PHYS 100 final exam

_____________are the electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelength

Gamma rays

A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum potential energy at a. the top. b. a quarter of the way down. c. halfway down. d. the bottom.

a

A total shadow is called a. an umbra, and a partial shadow a penumbra. b. a penumbra, and a partial shadow an umbra. c. an umbra or a penumbra, depending on the position of the light source d. an umbra or a penumbra, depending on the size of the object casting the shadow e. none of the above

a

According to the principle of continuity, the velocity of a fluid multiplied by the cross section through which it flows at one point will equal the product of a. velocity and cross section at another point. b. velocity and pressure at another point. c. a constraint factor. d. none of the above

a

An Earth satellite is simply a projectile a. freely falling around Earth. b. floating motionless in space near Earth. c. approaching Earth from outer space. d. none of these

a

An elephant radiates less heat for its size than smaller animals because a. its radiating area is small compared to its volume. b. its radiating area is large compared to its volume. c. it is taller than smaller animals. d. it weighs more than smaller animals. e. none of the above

a

Dr. Chuck projects a ball horizontally from a lab bench. The ball lands on a bullseye marked on the floor a horizontal distance equal to the ball's initial speed a. multiplied by its time in the air. b. coupled with its speed of fall. c. squared plus its downward speed squared when hitting the floor. d. all of the above e. none of the above

a

Earth continually moves about 30 km/s through space, which means the wall you stand next to also is moving at 30 km/s. When you jump vertically the wall doesn't slam into you because a. you're moving horizontally just as fast as the wall. b. the speeds of you and Earth cancel out. c. your upward motion is small compared with Earth's speed. d. motion of the Sun counteracts your motion.

a

If no external forces act on a moving object, it will a. continue moving at the same speed. b. move slower and slower until it finally stops. c. come to an abrupt halt. d. none of the above

a

Into which stable force field can a proton be placed at rest without being acted upon by a force? a. magnetic field b. electric field c. gravitational field d. any of these e. none of these

a

Planets wobble in their orbits due to a. the gravitational attraction to other planets. b. uncertainties in the inverse-square law. c. elliptical-orbit quirks. d. all of the above e. none of the above

a

Release a ball inside a freely falling elevator and it stays directly in front of you instead of "falling to the floor," because you, ball, elevator, and enclosed air are in free fall. If you do the same with a heliumfilled balloon, the balloon will a. also remain in front of you. b. press against the ceiling. c. press against the floor. d. slowly rise. e. slowly fall.

a

The Moon does not crash into Earth because the a. Moon has a sufficient tangential speed. b. Earth's gravitational field is relatively weak at the Moon. c. gravitational pull of other planets keeps the Moon up. d. Moon has less mass than Earth. e. none of the above

a

The lift experienced by a helicopter involves an action-reaction pair of forces between the a. helicopter blades and the air. b. mass of the helicopter and Earth's mass. c. weight of the helicopter and atmospheric pressure. d. motion of the helicopter relative to the ground below. e. any or all of the above

a

The most basic of the sciences of physics, chemistry, and biology is a. physics. b. chemistry. c. biology. d. all of the above e. none of the above

a

Two projectiles are fired from ground level at equal speeds but different angles. One is fired at an angle of 30° and the other at 60°. Neglecting air resistance, the projectile to hit the ground first will be the one fired at a. 30 degrees b. 60 degrees c. both hit at the same time d. need more information

a

When no forces act on moving objects their paths are normally a. straight lines. b. circles. c. ellipses. d. all of the above

a

When the frequency of light matches the natural frequency of molecules in a material, light is a. absorbed. b. transmitted. c. reflected. d. any of the above e. none of the above

a

While an airplane flies at 40 m/s at an altitude of 500 meters, the pilot drops a heavy package that falls to the ground. Neglecting air drag, about where does the package land relative to the plane flying above? a. directly beneath the plane b. 400 m behind the plane c. 500 m behind the plane d. more than 500 m behind the plane e. none of the above

a

Your friend says that the heavyweight champion of the world cannot exert a force of 50 N on an isolated piece of tissue paper with his best punch. You a. agree that it can't be done. b. have reservations about this assertion. c. "disagree, for a good punch easily delivers this much force."

a

Your friend says that the heavyweight champion of the world cannot exert a force of 50 N on an isolated piece of tissue paper with his best punch. You a. agree that it can't be done. b. have reservations about this assertion. c. disagree, for a good punch easily delivers this much force.

