion. d. Enhance blood pH.
Contribute to stone formation and pancreatic inflammation.
Which of the following drugs is often administered by alternate-day dosing and requires the nurse to provide specific patient teaching? a. Thyroid hormone b. Antithyroid hormone c. Corticosteroids d. Hypothalamic hormones
Corticosteroids
The patient, who has been diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency has been started on corticosteroids. The nurse explains that at high doses, and for long periods of time, these drugs may cause symptoms like those seen in _________. a. Cushing's syndrome b. Grave's disease c. Diabetes insipidus d. Diabetes mellitus
Cushing's syndrome
Which of the following is contraindicated in conjunction with phototherapy for the treatment of psoriasis? a. Tar and anthralin b. Keratolytic pastes c. Psoralens d. Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine
Which of the following drugs produces its therapeutic effects by inhibiting T cells? a. Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) b. Prednisone c. Aspirin d. Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin? a. A b. D c. E d. K
D
The patient with diabetes has decided to start an exercise program. He remembers that the nurse told him that exercise: a. Increases glucose in the blood, thus increasing the need for insulin just after exercise. b. Decrease glucose in the blood, thus decreasing the need for more insulin just after exercise. c. Does not affect glucose or the need for insulin. d. Decreases glucose in the blood thus increasing the need for insulin after exercise.
Decrease glucose in the blood, thus decreasing the need for more insulin just after exercise.
A patient is prescribed pancrelipase (Ultrase) and takes iron supplements. The nurse is aware that taking these drugs together may do which of the following? a. Increase iron absorption b. Decrease iron absorption c. Increase zymase absorption d. Decrease zymase absorption
Decrease iron absorption
A health care professional should question the use of cyclophosphamide for a patient who has which of the following? a. Raynaud's syndrome b. Dehydration c. Jaundice d. Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome
Dehydration
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin cytarabine (DepoCyt) therapy to treat meningeal leukemia. The health care professional should explain that the patient should also receive which of the following drugs to reduce the risk of neurotoxicity? a. Diphenhydramine b. Leucovorin c. Folic acid d. Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
A deficiency in growth hormone will result in which of the following? a. Dwarfism b. Diabetes insipidus c. Urinary retention d Mental impairment
Dwarfism
Drugs used to soothe and soften the skin, as in the case of psoriasis, are called _________. a. Emollients b. Retinoids
Emollients
A nurse is caring for a client who has subacute bacterial endocarditis and is being treated with several antibiotics, including IM streptomycin. The nurse should monitor this client for which of the following adverse effects of streptomycin? a. Extremity paresthesias b. Urinary retention c. Severe constipation d. Complex partial seizures
Extremity paresthesias
True or False: For treatment of hypoglycemic patients in the hospital, nurses routinely administer glucose via intravenous (IV) route.
False
True or False: Significant adverse effects are not usually a problem during long-term therapy with corticosteroids.
False
True or false: Adverse effects of retinol (vitamin A) are relatively minor and should not be a problem for the patient who is pregnant.
False
True or false: All skin disorders are caused by stresses in the environment.
False
True or false: Immunization is the process of introducing a foreign substance into the body to trigger an immune response after a person has been exposed to an antigen.
False
True or false: Pediculicides are pharmacologic agents that kill mites; scabicides kill lice.
False
True or false: Vaccines are effective at prevent a number of diseases, including HIV infection.
False
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are first-line drugs for treating hypertension. However, drugs in this class have a black box warning regarding an increased risk of: a. Fetal injury and death if taken during pregnancy b. Hyperkalemia if taken with loop diuretics such as furosemide (Lasix) c. Hypertensive crisis if taken with MAO inhibitors d. Suicide if taken with SSRIs
Fetal injury and death if taken during pregnancy
While assessing a patient who is receiving interferon alfa-2a (Roferon-A) to treat Kaposi's sarcoma, the health care professional should check for which of the following possible indications of an adverse reaction? a. Bradycardia b. Dilated pupils c. Fever d. Constipation
Fever
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and levofloxacin (Levaquin) belong to a drug class called the: a. Sulfonamides b. Fluroquinolones c. Triptans d. Carbapenums
Fluroquinolones
Fluconazole (Diflucan) and other azole drugs are indicated for which of the following? a. Fungal infection b. Malaria c. Diarrhea d. Constipation
Fungal infection
Which of the following drugs should a health care professional have available for a patient who is experiencing an insulin overdose? a. Naloxone b. Diphenhydramine c. Acetylcysteine (Acetadote) d. Glucagon (GlucaGen)
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
Cortisol a. Thyroid medication b. Antithyroid medication c. Mineralcorticoid d. Glucocorticoid e. Androgen
Glucocorticoid
In caring for a patient with Cushing's syndrome, the nurse understands that this disorder is associated with which of the following hormones? a. Mineralcorticoids b. Glucocorticoids c. Androgens d. ADH
Glucocorticoids
Which of the following is among the first-choice drugs used for allergic rhinitis? a. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs_ b. Sympathomimetics c. Glucocorticoids d. Cytokines
Glucocorticoids
The drug combination of glyburide/metformin is called: a. Avandamet b. Glucovance c. Janumet d. Metaglip
Glucovance
When caring for a patient who is taking flutamide to treat prostate cancer, the health care professional should monitor the patient for which of the following adverse effects of the drug? a. Dehydration b. Gynecomastia c. Constipation d. Tachycardia
Gynecomastia
Vaccines are contraindicated in patients who: a. Have a weakened immune system. b. Are taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). c. Have type 2 diabetes. d. Have untreated hypertension.
