PHYS222 Exams 1,2,3 COMBINED

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A 5 m long straight wire carries a current of 5 A directed north (ignore the rest of the circuit). The magnitude of the force on this section of wire in a region where a uniform 5 T magnetic field points south is

The voltage at the terminals of an automobile battery is 12.0 V when no current is drawn. When the starter motor is running, it draws a current of 100 A and the battery voltage falls to 10.0 V. What is the internal resistance of the battery?

0.02 Ω

Two resistors are in parallel. When the current at point 1 is 0.15 A, and the current at point 2 is 0.05 A, what is the current at point 3? point 1 is next to the battery source, point 2 is by the first resistor closest to the battery, and point 3 is by the second resistor in parallel to the first. (like the figure, but without the third far-right resistor)

0.1A

Which of the points shown in the figure below are at the same potential?

1 and 4

What is the approximate minimum length of the plane mirror required to see your full image once?

1/2 your height

Suppose that the speed of yellow visible light in a certain transparent medium is 2.36* 10^5 km/s. What, approximately, is the index of refraction of this substance for yellow light?

2.36* 10^5 km/s >>>> 236,000,000 m/s 236,000,000 m/s = 300,000,000/n 300,000,000/236,000,000 = 1.27 1.27

A high voltage transmission line has an aluminum cable of diameter 3.0 cm and is 200 km long. The resistivity of Aluminum is 2.8*10-8 Ωm. What is the resistance of this cable?

7.9 Ω

The figure below shows the electric field lines for a system of two point charges. Point charge q2 has a charge of 2 microCoulomb. What is the charge of point charge q1?

8 microCoulomb

A negative charge is moved from point A to point B along an equipotential surface. Which of the following statements must be true for this case? A) No work is required to move the negative charge from point A to point B. B) The work done on the charge depends on the distance between A and B. C) The negative charge performs work in moving from point A to point B. D) Work is required to move the negative charge from point A to point B. E) Work is done in moving the negative charge from point A to point B.

A) No work is required to move the negative charge from point A to point B.

The figure shows three electric charges labeled Q1, Q2, Q3, and some electric field lines in the region surrounding the charges. What are the signs of the three charges? A)Q1 is positive, Q2 is negative, Q3 is positive. B)Q1 is positive, Q2 is positive, Q3 is negative. C)Q1 is negative, Q2 is positive, Q3 is negative. D)All three charges are negative.E)All three charges are positive.

A) Q1 is positive, Q2 is negative, Q3 is positive.

An electron moving along the +x-axis enters a magnetic field. If the electron experiences a magnetic deflection in the -y direction, then the magnetic field must have a component A) along the -z-axis B) along the -x-axis C) along the -y-axis D) along the +y-axis E) along the +z-axis

A) along the -z-axis

Suppose a region of space has a uniform electric field, directed towards the right, as shown in the figure. Which statement about the electric potential is true? A)The potential at points A and B are equal, and the potential at point C is lower than the potential at point A. B)The potential at point A is the highest, the potential at point B is the second highest, and the potential at point C is the lowest. C)The potential at points A and B are equal, and the potential at point C is higher than the potential at point A. D)The potential at all three locations (A, B, C) is the same because the field is uniform. (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/10-suppose-region-space-uniform-electric-field-directed-towards-right-shown-figure-stateme-q24172936 )

A)The potential at points A and B are equal, and the potential at point C is lower than the potential at point A.

A negatively charged rod is brought near a neutral metal sphere. Which of the following is true? A. There is an attractive force between the rod and sphere. B. There is a repulsive force between the rod and sphere. C. There is no electric force between the rod and sphere.

A. There is an attractive force between the rod and sphere.

Equipotential lines around two point charges are shown. What is the direction of the electric field at points A and B?

A: to the right B: up

A parallel combination of resistors has an equivalent (or effective) resistance of 2 Ω. Which one of the following is true?

Each of the individual resistances is greater than 2 Ω.

A cube with sides of area 78 cm^2 contains a 22.1 nanoCoulomb charge. Find the flux of the electric field through the surface of the cube in units of Nm^2/C.

I = q/ε = 22.1x10^-9 C / 8.85x10^-12 Nm^2/C) = *2497.2 Nm^2/C*

An electron moves perpendicular to a magnetic field. The magnetic force on the electron points in the direction shown in the figure. What is the direction of B? (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/part-long-wire-carries-20-left-right-electron-10x10-2-m-wire-traveling-right-speed-10x108--q10924115 )

Into the page F = qv x B (-i) = (-q)(-j) x B -i = j x B B = -k

What is the deBroglie wavelength (in nm) of a neutron (m = 1.67*10-27 kg) moving with a speed of 51 m/s?

