PHYL141 CH 1 Review questions

39. If a bullet were to penetrate a lung, which three anterior thoracic body cavities would it enter, and which layer of the serous membrane would it encounter first?

(first) ventral: cavity that makes up the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity (second) thoracic: chest cavity (third): pleural cavities: lung cavity - parietal layer of the serous membrane: lines cavity

17. After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distension (the stimulus) resulting from the food. They relay this information to ________. A) a control center B) a set point C) effectors D) sensors

A) a control center

8. The smallest independently functioning biological unit of an organism is a(n) ________. A) cell B) molecule C) organ D) tissue

A) cell

9. A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________. A) organ B) organelle C) organism D) organ system

A) organ

37. What regulatory processes would your body use if you were trapped by a blizzard in an unheated, uninsulated cabin in the woods?

Any prolonged exposure to extreme cold would activate the brain's heat-gain center. This would reduce blood flow to your skin, and shunt blood returning from your limbs away from the digits and into a network of deep veins. Your brain's heat-gain center would also increase your muscle contraction, causing you to shiver. This increases the energy consumption of skeletal muscle and generates more heat. Your body would also produce thyroid hormone and epinephrine, chemicals that promote increased metabolism and heat production.

19. Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive feedback loop? A) blood pressure regulation B) childbirth C) regulation of fluid balance D) temperature regulation

B) childbirth

23. The heart is within the ________. A) cranial cavity B) mediastinum C) posterior (dorsal) cavity D) All of the above

B) mediastinum

25. Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells? A) CT B) MRI C) PET D) ultrasonography

C) PET

21. To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the ________. A) coronal plane B) longitudinal plane C) mid-sagittal plane D) transverse plane

C) mid-sagittal plane

26. Which of the following imaging studies can be used most safely during pregnancy? A) CT scans B) PET scans C) ultrasounds D) X-rays

C) ultrasounds

20. What is the position of the body when it is in the "normal anatomical position?" A) The person is prone with upper limbs, including palms, touching sides and lower limbs touching at sides. B) The person is standing facing the observer, with upper limbs extended out at a ninety-degree angle from the torso and lower limbs in a wide stance with feet pointing laterally C) The person is supine with upper limbs, including palms, touching sides and lower limbs touching at sides. D) None of the above

D) None of the above

22. The lumbar region is ________. A) inferior to the gluteal region B) inferior to the umbilical region C) superior to the cervical region D) superior to the popliteal region

D) superior to the popliteal region

36. Identify the four components of a negative feedback loop and explain what would happen if secretion of a body chemical controlled by a negative feedback system became too great.

The four components of a negative feedback loop are: stimulus, sensor, control center, and effector. If too great a quantity of the chemical were excreted, sensors would activate a control center, which would in turn activate an effector. In this case, the effect of (the secreting cells) would be adjusted downward.