Have a weakened immune system.
Cholestyramine (Questran) will decrease the absorption of levothyroxine (Synthroid) if given at the same time. Patient take cholestyramine for what type of disorders? a. Hypertension b. High blood cholesterol level c. Peptic ulcer d. Weight gain
High blood cholesterol level
B cells and antibodies are associated with __________ immunity. a. Active b. Passive c. Humoral
Humoral
Which of the following drugs is classified as an opioid? a. Hydralazine (Apresoline) b. Hydrocodone (Hycodan) c. Hydrocortisone d. Hydrochlorthiazide (Macrozide)
Hydrocodone (Hycodan)
Which of the following corticosteroids has mineralcorticoid activity? a. Hydrocortisone (Cortef, Solu-Cortef) b. Methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol, Medrol, others) c. Prednisolone d. Prednisone
Hydrocortisone (Cortef, Solu-Cortef)
A nurse is caring for a client who takes vasopressin for diabetes insipidus. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor? a. Hypovolemia b. Hypercalcemia c. Hypoglycemia d. Hypertension
Hypertension
Addison's disease a. Hyposecretion of insulin b. Hypersecretion of growth hormone c. Hypersecretion of corticosteroids d. Hyposecetion of corticosteroids e. Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone (T3 & T4)
Hyposecretion of corticosteroids
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin topotecan (Hycamtin) therapy to treat resistant, small-cell lung cancer. The health care professional should caution the patient about taking which of the following types of over-the-counter drugs while receiving therapy? a. Folic acid b. St. John's wort c. Ibuprofen (Advil) d. Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
Ibuprofen (Advil)
The general term for any drug that affects body defenses is _________. a. Immunomodulator b. Mediators
Immunomodulator
The class of medications used to avoid tissue rejection following an organ transplant is called_______________. a. Antiembolic b. Beta blocker c. Immunosuppressants
Immunosuppressants
Which of the following drug classes would the nurse administer to avoid transplant rejection? a. COX-2 inhibitors b. Opioids c. Immunosuppressants d. Systemic corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
When talking to a patient who is about to begin vincristine therapy to treat lymphoma, the health care professional should include which of the following instructions? a. Increase fiber intake. b. Report tinnitus or vertigo. c. Take the drug with 8 oz of water. d. Allow 4 hours before taking an antacid.
Increase fiber intake.
While receiving filgrastim (Neupogen), the nurse should monitor for a(n): a. Increase in the production of WBCs. b. Increase in the production of platelets. c. Increase in the production of RBCs. d. Decrease in the production of RBCs.
Increase in the production of WBCs.
Which of the following stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin? a. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors b. Biguanides c. Incretin enhancers d. Meglitinides
Incretin enhancers
Immunosuppressants are effective at inhibiting a patient's immune system, but must be monitored carefully because loss of immune function can lead to _________. a. Infections b. Autoimunity
Infections
Unless there are any specific contraindications, which of the following immunizations should adults receive once each year? a. Varicella b. Tetanus c. Influenza d. Hepatitis B
Influenza
The nurse understands that negative feedback ensures endocrine homeostasis by doing which of the following? a. Stimulating the release of the last hormone in a pathway. b. Stimulating the release of the first hormone in a pathway. c. Inhibiting the action of the last hormone in a pathway. d. Inhibiting the action of the first hormone in a pathway.
Inhibiting the action of the first hormone in a pathway.
Pruritus a. Blackheads b. White heads c. Intense itching d. Redness e. "First-degree" injury
Intense itching
Which of the following statements about benzocaine is true? a. When applied to the ear, mouth, or throat, it produces minor irritation. b. It is more appropriate for sunburn than for pruritus or insect bites. c. Drug sensitivity is rare. d. Is should not be applied to an open wound.
Is should not be applied to an open wound.