J = kg m^2 s^-2 λ = h/mv = 6.63x10^-34 Js / (1.67x10^-27kg)(51 m/s) = 6.63x10^-34 kg m^2 s^-1 / 8.517x10^-26 kg m s^-1 =7.78x10^-9 m *=7.78 nm*

Equipotential lines around several point charges are shown. What are the signs of the charges at points A and B? (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/equipotential-lines-around-several-point-charges-shown-signs-charges-points-b-cannot-deter-q39973753 )

The charge at B is positive and the charge at A is negative.

Using the image below as your only evidence, what MUST be true about charged objects 1 and 2?

The charge on both objects has the same sign.

Consider the situation shown below. A wire carrying a current flowing into the page is placed between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. Which statement is correct regarding the magnetic force on the wire?

The magnetic force of the wire points to the left.

Assume the voltage across the ends of a wire is doubled. If the material obeys Ohm's law, which one of the following statements concerning the resistance of the wire is true?

The resistance is not changed.

The electric field-line diagram visualizes the electric field produced by a pair of charges. A negative test charge is placed at point P directly between the two charges in the diagram. (image link: https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/physics-exam-1/deck/15379901 )

The test charge will accelerate towards the right.

After students have completed an entire lab on polarization, the instructor asks them for a sketch of a polarized light wave. One student provides the sketch shown below. Does this sketch represent a polarized wave?

Yes, it is a transverse wave and the electric field has a well-defined direction.

A charged insulator and an uncharged metal...

always attract one another

What is the force per meter on a straight wire carrying 5.0 A when it is placed in a magnetic field of 0.020 T so that the wire makes an angle of 27° with respect to the magnetic field lines? a. 0.022 N/m b. 0.045 N/m c. 0.26 N/m d. 0.17 N/m

b. 0.045 N/m

Determine the current in the 12-Ω resistor for the circuit shown in the figure assuming that the batteries are ideal. a. 1.0 A b. 0.25 A c. 0.50 A d. 0.75 A image link: https://study.com/academy/answer/determine-the-current-in-the-12-ohm-resistor-for-the-circuit-shown-in-the-figure-assuming-that-the-batteries-are-ideal-1-0-a-0-75-a-0-25-a-0-50-a.html

b. 0.25 A

How much work must we do on an electron to move it from point A, which is at a potential of +50 V, to point B, which is at a potential of -50 V, along the semicircular path? Assume the system is isolated from outside forces. (e = 1.60 × 10^-19 C) a. -1.6 J b. 1.60 × 10^-17 J c. 1.6 J d. -1.60 × 10^-17 J

b. 1.60 × 10^-17 J

A Uranium nucleus has 92 protons. How many neutrons does a uranium-235 nucleus have? a. 92 b. 143 c. 235 d. 327

b. 143

A concave mirror forms an inverted image, four times larger than the object. If the distance between image and object is 0.6 m, find the focal length of the mirror. a. 60 cm b. 16 cm c. 24 cm d. 2 cm e. 9.6 cm

b. 16 cm

Length Contraction: The figure shows a right-angled construction frame ABC. When measured at rest, it has dimensions as follows: AB = 18.9 m, AC = 10.0 m, and BC = 16.0 m. This frame is now given a new velocity of 0.420c, relative to Earth, in a direction parallel to AC. How long is part BC of this frame with the new velocity as measured by Earth-based engineers? a. 12.0 m b. 16.0 m c. 10.0 m d. 14.0 m e. 18.0 m image: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/4-figure-shows-right-angled-construction-frame-abc-measured-rest-dimensions-follows-ab-260-q33255426

b. 16.0 m BC is the height of the triangle, and because it is perpendicular to the direction of travel, it is not changed.

A proton travels at a speed of 5.0 × 10^7 m/s through a 1.0-T magnetic field. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force on the proton if the angle between the proton's velocity and the magnetic field vector is 30°? (e = 1.60 × 10^-19 C) a. 2.0 × 10^-14 N b. 4.0 × 10^-12 N c. 4.0 × 10^-14 N d. 2.0 × 10^-12 N

b. 4.0 × 10^-12 N

Unpolarized light is incident on a linear polarizer. What fraction of the light is transmitted? a. 100% b. 50% c. 0% d. It depends on the orientation of the polarizer's transmission axis.

b. 50%

A beam of electrons is accelerated to high speed and aimed at a metal target. The electrons brake to a halt when they strike the target, and x-ray photons are produced. If you increase the voltage used to accelerate the electrons, the x-ray photon energy will ___ and the x-ray photon wavelength will ___. a. increase, increase b. increase, decrease c. decrease, increase d. decrease, decrease e. none of the above

b. increase, decrease

A circular loop of wire is in a region of spatially uniform magnetic field as shown in the figure. The magnetic field is directed into the plane of the figure. If the magnetic field magnitude is constant... a. the induced emf is clockwise. b. the induced emf is zero. c. The answer depends on the strength of the field. d. the induced emf is counterclockwise. Image: A29.1 http://www2.hawaii.edu/~plam/ph272_summer/L9/29_ClickerQuestions_Lam.pdf

b. the induced emf is zero.

