Photosynthesis

How many membranes does chloroplast have?

2 membranes

At what measures does chlorophyll and other pigments absorb wavelengths of light?

400nm to 700nm

What is the summary equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H20 + C6H12O6 + 6O2

What energy is used the cyclic electron flow?

ATP. It is the only energy used

What are the parts of ATP?

Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine triphosphate

What are plants categorized as?

Autotrophs because they make their own food.

Describe the bond attaching to the last phosphate group in ATP

Bonded with a high energy chemical bond

What is photosynthesis' carbon source

CO2

What are the 2 gases that are exchanged through the stomata of a leaf?

CO2 (into the cell) O2 (leaving the cell)

What is considered a plant pigment that contains Red, orange, yellow colors?

Carotenoids

What is the organelle that contains mesophyll cells?

Chloroplast

Name 3 things that is released when the last phosphate bond on ATP is broken

Energy is released, ADP is formed, A free phosphate group

What are stacks of thylakoids called?

Granum (plural: grana)

Why do leaves turn colors in the fall?

Green chlorophyll is reduced and the other colors (carotenoids) are revealed.

Why are plants green?

Green wave lengths are reflected and the other colors are absorbed.

What other element, besides carbon, is involved in photosynthesis? What do they produce?

H2O- they produce organic molecules like the simple sugar glucose.

Where do plants store energy?

In chemical bonds of sugar

What type of reaction is photosynthesis. Why?

It is an endergonic reaction because it stores energy.

During fall, what happens to the amount of chlorophyll being produced by plants?

It is greatly reduced.

Where does photosynthesis occur

Leaves

What is the first part of photosynthesis?

Light reactions

What cells in the leaves contain chlorophyll called?

Mesophyll Cells

What is chloroplast?

Organelles containing chlorophyll.

What is the process in which ATP and ADP are formed

Phosphorlation

What is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is an anabolic reaction because it combines simple molecules into more complex molecules.

What does the Cyclic electron flow use?

Photosystem I

What does the noncyclic electron flow use?

Photosystem II

What is water split in to, and where is NADPH made.

Photosystem II- Photosystem I

What does chemiosmosis do?

Powers ATP synthesis in plants.

What colors do chlorophyll absorb the best?

Red and blue

What happens if the last phosphate bond with ATP is broken?

Releases energy for the cell

What is the outer membrane of the chloroplast like?

Smooth

What are the pores on the underside of leaves called?

Stoma

What is the thick fluid inside the chloroplast called?

Stroma

What is the 2nd part of photosynthesis?

The calvin cycle

What else is the calvin cycle called?

The carbon fixation

What does both photosystem I and II use?

The electron transport chain (ETC) to produce energy.

What is used in the Calvin Cycle to make the sugar glucose?

The gas CO2

What does the noncyclic electron flow generate?

The gas O2, ATP, and the energy carrier NADPH

What does the grana make up in the chloroplast?

The inner membrane.

What is oxidation? What is reduction?

The loss of reactions.- The addition or gain of electrons.

Where does oxygen made in plants come from?

The splitting of H2O

What is the energy source for life on Earth?

The sun

How is sunlight absorbed

Through energy packets called Photons

Where are chlorophyll molecules located?

Thylakoid

* Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis take place in chloroplast? *

Thylakoid membranes

Where does chemiosmosis occur in plants?

Thylakoid membranes

What is a redox reaction?

Transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another. (gain of electrons)

Besides gases, what else can be lost from a leaf?

Water Vapor.

What element is oxidized, and what element is reduced in photosynthesis?

Water-CO2

Does the calvin cycle require energy?

Yes