Which of the following medications would NOT be useful for minor insect bites? a. Benzocaine (Solarcaine, others) b. Dibucaine (Nupercainal) c. Tetracaine (Pontocaine) d. Isotretinoin (Accutane)
Isotretinoin (Accutane)
The nurse administers glipizide (Glucothol) : a. Subcutaneously b. After meals c. At bedtime d. Just before breakfast
Just before breakfast
Which vitamin is considered to be an antidote for overdoses of warfarin (Coumadin)? a. A b. B2 c. B12 d. K
K
Drugs used to promote the shedding of old skin are called ________ agents. a. Pediculicide agents b. Keratolytic agents c. Scabicide agents
Keratolytic agents
Some patients with acne may need medications that promote the shedding of old skin. These medications are known as: a. Pediculicides b. Keratolytic agents c. Retinoids d. Corticosteroids
Keratolytic agents
While taking a health history, the nurse should recognize that which of the following is NOT a short-term sign of type 1 diabetes mellitus? a. Polyuria b. Polyphagia c. Ketoacidosis d. Polydipsia
Ketoacidosis
The healthcare provider should teach patients that the most common adverse effects from cyclosporine occur in the: a. Immune system b. Lung c. GI tract d. Kidney
Kidney
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for metformin (Glucophage). The nurse monitors the client for which of the following adverse effects? a. Lactic acidosis b. Hypoglycemia c. Hyperlipidemia d. Respiratory alkalosis
Lactic acidosis
If injection sites are not rotated regularly, the patient with diabetes may suffer from which of the following? a. Petechiae b. Lipodystophy c. Hematoma d. Pustules
Lipodystrophy
A health care professional is talking to a patient about self-injecting Regular insulin (Humulin). The health care professional should tell the patient to rotate injection sites to prevent which of the following? a. Rapid absorption b. Intradermal injection c. Injection pain d. Lipohypertrophy
Lipohypertrophy
Which of the following is NOT a type of vaccine suspension? a. Liver microbes b. Killed microbes c. Microbes that are alive but attenuated d. Modified bacterial toxins
Live microbes
Which organ is responsible for the "first-pass" effect? a. Liver b. Kidneys c. Brain d. Small intestine
Liver
A nurse in an outpatient facility is caring for a client who has been taking acarbose (Precose) for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse plan to monitor? a. WBC b. Serum potassium c. Platelet count d. Liver function tests
Liver function tests
A patient receiving levothyroxine (Synthroid) would be expected to experience which of the following adverse metabolic effects? a. Loss of weight b. Lack of energy c. Reduced pulse rate d. Reduced body temperature
Loss of weight
The nurse is assisting a patient with chronic adrenal insufficiency to make a medication plan for an upcoming camping trip. He is taking hydrocortisone (Cortef) and Fludrocorisones (Florinef) as replacement therapy. Which detail does the patient need to remember? a. Take his blood pressure once or twice a day. b. Avoid crowded indoor areas to avoid infections. c. Have his vision checked before he leaves. d. Make sure to carry extra medication in case there's a delay in getting home.
Make sure to carry extra medication in case there's a delay in getting home.
A patient with rosacea is being seen at the doctor's office with concerns about her skin. She has been trying to deal with her condition by using over-the-counter medications, but they seemed to have made her condition worse. The nurse understands the patient may need: a. Calcipotriene (Dovonex) b. Metronidazole (Metrogel) c. Acitretin (Soriatane) d. Cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral)
Metronidazole (Metrogel)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme activation a. Thyroid medication b. Antithyroid medication c. Mineralcorticoid d. Glucocorticoid e. Androgen
Mineralcorticoid
The most common side effects of vaccines include: a. Drowsiness b. Anaphylaxis c. Rash and itching d. Minor aches and fever
Minor aches and fever
The nurse should observe for which of the following adverse effects of hydrocortisone (Cortef, Hydrocortone) therapy? a. Asthma b. Rhinitis c. Nausea d. Mood and personality changes
Mood and personality changes
A nurse is caring for a client who is being prepares for extensive colorectal surgery. Which of the following oral antibiotics should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client in order to suppress normal flora in the GI tract? a. Amikacin b. Gentamicin c. Neomycin d. Erythromycin
Neomycin
Interferon alfa-2b must be used with caution because it contains a black box warning regarding an increased risk for: a. Neuropsychiatric disorders b. Kidney injury c. Nausea and vomiting d. Heart failure
Neuropsychiatric disorders
A health care professional should question the use of maraviroc (Selzentry) for a patient who has which of the following? a. Diabetes mellitus b. Meningeal infection c. Pancreatitis d. Non-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR-5)-TROPIC HIV-1
Non-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR-5)-TROPIC HIV-1
A patient will be started on desmopressin (DDAVP) for treatment of diabetes insipidus. Which instruction should the nurse include in the patient teaching plan? a. Drink plenty of fluids, especially those high in calcium. b. Avoid close contact with children or pregnant women for one week after administration of the drug. c. Obtain and record your weight daily. d. Wear a mask if around children and pregnant women.
Obtain and record your weight daily.
The physician starts a patient on 500 MG, PO, twice a day. The pharmacy provides him or her with scored 1,000 MG tablets. How many tablets will he or she take in a day? a. One tablet b. Two tablets c. One and a half tablets d. One half tablet
One tablet
It is important that the nurse teach female patients that long-term use of levothyroxine (Synthroid) may be associated with which of the following symptoms? a. Osteoporosis b. Decreased white blood cell count c. Weight gain d. Decreased incidence of insomnia
Osteoporosis
Combination drugs are commonly used in pharmacology. A patient taking Stalevo, which contains levodop, carbidopa, and entacapone is being treated for: a. Type 2 diabetes b. Hypertension c. Parkinson's disease d. Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
To prevent infection, a patient recently exposed to a friend with hepatitis is administered gamma globulins. This type of immunity is called _________ immunity. a. Active b. Passive c. Biologic d. Booster
Passive
___________ occurs when preformed antibodies are transferred or "donated" from one person to another. a. Active immunity b. Passive immunity
Passive immunity
A patient who is taking glipizide (Glucotrol) to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus contacts the health care professional to report feeling shaky, hungry, and fatigued. The health care professional should tell the patient to do which of the following? a. Drink 16 oz of water. b. Perform a fingerstick glucose check. c. Take another glipizide. d. Lie down and rest.