a

The attraction between unlike substances is called ____________

adhesion

The principal difference between radio, infrared light, and X-rays is ______________

angular momentum

A block is dragged without acceleration in a straight-line path across a level surface by a force of 6 N. What is the force of friction between the block and the surface? a. less than 6 N b. 6 N c. more than 6 N d. need more information

b

A dropped ball gains speed because a. its velocity changes. b. a gravitational force acts on it. c. of inertia. d. its nature is to become closer to Earth.

b

A main difference between gravitational and electric forces is that electrical forces a. attract only. b. repel or attract. c. obey the inverse-square law. d. act over shorter distances. e. are weaker

b

A rock weighs 30 N on Earth and another rock weighs 30 N on the Moon. Which rock has the greater mass? a. the one on Earth b. the one on the Moon c. They have the same mass. d. not enough information

b

A setting Sun appears red due to a. scattering of lower frequencies by larger particles in the air. b. light's longer path through air at sunset. c. lower frequencies of light emitted during sunset. d. absorption by smaller particles in the air. e. none of the above

b

A temperature difference of 10 Celsius degrees is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the a. Fahrenheit scale. b. Kelvin scale. c. both of these d. neither of these

b

A torque acting on an object tends to produce a. equilibrium. b. rotation. c. linear motion. d. velocity. e. a center of gravity

b

An astronaut at Earth's surface has a mass of 50 kg and a weight of 500 N. If she were floating freely inside a space habitat in remote space, she would have a. no weight and less mass. b. no weight and the same mass. c. more weight and no mass. d. more weight and more mass. e. none of the above

b

An isotope is simply an atom that a. is electrically charged. b. has different numbers of neutrons for the same element. c. both of these d. neither of these

b

Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by a. photosynthesis. b. thermonuclear fusion. c. radiant energy conversion. d. radioactivity. e. none of the above

b

Doubling the linear size of an object multiplies its area by a. 2 and its volume by 4. b. 4 and its volume by 8. c. 8 and its volume by 16. d. none of the above

b

Dr. Chuck projects a ball horizontally from a lab bench. The ball lands on a bullseye marked on the floor a horizontal distance away. Compared to the time for the ball to simply drop vertically from the bench, the time in the air for Dr. Chuck's projected ball is a. less b. the same c. greater d. need more information

b

During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst due to a. the ground contracting when colder. b. water expanding when freezing. c. water contracting when freezing. d. thawing producing pressure on the pipes. e. none of the above

b

Electromagnetic waves consist of a. compressions and rarefactions of electromagnetic pulses. b. oscillating electric and magnetic fields. c. particles of light energy. d. high-frequency sound waves. e. none of the above.

b

How many different kinds of elements are in a water molecule? a. one b. two c. three d. four e. none

b

If an object moves with constant acceleration, its velocity must a. be constant also. b. change by the same amount each second. c. change by varying amounts depending on its speed. d. always decrease

b

If an object moves with constant acceleration, its velocity must a. be constant also. b. change by the same amount each second. c. change by varying amounts depending on its speed. d. always decrease.

b

If the mass of an object were doubled while its volume remained the same, its density would a. be half. b. double. c. stay the same. d. be four times as great. e. none of the above

b

In free space, electromagnetic waves travel at a a. variety of speeds. b. single speed. c. speed depending on frequency. d. none of the above

b

Inertia is defined as a a. force. b. property of matter. c. change in motion. d. none of the above

b

It is correct to say that impulse is equal to a. momentum. b. a corresponding change in momentum. c. force multiplied by the distance it acts. d. velocity multiplied by time. e. none of the above

b

It is important that the two metals that compose a bimetallic strip have a. different conductivities. b. different rates of expansion. c. equal thicknesses. d. all of the above e. none of the above

b

It is said that electric charge is quantized, which means that the charge on an object a. may occur in an infinite variety of quantities. b. is a whole-number multiple of the charge of one electron. c. will interact with neighboring electric charges. d. can be neither created nor destroyed. e. is sometimes positive.

