Philosophy

Idealism - Definition

at its core is an emphasis on the reality of ideas, thoughts, minds, or selves, rather than a stress on material objects and forces. mind is real while matter is a by product of the mind Plato - Idealism - Universal truths 2+2=4,

Behaviorism

focuses on the laws of nature. Humanity, from the behaviorist perspective, is a a part of nature and , as a result, operates according to nature's laws. REality for the behavorist is independent of the human knower. The task is to observe living organisms, including humans, in attempt to discover the laws of behavior. Human beings are developed animals who learn in the same way other animals learn. Act- punished certain way

Educational Humanism

places stress on the uniqueness of the child -= a search for personal meaning in human existence, create learning environments in which children are free from intense competition, harsh discipline, and fear of failure.

Idealism - Epistemology (truth)

reality is not an experience, It has to do with taking hold of the idea and then retaining it in the mind. We know that it is true when it fits into harmonious nature of the universe. They rely heavy on intuition, revelation, and rationalism.

How does Ellen G. White define true education?

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Perennialism

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Philosophy

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Progressivism

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Quote

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Reconstructionism

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What is your personal definition of true education based on the knowledge you have gained in this course so far?

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Deschooling

...reaction to society and educational system. Public school funding - vouchers or grants learning webs and educational networks

Essentialism

...underlining philosophies idealism and realism, concerned citizens that feel that our system has gone to pot. - back to basics, and stricter discipline, concerned with tested facts and truth not frill, conservative position- Sputnik added weight to essentialism - provide a European type education.

Postmodernism (Definition)

1. Human beings have no access to reality and, therefore, no means of perceiving truth. 2. Reality is inaccessible because we are caught up in a prison house of language that shapes our thought before we think and because we cannot express what we think. 3. Through language we can create reality, and thus the nature of reality is determined by whoever has the power to shape language.

Realism (axiology)

According to the realist, values are obtained by the observation of nature. Nature contains the criteria for beauty.

Realism - Definition

Created by Aristotle - 384 B.C. reaction against abstractness, example of the tree, matter is independent of the mind =

Positivism (root of behaviorism)

Created by Auguste Comte 1798 - 3 epochs 1.theological -things are explained by references to spirits and gods, 2.metaphysical - things explained by essences, causes,... 3. the highest period positive - emphirical evidence is central in the behavorial methodology. - knowledge must be sense perceptions and the investigations of objective science.

Extentialism - axiology

Each person is responsible for their choices. Each individual is the supreme court to what is beautiful.

Neo-Scholasticism (Definition)- reason

Intellectual movement that developed in the western Europe 1050-1350 monastic orders, Thomas Aquinas - a person should acquire as much knowledge as possible through the use of human reason and then they rely on faith in the realm beyond the scope of human understanding. updated form of scholasticism and an appeal to, human reason

Pragmatism - Definition

Mind and matter are not two separate and independent substances. People know about matter only as they experience it and reflect upon that experience with their minds. Because human experiences changes, the concept of reality is constantly changing.

Idealisms - Metaphysics (believe)

Plato introduced Idealism around 427-347b.c - We live in a world of senses. One figures out ultimate reality through intellect. It is a rare gift that only thinkers and philosophers are given. Most people live by their senses.

Extentialism

Related to literature and arts, concerned with the emotions of individuals.. 1. the refusal to belong to any school 2. the repudiation of the adequacy of the philosophic system 3. dissatisfied with traditional philosophy as remote from life. Individualism is the central pillar

Neo-Scholasticism - axiology

The moral life is the life that is in harmony with reason. Humans are basically rational beings, and the good act is controlled by rationality.

Metaphysical

The study of questions concerning the nature of reality. What do we believe? mega questions? mega reality? 1.Cosmology - What is the purpose of the universe, theories regarding orgin of nature. 2. Theological - concepts dealing with is there a God? Is God all good and powerful. 3. Anthropological - study of human beings, Humanity is both the subject and the object of inquiry. 4. Ontological - study of the nature of existence, what it means for anything to be. is basic reality found in matter or physical energy? can it be found in spirit or spiritual energey?

Epistemology - T-K - A- E

The study of the nature of truth and knowledge and how they are attained and then evaluated. Sources 1. senses, Empiricism is the view that knowledge is obtained from the senses., 2.Revelation - prime importance of religion, Supernatural reality breaks into natural order 3. Authority - accepted because it comes from teachers, experienced person, textbooks 4. Reason - reasoning, logic, or thought is the central factor in knowledge is known as rationalism 5. Intuition - sudden flash of insight. a personal way of knowing

Neo-Scholasticism - epistemology (truth)- reason

Truth through rationalism and inspiration, 1. Intuitive or self evident truths God is good, 2. Synthetic statements depends on our experience. Both branches of neo-scholasticism rely heavily upon reason and the deductive forms of Aristotelian logic. neo-scholasticism believe in the hierarchy of truth

Positivism - Axiology

Vienna Circle - ?

Futurism

We are educating our youth to the past and not for the future. Future Shock - explosion of technology and knowledge. THe aim of the futurist is to help people prepare to respond to change and make choices in an intelligent manner as humanity moves into a future that has more than one possible configuration.

Axiology

What is of value? Two branches - Ethics - the study of moral values and conduct. What should I do? Ethical Theory - is concerned with providing right values as the foundation for right actions. Aesthetics - the realm of value that searches for the principles governing the appreciation of beauty and art. It is a realm of theory closely related to imagination and creative - tends to be highly personal and subjective.

Neo-Scholasticism

What is their purpose? the natural world that is open to reason, the other side is the supernatural realm, which is understood through intuition, revelation, and faith.

Extentialism - epistemology

individual existence is the focal point of existentialim's view of reality. WHo am I? What is the meaning of existence? it is the individual who gives meaning to such things in nature. As an individual goes through life they make choices and develop preferences and dislikes. Through this process they realize what he choose to be.

Empiricism

is a theory of knowledge which states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.[1] One of several views of epistemology, the study of human knowledge,

Postmodernism - epistemology

knowledge is constructed by humans, humans create knowledge and everything they know is made by them, knowledge is never stable and constantly changing - kaleidoscope - social construct

Pragmatism - epistemology - truth

knowledge is rooted in experience, Individuals do not merely receive knowledge- they make it as they interact with the environment.

Positivism - Epistemology

limited knowledge to statements of observable facts and their interrelations

Metaphysics

the study of questions concerning the nature of reality...

Realism - Epistemology (truths)

truth for the realist is viewed as observable fact. The realist seeks to discover how the world works by examining it.

Postmodernism - axiology

truth, beauty, and goodness are things that are discovered - not invented,

Realism - Metaphysics

ultimate reality is not in the realm of the mind. The universe is composed of matter in motion, so it is the physical world in which people live that makes up reality.

Critical Pedagogy

understanding the relationship between power and knowledge. "cultural politics" - grassroot projects educating of the lower classes, Critical Pedagogy theorist propose a revolutionary role for schools - lead out in creating a more just society.

Pragmatism - Axiology Value

values are relative and there are no absolute principles on which we can learn. Humanity is responsible for values - Education - students learn through experiences. The school experience is a part of life - rather than a preparation for life. Teachers are seen as fellow learners, but they have more experience. They methodology centers around giving students freedom of choice to have experiences.

Idealism (axiology) - value

words form the basis of idealism's method of instruction - absorption of ideas - the library is the center of education- the teacher's lecture's would help transfer knowledge to the student