Perform a fingerstick glucose check.
The nurse and a patient are discussing how to eliminate lice. The patient is given a shampoo-like medication that is applied and rinsed from the body within 10 minutes after application. The medication is: a. Lindane b. Crotamiton c. Cortizone d. Permethrin
Permethrin
When B cells encounter their specific antigen, they become _______ cells and secrete large quantities of _____________. a. T cells, antibodies b. Memory cells, antibodies c. Plasma cells, antibodies
Plasma cells, antibodies
Vasopressin (Pitressin) is prescribed for which of the following primary symptoms? a. Altered metabolism b. Polyuria c. Inflammation d. Altered glucose levels
Polyuria
A health care professional should question the use of anastrozole (Arimidex) for a patient who is: a. Allergic to salicylates. b. Premenopausal. c. Has a hearing impairment. d. Immunocompromised.
Premenopausal.
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to start ritonavir (Norvir) and zidovudine (Retrovir) therapy to treat HIV-1. The health care professional should explain that the patient will receive ritonavir along with at least one reverse transcriptase inhibitor to: a. Prevent an infusion reaction. b. Increase platelet production. c. Protect healthy cells from the toxic effects of ritonavir. d. Prevent drug resistance.
Prevent drug resistance.
The nurse should teach patients that the purpose of a vaccine is to: a. Treat active infections b. Prevent inflammation should an infection occur c. Prevent infections from occurring d. Suppress the immune system so that hypersensitivity to antigen does not occur
Prevent infections from occurring
A patient comes to the physician's office immediately after a suspected exposure to hepatitis B. He is to start hepatitis B vaccine series and also receive the hepatitis B immuneglobulin (HBIG) vaccine injection. He tells the nurse that he understands how the hepatitis B vaccine series works, but wants to know why he also needs to have the HBIG vaccine. The nurse responds the HIBG vaccine is given to: a. Enhance the ability of the hep B (Engerix-B) series of vaccines to provide permanent immunity. b. Enhance the ability of the hep B (Engerix-B) series eliminates the virus. c. Provide temporary immunity while the body is building its antibodies. d. Provide active immunity by causing the immune system to form antibodies.
Provide temporary immunity while the body is building its antibodies.
Etretinate (Tegison) a. Scabicide/pediculicide b. Sunburn/minor irritation drug c. Acne and acne-related drug d. Topical corticosteroids e. Psoriatic drug
Psoriatic drug
Insulin aspart (NovoLog) a. Rapid action, onset 15 minutes b. Rapid action, onset 15-30 minutes c. Short action, onset 30-60 minutes d. Intermediate, onset 1-2 hours e. Long onset, gradual onset over 24 hours
Rapid action, onset 15 minutes
Insulin glulisine (Apidra) a. Rapid action, onset 15 minutes b. Rapid action, onset 15-30 minutes c. Short action, onset 30-60 minutes d. Intermediate, onset 1-2 hours e. Long onset, gradual onset over 24 hours
Rapid action, onset 15-30 minutes
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin delavirdine (Rescriptor) therapy to treat HIV-1. The health care professional should tell the patient to report which of the following adverse reactions to the drug? a. Rash b. Insomnia c. Rhinitis d. Alopecia
Rash
Erythema a. Blackheads b. White heads c. Intense itching d. Redness e. "First-degree" injury
Redness
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with clients in an outpatient facility about the use of insulin to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus. For which of the following types of insulin should the nurse tell the clients to expect a peak effect 1 to 5 hours after administration? a. Insulin glargine (Lantus) b. NPH insulin (Humulin N) c. Regular insulin (Humulin R) d. Insulin lispro (Humalog)
Regular insulin (Humulin R)
A primary care provider should prescribe a lower dose of sitaliptin (Januvia) for a patient who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and who also has which of the following? a. Thyroid disease b. Bronchitis c. Heart failure d. Renal impairment
Renal impairment
A health care professional should understand that raltegravir (Isentress) treats patients who have which of the following? a. Hair cell leukemia b. Thyroid cancer c. Kaposi's sarcoma d. Resistant HIV disease
Resistant HIV disease
Vitamin A-like compounds provide resistance to bacterial infection by reducing oil production and the occurrence of clogged pores are called _______. a. Emollients b. Retinoids
Retinoids
Methrotrexate (Rheumatrx, Trexall) may be used to treat psoriasis. Which other condition is it used for? a. Gout and rheumatoid arthritis b. Rheumatoid arthritis and certain cancers c. Systemic fungal infections and certain cancers d. Urinary tract infections and peptic ulcers
Rheumatoid arthritis and certain cancers
Topical corticosteroids are a common treatment for all of the following EXCEPT: a. Psoriasis b. Rosacea c. Pruritus d. Dermatitis
Rosacea
Use of retinoid compounds are contraindicated in patients with all of the following EXCEPT: a. Rosacea b. Severe depression c. Seizures treated with carbamazepine d. Diabetes treated with oral agents
Rosacea
A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of parents about immunizations. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse tell the parents is administered to children younger than 1 year of age or not to older children or adults? a. Pneumococcal vaccine b. Meningococcal vaccine c. Varicella vaccine d. Rotavirus vaccine
Rotavirus vaccine
The nurse plans to administer glargine (Lantus) to a patient with type 1 diabetes: a. Before meals b. With meals c. Only at bedtime d. Same time each day
Same time each day
Permethrin (Nix) a. Scabicide/pediculicide b. Sunburn/minor irritation drug c. Acne and acne-related drug d. Topical corticosteroids e. Psoriatic drug
Scabicide/pediculicide
Mites cause a skin disorder called _________. a. Scabies b. Dermatitis c. Psoriasis
Scabies
The disorder usually begins one to two years before puberty and is caused by overproductive oil glands or _________. a. Eczema b. Seborrhea
Seborrhea
Drugs to treat oily skin would most likely be used for which of the following disorders? a. Atopic dermatitis b. Contact dermatitis c. Seborrheic dermatitis d. Stasis dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis
The nurse informs a patient taking benzocaines for a minor skin irritation that benzocaine: a. Cannot be used for sunburns b. Should not be used on open lesions c. Causes blisters d. Can be used on open sores
Should not be used on open lesions
The nurse is helping to create a teaching plan for a patient prescribed desoximetasone (Topicort) for atopic dermatitis. The nurse will include which adverse effect in the plan? a. Localized pruritus and hives. b. Hair loss in the application area. c. Worsening of acne. d. Skin irritation and redness in the application area.