b

Multiple the equation for linear momentum by radial distance r and you have a. rotational kinetic energy. b. angular momentum. c. rotational inertia. d. potential energy

b

Newton's Cradle consists of an aligned row of identical elastic balls suspended by strings so they barely touch one another. When two balls are raised from one end and released, they strike the row and two balls pop out from the other end. If instead, one ball popped out with twice the speed of the two, this would violate a. momentum conservation. b. energy conservation. c. both of these d. none of these

b

One neutron added to a helium nucleus results in a. hydrogen. b. helium c. boron d. lithium e. beryllium

b

Phil applies 100 N to a pulley system and raises a load one-tenth of his downward pull. Ideally, the weight of the load is a. 100 N. b. 1000 N. c. 10,000 N. d. more than 10,000 N

b

Science later greatly advanced when Galileo favored a. philosophical discussions over experiment. b. experiment over philosophical discussions. c. nonmathematical thinking. d. none of the above

b

The amount of gravitational force that acts on a space vehicle while in Earth orbit is a. nearly zero. b. nearly as much as the vehicle's weight on Earth's surface. c. the same as the vehicle's weight on Earth's surface. d. twice the vehicle's weight on Earth's surface. e. none of the above

b

The temperature of outer space is a. absolute zero b. about 2.7 kelvin c. 100 kelvin d. 300 kelvin e. none of the above.

b

The vast numbers of electrons in a coin don't fly off the surface because a. mutual repulsion is incomplete. b. they are attracted by an equal number of protons. c. they are strongly bonded to their atoms. d. all of the above e. none of the above

b

When ice floats in water, a small part of it extends above the surface. Interestingly, the volume of ice that extends above the surface is equal to the volume of the a. water the ice displaces. b. vast number of open spaces in all the hexagonal ice crystals. c. both of these d. neither of these

b

. Solar winds headed in Earth's direction are deviated mainly by a. the upper atmosphere. b. the troposphere. c. Earth's magnetic field. d. Earth's radiation belts. e. none of the above

c

. The fact that light travels only at 300,000 km/s in free space is a consequence of a. electromagnetic wave propagation. b. electromagnetic field induction. c. energy conservation. d. Maxwell's laws. e. none of the above

c

A beam is under stress when it carries a load. The part of a beam where no tension or compression occurs is the a. upper flange. b. lower flange. c. neutral layer. d. all of these e. neither of these

c

A cannon recoils while firing a cannonball. The speed of the cannon's recoil is relatively small because the a. force against the cannon is smaller than against the ball. b. momentum is mainly concentrated in the cannonball. c. cannon has much more mass than the cannonball. d. momentum of the cannon is smaller

c

A gun with a muzzle velocity of 100 m/s is fired horizontally from a tower. Neglecting air resistance, how far downrange will the bullet be 1 second later? a. 50 m b. 98 m c. 100 m d. 490 m e. none of the above

c

An iron rod becomes magnetic when a. opposite ions accumulate at each end. b. its atoms are aligned. c. the net spins of many of its electrons are aligned. d. its electrons stop moving and point in the same direction. e. none of the above

c

As a huge rotating cloud of particles in space gravitate together forming an increasingly dense ball, it shrinks in size and a. rotates slower. b. rotates at the same speed. c. rotates faster. d. cannot rotate.

c

As you crawl toward the edge of a large freely-rotating horizontal turntable in a carnival funhouse, the angular momentum of you and the turntable a. decreases. b. increases. c. remains the same, but the revolutions per minute decrease. d. decreases in direct proportion to your decrease in revolutions per minute. e. none of these

c

Buoyant force acts upward on a submerged object because a. it acts in a direction to oppose gravity. b. the weight of fluid displaced reacts with an upward force. c. pressure against its bottom is greater than pressure against its top. d. all of the above e. none of the above

c

Eight little spheres of mercury coalesce to form a single sphere. Compared to the combined surface areas of the eight little spheres, the surface area of the big sphere is a. one eighth. b. one quarter. c. one half. d. the same. e. double.

c

For a scientific hypothesis to be valid, there must be a test for proving it a. right. b. wrong. c. conclusively one way or the other

c

For a scientific hypothesis to be valid, there must be a test for proving it a. right. b. wrong. c. conclusively one way or the other.

