Phrase Structure & Form

What is a motive (motif)?

Motive/motif- a rhythmic-melodic pattern used to build a phrase

Define through composed form.

New music for each stanza, which often reflect the different and changing moods of each stanza

What does song form (aaba) most often contain?

Parallel period within the first two "a" sections

1. What does the first section of a sectional binary end with? In what key? 2. What of two things does a continuous binary do?

1. 1st section ends with a PAC/IAC (authentic cadence) in the original key 2. Either a non-authentic cadence is used at the end of the 1st section or the 1st section modulates at some point

1. How many sections are in binary form? 2. In binary form, each section is often what? 3. What letter form is sometimes used for binary form? 4. The B section often does what? What also happens at the end of it?

1. 2 sections (AB) 2. Repeated (AABB) 3. AA1 (2 sections made of the same or similar melodic material) 4. Often a new key in the B section, then returns to the tonic at the end of it

1. How many themes are there in the exposition of a sonata-allegro form? What key is each them in? 2. What does the exposition sometimes begin with? 3. What are the two themes connected by? 4. What does the 2nd theme end with? Define this.

1. 2 themes: Theme 1 in tonic key, Theme 2 in dominant key/relative major key (if in minor) 2. Introduction 3. A transition that modulates to the new key 4. A codetta (a brief conclusion that has an authentic cadence that may be repeated several times for emphasis)

1. What is the minimum number of phrases needed in an expanded period? 2. What are 4 common progressions in terms of inconclusive cadences (IC) and perfect authentic cadences (PAC) (each cadence represents the end of a phrase)?

1. 3+ phrases 2. IC-IC-PAC ; IC-IC-PAC-PAC ; IC-IC-IC-PAC ; IC-IC-IC-IC-PAC

1. What is the letter form of theme and variation form? 2. What is the difference between sectional variation and continuous variation? 3. What are the passacaglia and chaconne (variations off of this form) defined by?

1. AA1A2A3A4A5A6... one "section" repeated w/ variation indefinitely 2. Sectional: brief theme followed by variations (sometimes variations then theme or them, variation, theme- both of these are less common); Continuous: has a short harmonic pattern that's repeated numerous times 3. Bass ostinata (repeating bass theme) over the rest of the musical structure

1. What is the letter form of strophic form? 2. What remains unchanged throughout each section?

1. AAAA 2. Same music used for each verse/stanza (i.e. Amazing Grace)

1. What is ternary form in letters? 2. How does the B section compare to the A section? 3. What is often done to the first A? What becomes the new form?

1. ABA form 2. B section often has contrasting key and tempo 3. First A often repeated (AABA form) (i.e. Anitra's Dance)

1. Define compound ternary form. 2. What should you confuse with compound ternary form? 3. What is a common compound ternary form in terms of subsections?

1. Compound Ternary form- 1 or more parts are subdivided into 2+ parts 2. Don't confuse subsections for sections 3. ABA, where each section has an A and a B subsection (AB-AB-AB)

1. How many phrases in a double period? 2. What do the first 3 phrases end with? Final phrase? 3. What is often true about the 1st and 3rd phrases and the 2nd and 4th phrases, respectively?

1. Double Period- 4 phrases 2. 1st 3 phrases end w/ an inconclusive cadence; las phrase ends w/ a PAC 3. 1/3 + 2/4 often similar to each other

1. How long are the sections in rounded binary form compared to one another? 2. After the B section, what follows? Which part is this usually? 3. How 2 ways can rounded binary form be notated as? 4. What is the difference between rounded binary form and song form?

1. Equal in length 2. A portion (usually half) of the A section's material (usually the latter half containing a PAC) 3. I: A :II: B 1/2 A :I OR I: A :II: B partial A :I 4. Song form has ALL of the A section at the end; rounded binary form doesn't

1. Define D.C. al Coda 2. Define D.S. al Coda 3. Define D.C al Fine 4. Define D.S. al Fine

1. Go to the beginning, play to the Coda marking, then play the Coda 2. Go back to the D.S. symbol, play to the Coda sign, then play the Coda 3. Go to the beginning, play to the end or where it says "Fine" 4. Go to the D.S. symbol, play to the end or where it says "Fine"

1. Define parallel period. 2. Define contrasting period. 3. What are 3 commonalities that a parallel period and a contrasting period share?

1. Parallel Period- has 2 similar phrases where the beginning of the melody is the same in both 2. Contrasting Period- 2 different phrases 3. 1) 2 phrases ; 2) Phrase 1 ends with an inconclusive cadence ; 3) Phrase 2 ends with a PAC

1. Define period. Name a typical period structure. 2. Define antecedent phrase. What does it end with? 3. Define consequent phrase. What does it end with?

1. Period- 2 phrases that work together; typical structure: Phrase 1 - HC - Phrase 2 - PAC 2. Antecedent Phrase- 1st phrase of a period; ends with an inconclusive cadence (HC, DC, or IAC) 3. Consequent Phrase- 2nd phrase of a period; ends w/ a conclusive cadence (PAC)

1. Define phrase. What is the end of a phrase usually indicated by? What is another name for a phrase? 2. What are phrases labeled with?

1. Phrase (section)- a complete musical thought, the end of which is usually indicated by a cadence 2. Lowercase letters

1. What happens to phrase 2 in a modulating period? 2. Where are modulating periods seen most often?

1. Phrase 2 modulates into a new key 2. Often in part A of binary form pieces (2nd phrase modulates into the dominant or relative major key, if in minor)

In the recapitulation of a sonata-allegro form... 1. What function does the section serve? 2. How many themes? What keys are they in? 3. What may the composer do during the recapitulation? 4. What does it end with?

1. Restatement of the the exposition 2. 2 themes that are both in the tonic key 3. May add, remove, or develop parts to create variations in texture/orchestration (if for an orchestra) 4. Ends with a coda

1. Define rondo form. What are the A sections called? Other sections? 2. What are two common rondo forms?

1. Rondo Form- a section (motive) is repeated several times with different sections (episodes/digressions) in between each repetition 2. ABACA, ABACABA, ABCBA (arch form- no same as 7-part form, but no intermediate motive sections)

1. Define coda/codetta. 2. Define D.C. (da capo) 3. Define al Coda. 4. Define al Fine.

1. The closing few measures of a composition following a PAC; usually not a part of the main thematic material, but an ending added to give closure 2. "to the head"; directs player to the beginning of the score 3. "from the sign"; directs player back to the D.S. symbol in the score 4. "to the Coda" play to the Coda marking, then play the Coda 5. repeat from the beginning to the end or to the word "Fine"

How many sections are in sonata-allegro form? Name them.

3 sections: exposition development, recapitulation

What is an asymmetric period?

A period where each phrase has a different number of measures

What does a phrase group not have present?

All the phrases have the question (inconclusive cadence)/answer (conclusive cadence) form

Define form.

Form- the analysis of phrase structure

What happens in the development of a sonata-allegro form?

Themes developed in the exposition are presented (often in new keys).