Skin irritation and redness in the application area.
A patient is being treated with prophylthiouracil (PTU) for hyperthyroidism while awaiting thyroidectomy. While the patient is taking this drug, what symptoms will the nurse need to tell the patient to report to the health care provider? a. Tinnitus, altered taste, thickened saliva b. Insomnia, nightmares, night sweat c. Sore throat, chills, low-grade fever d. Dry eyes, decreased blinking, reddened conjunctiva
Sore throat, chills, low-grade fever
Benzocaine (Solarcaine) a. Scabicide/pediculicide b. Sunburn/minor irritation drug c. Acne and acne-related drug d. Topical corticosteroids e. Psoriatic drug
Sunburn/minor irritation drug
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Which of the following is NOT an example of HRT? a. Thyroid hormone after thyroidectomy b. Insulin for a patient whose pancreas is not functioning. c. Testosterone for breast cancer. d. Corticosteroids for adrenal cortex dysfunction.
Testosterone for breast cancer.
Which of the following is true of interferons, when used as medications? a. They are administered by the oral route. b. they suppress certain cells of the immune response. c. The IFN-alfa types are used to treat certain cancers. d. The IFN-beta types are used to treat muscular dystrophy.
The IFN-alfa types are used to treat certain caners.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client in a long-term care facility who has hypothyroidism and is beginning levothyroxine (Synthroid). Which of the following dosage schedules should the nurse expect for this client? a. The client will start at a high dose, and the dose will be tapered down as needed. b. The client will remain on the initial dosage during the course of treatment. c. The client's dosage will be adjusted daily based on blood levels. d. The client will start on a low dose, which will be gradually increased.
The client will start on a low dose, which will be gradually increased.
The nurse will be talking with the parents of a child who has been prescribed somatropin (Humatrope). The nurse should inform the parents that: a. The drug will be given by injection. b. The drug must be given regularly to prevent mental deficiencies. c. If the drug is given during late adolescence, it could add 6-8 inches to the child's height. d. Daily laboratory monitoring will be required during the first weeks of therapy.
The drug will be given by injection.
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) a. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor b. Biguanide c. Meglitinide d. Sulfonylureas e. Thiazolidinedione (or glitazone)
Thiazolidinedione (or glitazone)
Liotrix (Thyrolar) a. Thyroid medication b. Antithyroid medication c. Mineralcorticoid d. Glucocorticoid e. Androgen
Thyroid mediation
Fluticasone (Flonase) a. Scabicide/pediculicide b. Sunburn/minor irritation drug c. Acne and acne-related drug d. Topical corticosteroids e. Psoriatic drug
Topical corticosteroid
When considering drug therapy options for a patient who has metastatic breast cancer that is positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), the health care professional should choose which of the following drugs? a. Trastuzumab (Herceptin) b. Imatinib (Gleevec) c. Leuprolide (Lupron) d. Flutamide
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
The nurse is providing information at a high school health fair. Many of the students ask for information on acne treatment. Then nurse tells them that _____________ is available but it is extremely important that women who are pregnant should not take this medication. a. Hydrocortisone b. Tretinoin c. Benzoyl peroxide d. Benzocaine
Tretinoin
Which of the following medications is also used for the treatment of wrinkles? a. Benzoyl peroxide (Clearasil, Fostex, others) b. Tretinoin (Avita, Retin-A, others) c. Calcipotriene (Dovonex) d. Hydroxyurea (Hydrea)
Tretinoin (Avita, Retin-A, others)
True or False: A primary function of the thyroid gland is to control basal metabolic rate.
True
True or False: Almost all insulin today is human insulin obtained through recombinant DNA technology because it is more effective, causes fewer allergies, and has a lower incidence of resistance.
