Philosophy Final

Berkeley was an idealist. This means that...

-correct-The material world does not exist; only ideas exist The material world is all there is You can do anything if you set your mind to it One should never give up ones ideals

Hume thought the 'self' persists when asleep.

True Correct! False

Idealism is a doctrine affirmed by Descartes which denies the existence of the material world.

True Correct! False

A belief is when one holds the propositional attitude towards a certain proposition that the proposition is true.

True False T

What are synthetic a priori concepts?

Correct Answer Concepts that shape how we experience the world, and which must therefore be a part of our mind before we have experiences. You Answered Concepts that are knowable before experience Concepts that tell us how to synthesize things Concepts of the noumenal world

According to Descartes, we can (ultimately) trust our clear and distinct ideas because:

Correct Answer a. God exists and is not a deceiver b. They correspond with reality c. They are exact copies of the external world You Answered d. Both B & C e. All of the above

What are Kant's three transcendental ideas?

Correct! Self, Cosmos, and God Self, Cosmos, and the Good Beauty, the Good, and Justice Cosmos, God and the Good

What is Kantian formalism?

Correct! The idea that knowledge is the interaction between mind and sensation. The idea that Plato's forms are the basis of reality. The idea that philosophers should dress formally. The idea that philosophy should be undertaken in the correct form.

What is the phenomena and the noumena?

Correct! The world as we experience it and the things as they exist independently of us. The world as we experience it and the world as God experiences it. The world as God experiences it and the way the world exists independently of us. God's perceptions and God's being

"Locke's Predicament" arises from his affirmation of these two claims: 1) we can only know what we can experience; 2) material substance exists, though we do not have direct experience of it.

Correct! True False

Kant would agree with the following claim: "knowledge is as much a feature of you as it is a representation of the world".

Correct! True False

Kant's philosophy is a direct response to David Hume.

Correct! True False

Hume thought that the cause and effect relationship could be proven scientifically.

Correct-False You Answered True No answer text provided. No answer text provided.

What is the principle of sufficient reason?

Correct-Nothing happens without a reason -Sufficient reasons inevitably cause everything -One must not act without first finding a sufficient reason to do so. -Everything happens because God caused it to happen

What is the only thing that Descartes thought that we could NOT doubt?

Correct-That I am a thing that thinks That God exists That philosophy is a way of life That I have a body

Hume says that if people tell you they saw a miracle, you should consider whether it is more probable that they seek to deceive you (or are themselves deceived).

Correct-True False

Descartes thinks the faculty of will is divisible, whereas the faculty of knowledge is indivisible.

True Correct Answer False

The Cartesian Genesis is Descartes' interpretation of the Catholic book of Genesis.

True Correct Answer False

Hume believed in the possibility of a priori synthetic judgments.

True Correct! False

Berkeley thinks your bedroom ceases to exist when you leave it.

You Answered True Correct Answer False

Which of the following is characteristic of Empiricism?

a. An epistemological position in which reason is said to be the primary source of all knowledge, superior to sense evidence. b. Bases knowledge on the a priori Correct Answer c. Relies upon a correspondence theory of truth d. Synonymous with Rationalism You Answered e. Both C & D

Transcendental Ideas:

a. Are ideas triggered by experience and help us to unify the whole of our experience You Answered b. Are three: Self, Cosmos, God c. Are two: Matter & Mind Correct Answer d. Both A & B e. Both A & C

Gettier:

a. Argues that knowledge is not a necessary condition of justified true belief b. Argues that knowledge is not a sufficient condition of justified true belief c. Argues that Jones loves Smith d. Defends the classical understanding of knowledge e. All of the above A

Which of the following is characteristic of Rationalism?

a. Bases knowledge on the a priori b. Relies upon a correspondence theory of truth c. Typically contrasted with Empiricism d. An epistemological position in which experience is said to be the primary source of all knowledge Correct! e. Both A & C

Berkeley:

a. Denied the distinction between primary and secondary qualities b. Believed in the relativity of all perceptions c. Denied Locke's copy theory d. Was an Idealist Correct! e. All of the above

Methodological Doubt:

a. Doubts method b. Begins with self-evident truths and refuses to accept anything we can doubt at all c. Was proposed by Descartes Correct! d. Both B & C e. All of the above

The idea that there must be at least as much reality in the efficient and total cause as in the effect of that cause is known as:

a. Effective Causation Correct Answer b. Reality Principle c. Efficiency Principle d. Total Causation You Answered e. Sufficient Causation

Transcendental Idealism:

a. Is a theory of knowledge created by Immanuel Kant b. Claims that what can be known must conform to the structure of our mind (rather than the usual view that our mind conforms to what can be known) c. Claims that our minds add something (like causation) to the raw data of experience; however, we can't know the something that we add (like causation) apart from experience You Answered d. Both A & C Correct Answer e. All of the above

We have an idea of perfection (call it "God"). Descartes thinks the content of that idea couldn't have come from us; therefore, the idea itself couldn't be our own making. He concludes that because something cannot come from nothing, our idea of perfection:

a. Is like God's trademark on our mind -- God is the source of the idea b. Is an innate idea c. Proves that God exists d. Both B & C Correct Answer e. All of the above

Nozick:

a. Modifies the classical understanding of knowledge in order to avoid Gettier cases b. Argues that in order for us to know something, we must believe it and our belief must track the truth c. Thinks that in order for our beliefs to track the truth, the only thing that is necessary is for us to believe that P is true when P is in fact true. d. A & B e. All of the above D

Locke affirms there is (are) ____ type(s) of substance we can know:

a. One: matter You Answered b. One: mind Correct Answer c. Two: matter and mind d. Two: form and function e. Zero: we can only know the present bundle of perceptions

Hume affirms there is (are) ____ type(s) of substance we can know:

a. One: matter b. One: mind You Answered c. Two: matter and mind d. Two: form and function Correct Answer e. Zero: we can only know the present bundle of perceptions

The empirical criterion of meaning:

a. Proposed by Hume as a method for determining the significance of a philosophical term You Answered b. Claims that a philosophical term is meaningless if it is not derived from an impression c. Method used to establish the interests of empires Correct Answer d. Both A & B e. All of the above

Descartes:

a. Was a brilliant mathematician and philosopher who is often credited with beginning the 'modern period' of philosophy b. Was a Catholic who sought to ground philosophy in what can be known, rather than in authority or tradition. c. Wanted to prove that God was an evil genius Correct Answer d. Both A & B e. All of the above

The classical understanding of knowledge is that knowledge:

a. is not always justified, true, and believed Correct Answer b. is a necessary condition of justified true belief c. is 100% certain You Answered d. Both B & C e. All of the above

Locke's copy theory:

a.Claims all ideas are copies of the things that caused the basic sensations on which they rest You Answered b. Claims the best ideas are copies which closely correspond to reality c. Is important for the correspondence theory of truth d. Claims that ideas which correspond to facts in the world pass the test of verification Correct Answer e. All of the above