When a laser beam is aimed onto the face of a transparent glass cube, which of the following best illustrates the direction of the beam after it emerged from the cube? a b c d e image: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/laser-beam-aimed-onto-face-transparent-glass-cube-following-best-illustrates-direction-bea-q20465591

Which of the following statements are false for a single diverging lens? (a) A diverging lens is thicker at the center than it is at the edges. (b) A diverging lens only produces virtual images. (c) A diverging lens can produce images which are both magnified and reduced in size. (d) A diverging lens only produces upright images. (e) A diverging lens has a negative focal length. (f) The images formed by a diverging lens can be located on either side of the lens relative to the object. a. (a), (b), (f) b. (b) , (c), (f) c. (a), (c), (f) d. (d), (e) e. (a)

c. (a), (c), (f)

A single circular loop of wire has a resistance of 1 Ohm and a radius of 0.8 m. A magnetic field whose direction makes an angle of 30 degrees with the normal to the plane of the loop increases at a rate of 5 milliTesla/s. What is the current flowing in the loop? a. zero b. 0.01 A c. 0.0087 A d. 10 A e. The current varies with time.

c. 0.0087 A

A 25-W soldering iron runs on 110 V dc. What is its resistance? a. 2.8 kΩ b. 4.4 Ω c. 0.48 kΩ d. 0.0020 Ω

c. 0.48 kΩ

Energy and Mass: In a nuclear plant, 10^17 J of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass of fuel was lost to produce this energy? (c = 3.0 × 108 m/s) a. 10 kg b. 100 kg c. 1 kg g. 0.1 kg

c. 1 kg E = 10^17J c = 3*10^8 E = mc^2 m = E/(c^2) m = (10^17J)/((3*10^8 m/s)^2) *m = 1.11kg*

A concave spherical mirror with a radius of curvature of 20 cm creates a real image 30 cm from the mirror. How far is the object from the mirror? a. 20 cm b. 7.5 cm c. 15 cm d. 5.0 cm

c. 15 cm

A coil lies flat on a horizontal tabletop in a region where the magnetic field points straight down. The magnetic field disappears suddenly. When viewed from above, what is the direction of the induced current in this coil as the field disappears? a. clockwise initially, then counterclockwise before stopping b. counterclockwise c. clockwise d. there is no induced current in this coil

c. clockwise

When Rutherford directed a stream of alpha particles into gold foil, most of the alpha particles a. were stopped b. bounced back c. continued straight through d. underwent small deflections

c. continued straight through

The parallel light rays will be focuses at a point ___ the second lens than would light focused by the second lens acting alone. a. closer to b. the same distance from c. farther from Image: QuickCheck 24.1 http://srjcstaff.santarosa.edu/~lwillia2/41/41ch24_s15.pdf

c. farther from

An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at a distance larger than twice the magnitude of the focal length of the mirror. The image will appear a. inverted and reduced b. inverted and enlarged c. upright and reduced d. upright and enlarged e. in front of the mirror

c. upright and reduced

A light bulb operating at 110 V draws 1.40 A of current. What is its resistance? a. 154 Ω b. 12.7 Ω c. 109 Ω d. 78.6 Ω

d. 78.6 Ω

A laser emits photons continuously at a rate of 8.1*10^16/s. If the wavelength of the photons is 578 nm, what is the laser power in mW?

f = 8.1*10^16/s λ= 578 nm E = P/R (when E=hc/λ) P = ER =[(6.63x10^-34 Js)(3x10^8 m/s) / (5.78 x10^-7 m)](8.1*10^16/s) = 0.0279 W = *27.9 mW*

The radius of curvature of a concave mirror is 20cm. Its focal length is what?

f = R/2 f = 20cm/2 f=10cm

An ideal voltmeter

has infinite resistance and should be connected in parallel with a circuit element being measured.

A positive charge is moving with velocity v in a region with magnetic field B. What is the direction of the force on the particle?

into the page

A capacitor of 100 microFarads and a resistor of 1000 Ohms are in series. The time constant of this circuit

is 0.1s

A wire carries a current I as shown below. The magnetic field at the position P points

out of the page

In the figure, the thin lens forms a real image of the object 94.0 cm from the object (35cm from the lens). what is the focal length of the lens?

real image = image is on the opposite side of the lens from the object... if the image is 94cm from the object, the object distance from the lens is subtracted to find the image's distance from the lens. 94-35 = 59cm 1/f = 1/i + 1/o f = 1/(1/59 + 1/35) f = 22cm

A particle with a positive charge moves in the xz-plane as shown. The magnetic field is in the positive z-direction. The magnetic force on the particle is in (image link Q27.2: http://www2.hawaii.edu/~plam/ph272_summer/L7/27_ClickerQuestions_Lam.pdf )

the negative y-direction.