True
True or False: Because normal insulin secretion varies greatly in response to daily activities, glucose monitoring and insulin administration must be carefully planned.
True
True or False: Combinations of antidiabetic drugs have been deeloped to maximize the therapeutic effects and minimize adverse effects.
True
True or False: Endocrine pharmacotherapy also involves the use of "antihormones" that block the actions of endogenous hormones.
True
True or False: Giving food or drinks containing glucose (sugar) can reverse mild to moderate hypoglycemia symptoms in diabetic patients.
True
When talking with a patient who is about to begin methotrexate (Trexall) therapy to treat non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the health care professional should include which of the following instructions? a. Take echinacea supplements. b. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush. c. Take aspirin to reduce muscle pain. d. Urinate every 4 hours.
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush
A toxoid is best classified as a(n): a. Vaccine b. Immunosuppressant c. Anti-inflammatory agent d. Antigen
Vaccine
When caring for a patient who is receiving vincristine to treat lung cancer, the health care professional should monitor for which of the following findings that indicates an adverse effect? a. Weak hand grasps b. Constricted pupils c. Bradycardia d. Crackles
Weak hand grasps
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is taking pioglitazone (Actos) to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. The health care professional should monitor for which of the following findings that indicates an adverse effect? a. Joint pain b. Constipation c. Weight gain d. Dilated pupils
Weight gain
The nurse would most likely administer antithyroid medications to patient with which of the following symptoms? a. Dysrhythmia b. Weight loss c. Reduced activity d. Anemia
Weight loss
Closed comedones a. Blackheads b. White heads c. Intense itching d. Redness e. "First-degree" injury
White heads
During antidiabetic therapy, the nurse should assess for which symptoms related to abnormalities in liver function? a. Yellow skin, pale stools, dark urine b. Pink skin, light brown stools, yellow urine c. Pale skin, red-tinged stools, amber urine d. Red skin, dark stools, clear urine
Yellow skin, pale stools, dark urine
Myxedema (adults) and cretinism (children) a. Hyposecretion of insulin b. Hypersecretion of growth hormone c. Hypersecretion of corticosteroids d. Hyposecetion of corticosteroids e. Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone (T3 & T4)
Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone (T3 & T4)
A patient who taking propylthiouracil (PTU) contacts the health care professional to report weight gain, drowsiness, and depression. The health care professional should suspect which of the following adverse reactions to the prophylthiouracil? a. Thyrotoxicosis b. Hypothyroidism c. Lactic acidosis d. Radiation sickness
Hypothyroidism
True or False: Levothyroixine (Synthroid) is a synthetic form of thyroxine (T4) used for replacement therapy in patients with low thyroid function.
True
True or False: Of the many different hormones secreted by the pituitary and hypothalamus, only a few are used for drug therapy,
True
True or False: Regular insulin interacts with many drugs. For example, alcohol, salicylates, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and anabolic steroids may increase hypoglycemic effects.
True
True or False: Therapy with type 2 antidiabetic drugs is not effective for persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
True
True or False: Treatment of dwarfism consists of a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and pharmacotherapy to suppress GH secretion or block GH receptors.
True
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking pioglitazone (Actos) to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. The health care professional should explain to the patient the need to monitor for which of the following laboratory results? (Select all that apply.) a. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) b. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) c. LDL d. CBC e. Creatinine clearance
-Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) -LDL
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and is starting repaglinide (Prandin). Which of the following statements made by the client indicates understanding of the administration of this medication? a. "I'll take this medicine with my meals." b. "I'll take this medicine 30 minutes before I eat." c. "I'll take this medicine just before I go to bed." d. "I'll take the medicine as soon as I wake up in the morning."
"I'll take this medicine 30 minutes before I eat."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for pramlintide (Symlin) for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should the nurse reinforce in the testing? (Select all that apply.) a. "Take oral medication 1 hour before injection." b. "Use upper arms as preferred injection sites." c. "Mix pramlintide with breakfast dose of insulin." d. "Inject pramlintide with breakfast dose of insulin." e. "Discard open vials after 28 days."
-"Take oral medication 1 hour before injection." -"Inject pramlintide with breakfast dose of insulin." -"Discard open vials after 28 days."
When talking with a patient who is about to begin exenatide (Byetta) therapy to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, the health care professional should include which of the following instructions? (Select all that apply) a. Inject the drug subcutaneously. b. Expect the peak effect in 2 hours. c. Use the drug as a supplement to an oral hypoglycemic. d. Inject the drug 1 hour after a meal. e. Discard used pens 10 days after the first use.
-Inject the drug subcutaneously. -Expect the peak effect in 2 hours. -Use the drug as a supplement to an oral hypoglycemic.
