PHI 101 Exam 1

1) uncritical affirmation

"That's a snake!"

2) negation, doubt

"That's not a snake...that's a rope."

"Philos-sophia"

"love-wisdom"

P

(Profane) Human-temporal-mutable-natural-relative

S

(Sacred) God-eternal-immutable-permanent- supernatural-absolute

Paley's argument for the existence of God

(from design)

Pascal, The Wager (Table)

-If you believe, and God exists, you gain everything -If you don't believe, and God exists, you lose everything -$100--> $500 -worth it to believe, you have nothing to lose -can never know if you are right or wrong

Main ideas from Paley's argument

-There must be a designer of all of the amazing works of nature, and that designer is God. -Defended rationality of Christian belief, but nothing is perfect

Main ideas from "The Blind Watchmaker"

-accumulating small change -single step selection vs. cumulative selection -single sieving, sorted once and for all vs. reproduce, mutation, over long time

Main ideas from "Pensees"

-defended the Christian faith -no proof that God exists, but you can rationally believe that He does

Mackie's solutions:

-good cannot exist w/o evil -wouldn't an "all good" God remove all evil from the universe??? -evil is due to human free will

Main ideas from St. Augustine

-problem of evil and how God is not to blame, but man because man abuses his God-given free will to do wrong -can't have good w/o evil -God providing evil temptation is a test???

Mackie says the problem of evil arises from the fact that there seems to be a contradiction between...

1) God is omnipotent, or all powerful 2) God is wholly (all) good 3) yet evil exists *the paradox of omnipotence

Model From Greek Philosophy

3 images -gadfly -stingray -midwife

Who wrote "Proslogion and Exchance with Guanilo, the ontological proof for the existence of God?

Anselm

Who wrote "Treatise on God", the cosmological proofs?

Aquinas

Who wrote "On Free Choice of the Will"?

Augustine

What does Socrates tell the people who voted against him?

By silencing their critic rather than listening to him, they have harmed themselves much more than they have harmed him

Who wrote "The Blind Watchmaker"?

Dawkins

3) critical reflection

Ex. There is a God

Mackie's order 3 Good

God, freedom

How does Socrates compare himself to a gadfly>

He is like a gadfly who stings the lazy horse which is the Athenian State.

Who wrote "Evil and Omnipotence"?

Mackie

Main idea of "The Apology"

Meletus accuses Socrates of impiety and corruption of youth

Who wrote "Natural Theology", argument from design

Paley

Who wrote "Pensees"?

Pascal

Who wrote "The Apology"?

Plato

Model from Hindu Philosophy

Rope-snake paradigm

Who said, "The unexamined life is not worth living"?

Socrates

Example from "The Blind Watchmaker"

Typewriter "Me thinks it is like a weasel"

Induction

aposteriori

Deduction

apriori

Aquinas argument for the existence of God

cosmological- there had to be a first cause

"Apologia" actually means __________ , not __________

defense; apology

Medieval

faith

"The unexamined life is not worth living." In other words, ...

ignorance is bliss.

Define impiety

lack of respect for God

Mackie's order 2 Evil

malevolence, selfishness, cruelty, cowardice

Anselm's argument for the existence of God

ontological- God is something that than which nothing greater can be thought

Mackie's order 1 Evil

pain, misery, suffering

Mackie's order 1 Good

pleasure, happiness

Modern

reason

Mackie's order 2 Good

sympathy, benevolence, compassion, courage