PHEH-101 Exam 4

vitamins K, E, and D

? are fat-soluble vitamins.

niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin

? are water-soluble vitamins.

sodium

? helps the body maintain normal fluid balance.

potassium

? is a major mineral in your body.

copper

? is a trace mineral in your body.

folic acid

? is added to refined grain products as part of the grain enrichment program.

niacin

? is added to refined grain products as part of the grain enrichment program.

alpha-tocopherol

? is the only form of vitamin E that your body uses.

antioxidant

A(n) ? is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

11.0

According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young women is approximately ? cups/day.

iron

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ? is a nutrient of public health concern for pregnant women.

calcium

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ? is a nutrient of public health concern.

2300 mg

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to less than ? per day.

osteomalacia

Amina is a Pakistani woman living in poverty. She's not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of lamb, whole-grain breads and rice, fruit, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Amina is most at risk of ?

scurvy

Baden is a college student who doesn't eat fruits and vegetables. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, meat, cheese, and milk. Furthermore, he doesn't take dietary supplements. Based on this information, Baden is at risk of ?

smokes cigarettes

Because she ? Lizzie has a high risk of hypertension.

keeps the milk in the refrigerator until it's time to serve it

Bennet wants to have a birthday party for his 5-year-old daughter and several of the child's friends. He plans to serve cake, ice cream, and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon. To conserve vitamins in the milk, Bennet should ?

breast cancer

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ?

pancreatic cancer

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ?

blood glucose

Corey's diet is low in chromium. As a result of his diet, his ? level is higher than normal.

take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin k

Daisy has a chronic illness, and to treat the condition, she takes an antibiotic every day. Despite her illness, Daisy's diet is nutritionally adequate, and she exercises regularly. Based on this information, Daisy may need to ?

vitamin B-12

Debra is 70 years of age. She's very healthy, and the only medication she takes is a prescription drug that reduces her stomach's acid production. Her diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups. Based on this information, Debra is at risk of developing ? deficiency.

includes plasma and tissue fluid

Extracellular water

C

Hank is a body builder who takes variety of vitamin and mineral supplements. He often has diarrhea, and last week he was diagnosed with a kidney stone. Based on this information, which of his supplements is most likely contributing to his current health problems?

amino acid metabolism

Humans need vitamin B-6 for ?

people with African ancestry

In the United States, ? have a high risk of hypertension.

remove wastes

In the human body, water is needed to ?

blindness

In underdeveloped countries, severe vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of ?

false

Intestinal bacteria make vitamin A and beta-carotene, which humans can absorb.

is within cells

Intracellular water ?

consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant

Jasmine's 3-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with a neural tube defect, Jasmine should ?

malignant

Jeanne had a tumor in her breast. Her physician used a needle to remove a small bit of tissue from the tumor. When the physician used a microscope to examine the tissue, he noticed the cells in the tissue looked abnormal and were rapidly dividing. He told Jeanne that the tumor was ?

avoid smoking cigarettes

Lydia is concerned about her risk of osteoporosis. To help reduce her risk of this condition, Lydia should ?

processed meat

Manny wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ? may increase his risk of this chronic disease.

carotenodermia

Melanie is a healthy 8-month-old baby who loves to eat carrots, peaches, apricots, and green beans. Recently her skin turned yellow. Based on this information, Melanie has developed ?

false

Numerous scientific studies provide strong evidence that taking dietary supplements, especially those which contain phytochemicals, is an effective way to reduce your risk of cancer.

true

Nutrition experts generally recommend that eating foods that naturally contain a variety of vitamins and phytochemicals is a better way to reduce the risk of cancer than taking dietary supplements that contain these substances.

high blood levels of calcium

Quinn has a tumor in one of his parathyroid glands that's causing the gland to secrete too much parathyroid hormone. Based on this information, which of the following signs or symptoms would you expect him to be experiencing?

true

Results of scientific studies generally don't support the use of dietary supplements, including those that contain phytochemicals, to reduce a person's risk of cancer.

true

Retinol and alpha-tocopherol are fat-soluble vitamins.

117/65 mm Hg

Ricky has normal blood pressure, because his blood pressure readings are consistently around ?

silicon

Scientists are uncertain whether ? is an essential mineral for humans.

small intestine

The ? is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body.

lungs

The body has few ways of eliminating water, including through the ?

helps form DNA

The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that ?

vitamin K

The human body can absorb some of the ? that's made by intestinal bacteria.

D

The human body can make vitamin ?

produce blood clotting factors

The human body needs vitamin K to ?

vitamin K

The liver needs ? to make certain blood clotting factors.

function of rods and cones in the retina

Vitamin A is necessary for the ?

is needed to form strong collagen

Vitamin C ?

phosphorus and calcium

Vitamin D helps the body absorb ?

129/85 mm Hg

When Elaina measured her blood pressure, it was in the hypertension, stage 1 range. Her blood pressure was ?

125/78 mm Hg

When Zeke measured his blood pressure, it was in the elevated range. His blood pressure was ?

110/69 mm Hg

Which of the following blood pressure values is normal?

dairy products

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are good sources of riboflavin?

vegetable salads made with spinach and kale

Which of the following foods are a rich source of vitamin K?

kale and beet greens

Which of the following foods are rich sources of vitamin K?

tomato

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

grains

Which of the following groups of foods includes items that are good sources of riboflavin?

Nutrition experts classify mineral nutrients into 3 groups: major, trace, or "possible essential" minerals.

Which of the following statements about dietary minerals is true?

The minerals that are in food cannot be destroyed by usual cooking methods.

Which of the following statements about dietary minerals is true?

People who have large body frames have a higher risk of osteoporosis than people who have small body frames

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

compared to proteins and carbohydrates, your body requires very small quantities of vitamins

Which of the following statements is true about vitamins?

skin can form previtamin D after being exposed to sunlight

Which of the following statements is true?

smokers generally have higher needs for vitamin C than nonsmokers.

Which of the following statements is true?

alcohol

Which of the following substances is a diuretic?

estrogen

Which of the following substances is a hormone needed for normal bone development and maintenance?

A sedentary white female college student who smokes cigarettes.

Which of the following women has the highest risk of developing osteoporosis?

stop drinking alcohol

While at a party, Peter became visibly drunk after consuming 6 cans of beer and 2 shots of whiskey in an hour. To sober up as fast as possible, he should ?

true

Yesterday, Hayley consumed the equivalent of 12 cups of water. This amount of water slightly exceeds the Adequate Intake (Al) for healthy young women.

true

boiled beet greens, cooked spinach, and coconut water are rich sources of potassium.