While collecting information from a patient, the nurse notes which of the following symptoms of type 1 diabetes? (Select all that apply) a. Polyphagia b. Polyuria c. Polydipsia d. Weight gain
-Polyphagia -Polyuria -Polydipsia
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking prophylthiouracil (PTU) to treat hyperthyroidism. The health care professional should tell the patient to report which of the following adverse effects? (Select all that apply). a. Sore throat b. Muscle pain c. Insomnia d. Bradycardia e. Rash
-Sore throat -Muscle pain -Bradycardia -Rash
A health care professional administers pramlintide (Symlin) at 0800 to a patient who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. At which of the following times should the patient expect the drug to exert its peak action? a. 0820 b. 0900 c. 1000 d. 1100
0820
Acromegaly (adults) a. Hyposecretion of insulin b. Hypersecretion of growth hormone c. Hypersecretion of corticosteroids d. Hyposecetion of corticosteroids e. Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone (T3 & T4)
Hypersecretion of growth hormone
The most serious adverse effect from insulin therapy is _______. a. Hypoglycemia b. Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
When talking to a patient who is about to begin glipizide (Glucotrol) therapy to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, the health care professional should include which of the following instructions? a. Avoid drinking alcohol. b. Sit or stand for 30 min after taking the drug. c. Urinate every 4 hours. d. Take the drug 2 hours after a meal.
Avoid drinking alcohol
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin insulin glargine (Lantus) therapy. The health care professional should recognize the need for additional precautions because the patient also takes which of the following types of drugs? a. Oral contraceptives b. Calcium supplements c. Beta blockers d. Iron supplements
Beta blockers
Metformin a. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor b. Biguanide c. Meglitinide d. Sulfonylureas e. Thiazolidinedione (or glitazone)
Biguanide
Treatment goal with insulin therapy is to main _______ with strict, normal limits. a. Blood glucose levels b. Sugar intake
Blood glucose levels
When giving antidiabetic drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus, the nurse expects which of the following actions to occur? a. The pancreas is stimulated to secrete more insulin. b. Insulin receptors become more sensitive to target tissues. c. The liver is inhibited from releasing glucose. d. Both a and b are correct.
Both a and b are correct.
The drug is approved for Parkinson's disease, pituitary adenoma, acromegaly, for women with amenorrhea, and infertility caused by prolactin secretion. a. Tolbutamide (Orinase) b. Glipizide (Glucotrol) c. Glyburide micronized (Glynase) d. Bromocriptine (Cycloset)
Bromocriptine (Cycloset)
Which of the following drugs blocks the action of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in the kidneys leading to more excretion of glucose in the urine? a. Glimepiride (Amaryl) b. Canagliflozin (Invokana) c. Pioglitazone (Actos) d. Chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
Canagliflozin (Invokana)
Diabetes Mellitus a. Hyposecretion of insulin b. Hypersecretion of growth hormone c. Hypersecretion of corticosteroids d. Hyposecetion of corticosteroids e. Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone (T3 & T4)
Hyposecretion of insulin
When talking with a patient who is about to begin repaglinide (Prandin) therapy to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, the health care professional should include which of the following instructions? a. Do not drink more that 1 L of grapefruit juice per day. b. Carry a high-protein snack at all times. c. Drink 16 oz of water after taking the drug. d. Use ginseng to reduce nausea.
Do not drink more that 1 L of grapefruit juice per day.
A drug's trade name is assigned by which of the following? a. Physician b. Pharmacist c. Drug manufacturer d. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Drug manufacturer
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin acarbose (Precose) therapy to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following instructions should the health care professional include when talking with the patient about the drug? a. Eat more iron-rich foods. b. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice. c. Increase fiber intake. d. Avoid drinking green tea.
Eat more iron-rich foods.
When considering glucose regulation in the body, which of the following components of homeostasis would be restored following insulin therapy? a. Sensor (senses glucose in the bloodstream) b. Control center (determines the set point for glucose levels in the blood stream) c. Effector (responds to the increased levels of glucose in the bloodstream) d. Receptor (produces a response at the site of glucose action)
Effector (responds to the increased levels of glucose in the bloodstream)
When administering antidiuretic hormones, the nurse should carefully assess fluid and __________ balance. a. pH b. Electrolyte
Electrolyte
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin levothyroxine (Synthroid) therapy to treat hypothyroidism. Which of the following instructions should the health care professional include when talking with the patient about taking the drug? a. Take levothyroxine with food to increase absorption. b. Take levothyroxine with an antacid to reduce GI effects. c. Expect life-long therapy with the drug. d. Carry a carbohydrate snack at all times.
Expect life-long therapy with the drug.
True or False: If mixing insulin, such as rapid or short-acting with an intermediate-acting, the intermediate-acting insulin is always drawn into the syringe first.
False
True or False: Research has definitely proven that supplementation of the diet with omega-3 fatty acids improves the risk of developing cardiovascular disease among diabetic patients.
False
True or False: The endocrine structure in the brain that is responsible for secreting releasing factors is the pituitary gland.
False
True or False: The typical signs and symptoms of diabetes are fasting blood glucose greater than 200 mg/dL on at least 2 separate occasions, along with polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, glycosuria, weight loss, and fatigue.