If the current through a long solenoid is doubled, while the coils length is also doubled, keeping the total number of turns constant, the magnetic field at a point inside near the center is

unchanged

If the charge on each of two identical tiny spheres is doubled while their separation is reduced by a factor of 2, their force of interaction...

will increase by a factor of 16. (Use F=kq1q2/r^2)

The figure below shows the equipotential surfaces of an electric dipole in the xy-plane. The x and y scales are in units of meter. The charge on the left is positive. Each color change represents a a change in the potential of 5 V. Estimate the magnitude and direction of the electric field in units of V/m = N/C at x = 5.5 m, y = 13 m.

~11 V/m to the left

A radar unit sends out 0.05 microsecond pulses of microwaves whose wavelength is 25 mm. How many wavelengths does each pulse contain?

(3 x 10^8) x (5 x 10^-8) = 15 m 15 m / .025 m = 600 600

Assume that the potential V is higher at point A than at point B. Which statement then is correct?

A positive charge gains electrostatic potential energy when it moves from point B to point A.

Suppose that a picture of electric field lines is drawn following the convention that 4 field lines emerge from a small sphere with 4 pC of charge. In this picture there is an irregular closed surface, the interior of which is hidden, as shown below. The net amount of charge inside the closed surface must be...

+4 pC

Each of three objects has a net charge. Objects A and B attract one another. Objects B and C also attract one another, but objects A and C repel one another. Which one of the following table entries is a possible combination of the signs of the charges on these three objects? A B C

- + -

A high voltage transmission line has an aluminum cable of diameter 3.3 cm and is 171 km long. The resistivity of Aluminum is 2.8*10-8 Ωm. What is the resistance of this cable in Ω?

5.6

Three pithballs are suspended from thin threads. Various objects are then rubbed against other objects (nylon against silk, glass against polyester, etc.) and each of the pithballs is charged by touching them with one of these objects. In one set of experiments, it is found that pithballs 1 and 2 repel each other and that pithballs 2 and 3 attract each other. From this we can conclude that...

1 and 3 carry charges of opposite sign

Let E = 4 N/C in the x direction and B = 4 T in the -z direction. An electron is moving in the y-direction with speed 1m/s. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the electron in m/s2?

A cubical closed surface has N inward electric flux lines passing through one face and N outward electric flux lines passing through the opposite face as shown in the figure.

0 because total flux through the closed surface = constant (# of field lines leaving - # of field lines entering) = charge inside/ε0

A gamma ray photon has an energy of 0.73 GeV. (1 GeV = 109 eV.)What is the wavelength of the gamma ray in fm? (1 fm = 10^-15 m)?

0.73GeV x 1.602x10^-10 J /GeV = 1.169x10^-10J E = hc/λ λ = hc/E = ((6.63x10^-34 Js)( 3x10^8 m/s)) / 1.169x10^-10J = 1.701x10^-15m (1fm / 10^-15m) = *1.70fm*

In the circuit shown, two capacitors and a resistor in series are connected to a battery. Initially the switch is open. What is the current through the resistor a long time after the switch has been closed?

0A (because it's been closed for a really long time)

In the early universe and in stars, deuterium nuclei are produced from the combination of one proton and one neutron, with the release of a gamma ray. What is the charge on a deuterium nucleus in units of qe = 1.6*10^-19 C?

A radar unit sends out 0.05 microsecond pulses of microwaves whose wavelength is 25 mm. What is the frequency of these microwaves in MHz?Enter an integer.

12,000 C = λf > f = C/λ = (3 x 10^8) / (25 x 10^-3) = 12,000 MHz

The resistivity of aluminum is 58% higher than that of copper. A copper high voltage line has diameter 1 cm. If is replaced by an aluminum line of the same resistance and length, the aluminum line has diameter

1.26 cm

A capacitor with a charge of 6.8 C has its terminals shorted by a metal wire so that the charge flows off within 3.7 s. What is the average current flowing during that time in Ampere (A)?

1.84

Suppose that a point source is radiating light waves at a rate of 10 W. Calculate the intensity in mW/m2 or 10-3 W/m2 at a distance of 20 m from the source.

1.99 10W/(10^-3) = 10000mW/m^2 I = W/4πr^2 I = 10000/4π20^2 = 1.99

A thin lens has focal length f = -12cm If an object 8cm tall is placed 24cm from the lens, what is the height of the image? a. 27cm b. 18cm c. 9cm d. 3cm

1/f = 1/o + 1/i 1/-12 = 1/24 + 1/i i = -8cm image/object height = image/object distance i/8cm = -8cm/24cm I = -64/24cm I = -2.667cm = d d. 3cm

An object located 26.5 cm in front of a lens forms an image 34.4 cm behind the lens. Determine the focal length of the lens (in cm).