c

Glass in a florist's greenhouse acts as a one-way valve in that it a. lets light energy flow only in one direction. b. cuts off unwanted radiation. c. allows high-frequency waves in and blocks low-frequency waves exiting. d. is transparent only to lower-frequency waves. e. none of the above

c

If the Sun were to disappear at this moment, we wouldn't know about it for a. 7 seconds, reflex time. b. 8 seconds. c. 8 minutes. d. 8 hours. e. none of the above

c

If the Sun were twice as massive a. its pull on Earth would double. b. the pull of Earth on the Sun would double. c. both of these d. neither of these

c

Inertia is defined as a a. force. b. change in motion. c. property of matter. d. none of the above

c

Jogging Jake runs at 4 m/s along a train flatcar that moves at 10 m/s in the same direction. Jake's speed relative to the ground is a. 6 m/s. b. 10 m/s. c. 14 m/s. d. none of the above

c

The Moon does not crash into Earth because a. Earth's gravitational field is relatively weak at the Moon. b. gravitational pull of other planets keeps the Moon up. c. Moon has a sufficient tangential speed. d. Moon has less mass than Earth. e. none of the above

c

The color of an opaque object is the same as the light that is a. transmitted. b. absorbed. c. reflected. d. all of the above e. none of the above

c

The fact that light travels only at 300,000 km/s in free space is a consequence of a. electromagnetic wave propagation. b. electromagnetic field induction. c. energy conservation. d. Maxwell's laws. e. none of the above

c

The fastest moving planet in a solar system is the a. smallest planet. b. most massive planet. c. planet nearest the Sun. d. planet farthest from the Sun. e. all move at the same speed.

c

The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of a. electron shells that surround the nucleus. b. neutrons in the nucleus. c. orbital electrons. d. none of the above

c

The shape of a magnetic field surrounding a current-carrying conductor is a. consistent with the inverse-square law. b. radial. c. circular. d. all of these e. neither of these

c

The tapered shape of the wheel rims that ride on railroad tracks allows opposite wheels to a. in effect, vary their diameters. b. travel at different linear speeds for the same rotational speed. c. both of these d. none of these

c

The total momentum of a flock of identical birds could be zero only if the birds are a. taking off from the ground. b. flying in the same direction. c. flying in different directions. d. very tired and coming down to rest.

c

The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are a. acceleration and time. b. velocity and time. c. distance and time. d. distance and acceleration. e. velocity and distance.

c

The work you do when pushing a shopping cart twice as far while applying twice the force is a. half as much. b. twice as much. c. four times as much. d. the same amount

c

There is a legend of a Dutch boy who bravely held back the Atlantic Ocean by plugging a leak near the top of a dike with his finger until help arrived. Which is the more likely scenario? a. the huge size of the Atlantic Ocean makes this impossible b. although the force on his finger would have been huge, the pressure would have been small enough for this to occur c. the force on his finger would have been less than 1 N d. both force and pressure on his finger would have been great, but not too great for a public-spirited Dutch lad e. none of the above

c

When a bimetallic bar made of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip. The reason for this is a. iron gets hotter before copper. b. copper gets hotter before iron. c. copper expands more than iron. d. iron expands more than copper. e. none of the above

c

When a karate chop breaks a board with a 3000-N blow, the amount of force that acts on the hand is a. zero. b. 1500 N. c. 3000 N. d. 6000 N. e. none of the above

c

When water is turned on in a shower, the shower curtain moves towards the water spray. This partly involves a. capillary action. b. surface tension. c. pressure changes in moving fluids. d. none of the above

c

When we see a half Moon in the sky, the lines between Earth, Moon, and Sun a. are equal in length. b. are parallel to one another. c. form a right triangle d. all of the above

c

When we see a half Moon in the sky, the lines between Earth, Moon, and Sun a. are equal in length. b. are parallel to one another. c. form a right triangle. d. all of the above

c

Which of these is correct? a. a piece of solid iron floats in molten iron. b. a piece of solid aluminum floats in molten aluminum. c. a piece of ice floats in water. d. all the above e. none of the above

c

A swimmer cannot snorkel more than a meter deep because air a. in the lungs cannot easily be expelled. b. tends to liquefy in the snorkel tube. c. is buoyed up leaving the swimmer breathless. d. at the surface will not freely enter the higher-pressure region in the compressed lungs. e. all of the above

d

A vehicle undergoes acceleration when it a. gains speed. b. loses speed. c. changes its direction. d. all of the above e. none of the above

d

An aurora borealis high above the atmosphere is due to a. disturbances in Earth's magnetic field. b. fountains of high-speed charged particles. c. trapping of charged particles by Earth's magnetic field. d. all of the above e. none of the above

d

Between a pair of equal and opposite charges, field lines are a. directed from positive to negative. b. more concentrated closer to the charges. c. vectors, with patterns that stem from the inverse-square law. d. all of the above e. none of the above

d

Compared to the ocean, Earth's atmosphere is different in that a. its density varies with depth. b. it has a less-distinct surface. c. molecules are more greatly spaced. d. all of the above e. none of the above