False
_______ are chemical messengers released in response to a change in the body's internal environment. a. Hormones b. Molecules c. Mediators
Hormones
When considering replacement therapy options for a patient who has chronic adrenocortical insufficiency, the primary care provider should choose which of the following drugs? a. Somatropin (Genotropin) b. Hydrocortisone (Cortef) c. Glucagon (GlucaGen) d. Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Hydrocortisone (Cortef)
Cushing's syndrome a. Hyposecretion of insulin b. Hypersecretion of growth hormone c. Hypersecretion of corticosteroids d. Hyposecetion of corticosteroids e. Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone (T3 & T4)
Hypersecretion of corticosteroids
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin pramlintide (Symlin) therapy to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following instructions should the health care professional include when talking with the patient about using the drug? a. Mix pramlintide with insulin. b. Inject pramlintide before meals. c. Take pramlintide at bedtime. d. Inject pramlintide into the upper arm.
Inject pramlintide before meals.
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors may potentiate hypoglycemic effects when used with which of the following drugs? a. Insulin b. Dextrothyroxine c. Corticosteroids d. Epinephrine
Insulin
Pharmacologist have modified human insulin to create forms that have a more rapid onset of action or a more prolonged duration of action. These modified forms are called _______. a. Insulin anaglogs b. Insulin reserves
Insulin analogs
The _______ is usually abdominally anchored and is programmed to release small subcutaneous doses of insulin into the abdomen at predetermined intervals, with larger amounts administered manually at mealtime if necessary. a. Glucometer b. Insulin pump
Insulin pump
Although many factors contribute to maintaining a stable blood glucose level, the two pancreatic hormones play major roles: _______ acts to decrease blood glucose levels and _______ acts to increase blood glucose levels. a. Insulin, glucagon b. Glucagon, insulin
Insulin, glucagon
Insulin isophane (NPH, Humulin N, Novolin N, ReliOn N) a. Rapid action, onset 15 minutes b. Rapid action, onset 15-30 minutes c. Short action, onset 30-60 minutes d. Intermediate, onset 1-2 hours e. Long onset, gradual onset over 24 hours`
Intermediate onset, 1-2 hours
A patient who is taking metformin (Glucophage) to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus contacts the health care professional to report muscle pain. The health care professional should suspect which of the following adverse reactions? a. Lactic acidosis b. Anticholinergic effects c. Extrapyramidal symptoms d. Hypophosphatemia
Lactic acidosis
Insulin glargine (Lantus) a. Rapid action, onset 15 minutes b. Rapid action, onset 15-30 minutes c. Short action, onset 30-60 minutes d. Intermediate, onset 1-2 hours e. Long onset, gradual onset over 24 hours
Long onset gradual onset over 24 hours
Repaglinide (Prandin) a. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor b. Biguanide c. Meglitinide d. Sulfonylureas e. Thiazolidinedione (or glitazone)
Megalitinide
Which of the following nursing diagnoses is NOT appropriate for the patient receiving insulin therapy? a. Risk for injury b. Risk for imbalanced nutrition c. Risk for role confusion d. Risk for injection
Risk for role confusion
Insulin regular (Humulin R, Novolin R) a. Rapid action, onset 15 minutes b. Rapid action, onset 15-30 minutes c. Short action, onset 30-60 minutes d. Intermediate, onset 1-2 hours e. Long onset, gradual onset over 24 hours
Short action, onset 30-60 minutes
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is taking repaglinide (Prandin) 15 to 30 minutes before each meal to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient asks the health care professional what to do if he skips a meal. Which of the following is the appropriate response? a. Double the dose before next meal b. Take half the dose c. Skip the dose d. Take the usual dose
Skip the dose
A patient, who has just been prescribed an incretin enhancer (oral hypoglycemic medication), asks the nurse how it works. The nurse informs the patient that these types of medications: a. Decrease the uptake of glucose by body cells. b. Stimulate insulin release from the pancreas. c. Increase insulin production. d. Decrease the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas.
Stimulate insulin release from the pancreas.
When giving insulin, the nurse plans on administering it by what route? a. Oral b. Intradermal c. Subcutaneous d. Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
While taking insulin, diabetic patients learn that the most common route of administration is which of the following? a. Oral b. Intradermal c. Subcutaneous d. Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Glyburide (DiaBeta, Micronase) a. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor b. Biguanide c. Meglitinide d. Sulfonylureas e. Thiazolidinedione (or glitazone)
Sulfonylureas
Why must the nurse instruct a patient receiving glipizide (Glucotrol) to avoid crushing or chewing the tablets? a. The patient may choke. b. The effectiveness of the medication would be hindered. c. It would cause blood glucose levels to rise too rapidly. d. Irritation of the oral mucosa may occur.
The effectiveness of the medication would be hindered.
A patient receives NPH & regular insulin every morning. The nurse verifying that the patient understands that there are 2 different peaks times to be aware of for this insulin combination, questions the patient because: a. The patient needs to plan the next insulin injection around peak times. b. Additional insulin may be needed at peak times to avoid hyperglycemia. c. It is best to plan exercise or other activities around the peak insulin activity. d. The risk for hypoglycemia is greatest around the peak of insulin activity.
The risk for hypoglycemia is greatest around the peak of insulin activity.
True or False: In many cases, hormones are administered simply as replacement therapy for patients who are unable to secrete sufficient quantities of their own endogenous hormones.
True
Because _______ first appeared in middle-aged adults, it has been referred to as adult-onset diabetes or maturity-onset diabetes. a. Type 1 diabetes b. Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