1/f = 1/o + 1/i f = 1/(1/o + 1/i) f = 1/(1/26.5 + 1/34.4) f = 14.97cm 14.97

An electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition from the n = 8 to the n = 2 energy state. Determine the wavelength of the emitted photon (in nm). a. 389 b. 1461 c. 246 d. 182 e. 614

1/λ = R [ 1/nf^2 - 1/ni^2] R = Rydberg constant λ = 1/(R [ 1/nf^2 - 1/ni^2]) λ = 1/(R [ 1/nf^2 - 1/ni^2]) = 1/ (1.0973731568508 × 10^7/m) (1/2^2 - 1/8^2) = 388.81 *a. 389*

Analyze the circuit shown below to find the total power supplied by the battery in mW.

10.3 Resistance in series = 1.5 + 2.5 = 4Ω (bottom) Resistance in parallel = 1/4 + 1/4 = 2/4 = 1/2Ω (bottom and middle) Resistors in series = 1.5 + 2 = 3.5kΩ >>> 3500Ω (top and combo) V = IR I = V/R = 6V/3500Ω P = IV = (6/3500)(6) = 0.010286W = 10.3 mW

A current of 4.00 A flows through the heating element of heater converting 500 J of electrical energy into thermal energy every second. What is the voltage across the ends of the heating element?

125V

The radio frequency used internationally for distress calls is 2182 kHz. What is the corresponding wavelength in meter?

137.5 2182 kHz = 2182000 Hz λ = C/f λ = (3*10^8 m/s)/(2182000 Hz) λ = 137.5

Determine the equivalent resistance between points A and B in the following circuit.

15 kΩ

A laser beam is incident at an angle of 25 degrees from the vertical onto a glass plate with index of refraction n = 1.488. What is the angle of refraction in degrees?

16.5° ni = index of incident nr = index of refraction nisinθi = nrsinθr (1.00)sin(25°) = (1.488)sinθ sinθ = [(1.00)sin(25°)]/1.488 θ = sin^-1(0.284) θ = 16.5°

An object located 50 cm in front of a lens forms an image 30 cm behind the lens. Determine the focal length of the lens (in cm).

18.75 1/f = 1/o + 1/i 1/f = 1/50 + 1/30 f = 1/0.05333 f = 18.75

A wire carries a steady current of 15.8 A. What total charge (in C) passes through a cross-sectional area of the wire in a 11.6 s time interval?

183.3

What is the current through the battery in the circuit? (square series circuit with an 8V battery, and 2 4Ω resistors)

What is the wavelength (in nm) of a photon with energy E = 2.4 eV?

2.4eV / 6.24x10^18eV/J = 3.85x10^-19 J = E E = hc/λ Eλ = hc λ = hc/E = ((6.63x10^-34 Js)( 3x10^8 m/s)) / (3.85x10^-19J) = 5.17x10^-7m = *517 nm*

Consider a very long solenoid with radius R and length L (R << L). The magnetic field at the center of the solenoid is B0. A second solenoid is constructed that has twice the radius, twice the length, and carries twice the current as the original solenoid, but has the same number of turns per meter. The magnetic field at the center of the second solenoid is...

2B0

An object 6 centimeters high is placed 30 centimeters from a concave mirror of focal length 10 centimeters as shown. What is the size of the image in cm?

3 1/f = 1/o + 1/i 1/10 = 1/30 + 1/i i= 15 image/object height = image/object distance image height/6 = 15/30 image height = 3cm

A current loop lies in the xy-plane. It has a magnetic dipole moment of 0.1 A-m2 along the z-axis. A uniform 2 T magnetic field parallel to the xz-plane makes a 30° angle with the x-axis. What is the magnitude of the net torque on the current loop?

30º x 2 for xy-plane angle? T = µBsinθ = (0.1)(2)sin(60) = *0.17Nm*

The wavelength of a laser light is 385.1 nm in air. What is the wavelength of the laser light in a transparent medium that has an index of refraction of 2.34 in units of nm?

385.1/2.34 = 165 165

An observer, O, saving a mirror, observes a light source, S. Where does O perceive the mirror image of S to be located? 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 (none of the points shown)? Image: Quiz 2 https://www.physics.utoronto.ca/~jharlow/teaching/phy138_0506/lec07/quizzes.pdf

4 Mirror images are located along the same line which is perpendicular to the mirror and passes through the object. Also, the distance from the mirror to the object and mirror to the image are the same (s=s')

In SI units, the electric field in an electromagnetic wave is described by Ey= 100 sin(10^7x - ωt ). What is the frequency of the EM wave in units of 10^14 Hz?