d

Different colors of light correspond to different light a. velocities. b. intensities. c. polarities. d. frequencies. e. none of the above

d

The contained air in a closed, sealed can placed on a hot stove will undergo an increase in a. internal energy. b. temperature. c. pressure. d. all of the above e. none of the above

d

The earliest and most influential Greek philosopher was Aristotle, who among many contributions taught that a. the four elements are earth, water, air, and fire. b. all motion is either natural or violent. c. violent motion requires a sustained push or pull. d. all of the above e. none of the above

d

The energy source responsible for molecular motions in Earth's atmosphere is a. their own natural kinetic energy. b. pressure caused by the weight of air. c. atmospheric tides. d. the Sun. e. none of the above

d

The famous Leaning Tower of Pisa doesn't topple over because its center of gravity is a. relatively low for such a tall building. b. stabilized by its structure. c. displaced from its center. d. above a place of support. e. in the same place as its center of mass.

d

The greenish blue of water is evidence for the a. reflection of greenish-blue light. b. reflection of red light. c. absorption of greenish-blue light. d. absorption of red light. e. interaction between green and blue frequencies of light

d

The quantity of heat that a substance can transfer relates to its a. mass b. specific heat capacity c. change in its temperature. d. all of the above e. none of the above

d

The source of all magnetism is a. tiny pieces of iron. b. tiny domains of aligned atoms. c. ferromagnetic materials. d. moving electric charge. e. none of the above

d

There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of a. a large auditorium. b. a large city. c. the United States. d. the whole world. e. none of the above

d

To a fair approximation, Early Greeks knew the a. size of Earth. b. size of the Moon. c. Earth-Moon distance. d. all of the above e. none of the above

d

To say that electric charge is conserved means that no case has ever been found where a. the total charge on an object has changed. b. quantity of negative charge on an object exactly balances positive charge. c. the total quantity of charge on an object has increased. d. net charge has been created or destroyed. e. none of the above

d

Two charges that are separated by one meter exert 1-N forces on each other. If the charges are pushed together so the separation is 25 centimeters, the force on each charge will be a. 1 N. b. 2 N. c. 4 N. d. 16 N. e. 32 N.

d

When a pair of 10-N forces act on a box of candy, the net force on the box is a. zero. b. about 14 N. c. 20 N. d. Any of the above depending on the directions of forces

d

When a skateboarder pushes on a wall, a. an interaction occurs between the skateboarder and the wall. b. the wall pushes on the skateboarder. c. such a push couldn't happen unless the wall pushed on the skateboarder. d. all the above e. none of the above

d

Which of the following is a vector quantity? a. area b. volume c. mass d. none of the above

d

While Earth is experiencing a total solar eclipse, an observer on the side of the Moon facing Earth would see a. Earth disappear from the sky. b. Earth dim and turn reddish. c. nothing unusual. d. a dark area moving across the face of Earth. e. none of the above

d

A light aluminum ball and a heavy lead ball of the same size roll down an incline. When they are halfway down the incline, they will have identical a. kinetic energies. b. potential energies. c. momentum. d. inertias. e. none of the above

e

Compared to the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, the amount of energy released when they recombine is a. slightly more. b. slightly less. c. much more. d. much less. e. the same.

e

There would be only one ocean tide per 24-hour day if the a. Earth and Moon were equally massive. b. Moon were more massive than Earth. c. Sun's influence on the tides were negligible. d. Moon's mass were small — only a few kilograms. e. none of the above

e

When you and your snowboard are in motion, which of the following can be zero? a. momentum b. kinetic energy c. mass d. inertia e. none of the above

e

Which of these electromagnetic waves have the shortest wavelength? a. radio waves b. infrared waves c. ultraviolet waves d. visible light waves e. X-rays

e

Kepler discovered that the orbits of the planets around the Sun are ________________ in shape

elliptical

To melt ice, you add __________

energy

You launch a rocket from Earth, for the rocket not to fall back to Earth, it mush achieve _______________

escape velocity/speed

The principal difference between radio, infrared light, and X-rays is _______________

frequency/waves

Newton's first law of motion is called the law of ___________

inertia

The Systeme International (SI) unit for length is the ____________

meter

The form of energy that travels from the sun through space is _________ energy

radiative

An object in uniform circular motion has constant _____________ but changing __________

speed - velocity

Two objects with the same mass have the same momentum only if they also have the same ________

velocity