4.77

The primary coil of a transformer makes 240 turns around the iron core and the secondary coil of that transformer makes 80 turns. If the primary voltage is 120V, what is the secondary voltage (in V)?

40 primary/secondary turns = primary/secondary voltage 240/80 = 120/V 240V = (80*120) V = 40

The primary coil of an ideal transformer has 100 turns and its secondary coil has 400 turns. If the ac voltage applied to the primary coil is 120V, what voltage is present in its secondary coil? a. 100V b. 480V c. 30V d. 70V e. 400V

400/100 = 120/x b. 480V

The wavelength of red helium-neon laser light is 632.8 nm. What is the wavelength of the laser light in the glass that has an index of refraction of 1.5 in units of nm?

422nm 632.8nm = 632.8*10^-9 M fλ = c f = c/λ f = (3*10^8 m/s)/(632.8*10^-9 m) f = 4.74*10^14 Hz λ = c/nf λ = (3*10^8 m/s)/[(1.5)(4.74*10^14 Hz)] λ = 422x10^-9m λ = 422nm

The figure below shows different ways to connect a light bulb to a battery with wires. Which of the bulbs will light up?

Where an electric field line crosses an equipotential surface, the angle between the field line and the equipotential is

90°

In 8,450 seconds, the number of radioactive nuclei decreases to 1/16 of the number present initially. What is the half-life (in s) of the material?

A = A0 e^kt A/A0 = e^kt ln(A/A0) = ln(e^kt) ln(1/16) = kt k = ln(1/16) / 8450sec k = -0.000328 A/A0 = e^kt ln(A/A0) = ln(e^kt) ln(1/2) = kt t = ln(1/2) / -0.000328 *t = 2113 sec*

What is the equivalent resistance in the circuit shown in the figure? A) 50 Ω B) 80 Ω C) 55 Ω D) 35 Ω (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/equivalent-resistance-circuit-shown-figure-55-80-35-50-two-40-resistors-connected-parallel-q6726167 )

A) 50 Ω

A conducting sphere contains positive charge distributed uniformly over its surface. Which statements about the potential due to this sphere are true? All potentials are measured relative to infinity. (There may be more than one correct choice.) A) The potential at the center of the sphere is the same as the potential at the surface. B) The potential at the center of the sphere is zero. C) The potential is lowest, but not zero, at the center of the sphere. D) The potential at the surface is higher than the potential at the center. E) The potential at the center is the same as the potential at infinity.

A) The potential at the center of the sphere is the same as the potential at the surface.

Three point charges lie at the vertices of an equilateral triangle as shown. All three charges have the same magnitude, but charge #1 is positive (+q) and charges #2 and #3 are negative (-q). The net electric force that charges #2 and #3 exert on charge #1 is in A. the +x-direction. B. the -x-direction. C. the +y-direction. D. the -y-direction. E. none of the above. (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/2-three-point-charges-lie-vertices-equilateral-triangle-shown-three-charges-magnitude-char-q9929857 )

A. the +x-direction.

Two long, straight wires are oriented perpendicular to the xy-plane. They carry currents of equal magnitude I in opposite directions as shown. At point P, the magnetic field due to these currents is in A. the positive x-direction. B. the negative x-direction. C. the positive y-direction. D. the negative y-direction. E. none of the above. (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/two-long-straight-wires-oriented-perpendicular-xy-plane-carry-currents-equal-magnitude-opp-q16732433 )

A. the positive x-direction.

Which of the following statements about a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is false? (a) The electric field inside the conductor is zero. (b) Just outside the conductor, the electrostatic field is perpendicular to its surface. (c) The net charge inside the conductor is zero, all excess charge resides on the surface. (d) A charge located within a hole in a conductor at equilibrium feels no force from charges outside the conductor.

All of the above statements are true.

In the figure, assume that R = 7.9 Ω, d = 1.21 m, and a uniform 2.1 T magnetic field is directed into the page. At what speed (in m/s) should the bar be moved to produce 0.72 A in the resistor?

AxR = 0.72Ax7.9 Ω = 5.688 Txd = 2.1Tx1.21m = 2.541 5.688/2.541 = 2.2 2.2

Earth and Moon attract each other via the gravitational force. Which force diagram correctly represents the magnitude and direction of the force on each of these objects? A.A B.B C.C D.D E.None of them

Which of the two series of pictures has the diffraction pattern correctly paired with the corresponding slits? A, B, or this cannot be determined with the given information image: slide #4 https://www.slideshare.net/skoch3/15-mar-24-interference-diffraction

A charged capacitor is connected in series with a resistor and an open switch. At time t = 0 s, the switch is closed. Which of the graphs below best describes the charge Q on the capacitor as a function of time t?

B (curved slope with a decreasing Y value as X value increases)

Find the current I (in A) in a long straight wire that would produce a magnetic field of 4.2*10-4 T at a distance of 3.82 cm from the wire.

B = µ0 I / 2πr (4.2*10^-4 T) = (4π*10^-7)( I ) / (2*π*0.0382m) I = (4.2*10^-4 T)(2*π*0.0382m) / (4π*10^-7) = *80.2*

A long straight vertical wire carries a 8 A current upwards along the z axis. Find the magnetic field produced by this wire (magnitude and direction) on the x-axis at x = 4 m.

B = µ0 I / 2πr = (4π*10^-7)(8A) / 2π(4m) = 0.0000004T = 0.4µT 0.4µT in the positive y-direction

Positive and negative charges of the same magnitude, as well as a small positive test charge are placed as shown in each of the four figures. Rank the magnitude of the force the test charge feels in each of the four figures.

B > A > C > (D=0)

The three-point charges shown in the figure form an equilateral triangle with sides 4.9 cm long. What is the electric potential (relative to infinity) at the point indicated with the dot, which is equidistant from all three charges? Assume that the numbers in the figure are all accurate to two significant figures. (k = 1/4πε0 = 9.0 × 10^9 N · m^2/C^2) (triangle with 2nC positive charge on top and two -1nC negative charges at the bottom of the triangle) A) 1300 V B) 0.00 V C) 1900 V D) 640 V

B) 0.00 V

Determine the current in the 7.0-Ω resistor for the circuit shown in the figure. Assume that the batteries are ideal and that all numbers are accurate to two significant figures. A) 0.28 A B) 1.6 A C) 2.1 A D) 1.3 A

B) 1.6 A

At a distance D from a very long (essentially infinite) uniform line of charge, the electric field strength is 4000 N/C. At what distance from the line will the field strength to be 1000 N/C? A) D/2 B) 2D C) D/√2 D) D/4 E) √2D

B) 2D

Two electrons are 20.0 mm apart at closest approach. What is the magnitude of the maximum electric force that they exert on each other? (e = 1.60 × 10-19 C, k = 1/4πε0 = 9.0 109 N · m2/C2) A) 5.8 × 10^-27 N B) 5.8 × 10^-25 N C) 2.3 N D) 2.3 × 10^10 N

B) 5.8 × 10^-25 N

The electric potential energy of two point charges approaches zero as the two point charges move farther away from each other. If the three point charges shown here lie at the vertices of an equilateral triangle, the electric potential energy of the system of three charges is A)positive B)Negative C)zero D)either negative or positive (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/electric-potential-energy-two-point-charges-approaches-zero-two-point-charges-move-farther-q37640819 )

B) Negative

For the graph shown in the figure, what physical quantity does the slope of the graph represent for ohmic material? A) power B) resistance C) 1/(resistivity) D) resistivity E) 1/(resistance) (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/graph-shown-figure-physical-quantity-slope-graph-represent-ohmic-material-power-b-resistiv-q13413669 )

B) resistance

A system of four capacitors is connected across a 90-V voltage source as shown in the figure. What is the equivalent capacitance of this system? A)15 μF B)3.3 μF C)3.6 μF D)1.5 μF (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/system-four-capacitors-connected-across-90-v-voltage-source-shown-figure-charge-40-uf-capa-q7031229 )

B)3.3 μF

Which one of the following statements is correct? A) When a current-carrying wire is in your left hand, with your thumb in the direction of the current, your fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field lines. B)When a current-carrying wire is in your right hand, with your thumb in the direction of the current, your fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field lines. C)When a current-carrying wire is in your right hand, with your thumb in the direction of the current, your fingers point opposite to the direction of the magnetic field lines.

B)When a current-carrying wire is in your right hand, with your thumb in the direction of the current, your fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field lines.

A particle with a positive charge moves in the xz-plane as shown. The magnetic field is in the positive z-direction. The magnetic force on the particle is in A)the negative x-direction B)the negative y-direction C)the positive y-direction D)the positive x-direction (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/particle-positive-charge-moves-xz-plane-shown-magnetic-field-positive-z-direction-magnetic-q24917608 )

B)the negative y-direction

Two small objects each with a net charge of Q exert a force of magnitude F on each other. We replace one of these with a charge 4Q. What is the magnitude of the force after the replacement? A. 16F B. 4F C. F D. F/4 E. None of the above

B. 4F

Two small objects each with a net charge of Q exert a force of magnitude F on each other. If the distance between these charges is reduced to one third, what will be the magnitude of the force? A. 27F B. 9F C. F D. F/9 E. None of the above

B. 9F

The electric potential energy of two point charges approaches zero as the two point charges move farther away from each other. If the three point charges shown here lie at the vertices of an equilateral triangle, the electric potential energy of the system of three charges is A. positive. B. negative. C. zero. D. either positive or negative. E. either positive, negative, or zero. (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/a213-three-point-charges-lie-vertices-equilateral-triangle-shown-three-charges-charge-magn-q8105577 )

B. negative.

The figure shows, in cross section, three conductors that carry currents perpendicular to the plane of the figure. If the currents I1, I2, and I3 all have the same magnitude, for which path(s) is/are the line integral of the magnetic field equal to zero? A. path a only B. paths a and c C. paths b and d D. paths a, b, c, and d E. depends on whether the integral goes clockwise or counterclockwise around the path (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/figure-shows-cross-section-three-conductors-carry-currents-perpendicular-plane-figure-i1-p-q16383529 )

B. paths a and c

An ideal ammeter has A. zero resistance. It should be connected in parallel with the circuit element being measured. B. zero resistance. It should be connected in series with the circuit element being measured. C. infinite resistance. It should be connected in parallel with the circuit element being measured. D. infinite resistance. It should be connected in series with the circuit element being measured. E. none of the above.

B. zero resistance. It should be connected in series with the circuit element being measured.

When a negative charge moves opposite to the direction of the electric field, A.the field does positive work on it and the potential energy increases. B.the field does positive work on it and the potential energy decreases. C.the field does negative work on it and the potential energy increases. D.the field does negative work on it and the potential energy decreases. E.the field does zero work on it and the potential energy remains constant.

B.the field does positive work on it and the potential energy decreases.

A bulb (i.e., a resistor) is connected in series to a switch, a battery, and an uncharged capacitor. At t = 0, the switch is closed. Which of the following best describes the brightness of the bulb as a function of time?

Three pairs of conducting plates (capacitors) are shown in the figure below. Pair B has the same separation as pair A but twice the plate area. Pair C has the same area as pair A but half the separation between the plates. The insulating material between the plates of all capacitors is the same. Rank the pairs of plates according to their capacitance.

C = B > A

A memory cell in a computer contains a capacitor to store charge. Charge being stored or not being stored corresponds to the binary digits 1 and 0. To pack the cells more densely, trench capacitors are often used in which the plates of a capacitor are mounted vertically along the walls of a trench etched into a silicon chip. If we have a capacitance of 50*10-15 F and each plate has an area of 30*10-12 m2 (micron-sized trenches), what is the plate separation?

C = ε0 A/d d= A ε0/C = (30x10^-12) ((8.854x10^-12)/(50x10^-9)) = *5x10^-9 m*

Three particles travel through a region of space where the magnetic field is out of the page, as shown in the figure. What are the signs of the charges of these three particles? A) 1 is neutral, 2 is negative, and 3 is positive. B) 1 is neutral, 2 is positive, and 3 is negative. C) 1 is negative, 2 is neutral, and 3 is positive. D) 1 is positive, 2 is negative, and 3 is neutral. E) 1 is positive, 2 is neutral, and 3 is negative.

C) 1 is negative, 2 is neutral, and 3 is positive.

If the power rating of a 400-Ω resistor is 0.800 W, what is the maximum voltage that can safely be connected across the resistor? A) 110 V B) 1.80 V C) 17.9 V D) 170 V

C) 17.9 V

What current flows from the battery in the circuit shown in the figure? The battery is ideal, and all the numbers are accurate to two significant figures. A) 3.0 A B) 0.35 A C) 2.0 A D) 2.5 A (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/current-flows-battery-circuit-shown-figure-battery-ideal-numbers-accurate-two-significant--q7030827 )

C) 2.0 A

Two equal and opposite charges are a small distance apart, forming an electric dipole. A positive charge +q is placed above these charges, as shown in the figure, equidistant from both of them. Which diagram below best gives the direction of the net force the dipole exerts on the charge +q? *+q* *+* *-* A) upward B) left C) right D) downward

C) right

The magnetic force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is the strongest when A) the current is in the direction of the magnetic field lines. B) the current is at a 180°angle with respect to the magnetic field lines. C) the current is perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. D) the current is in the direction opposite to the magnetic field lines. E) the current is at a 0°angle with respect to the magnetic field lines.

C) the current is perpendicular to the magnetic field lines.

When two or more capacitors are connected in parallel across a potential difference A) each capacitor carries the same amount of charge. B) the equivalent capacitance of the combination is less than the capacitance of any of the capacitors. C) the potential difference across each capacitor is the same. D) All of the above choices are correct. E) None of the above choices are correct.

C) the potential difference across each capacitor is the same.

An electron has an initial velocity to the south but is observed to curve upward as the result of a magnetic field. This magnetic field must have a component A)to the north B)downward C)to the west D)upward E)to the east.

C) to the west

In which of the circuits below does a current exist to light the bulb? A)4 & 5 B)1 & 5 C)5 only D)4 only (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/circuits-shown-current-exist-light-bulb-chapter-23-problem-68tae-solution-9780321909107-exc )

C)5 only

Two parallel long wires each have a large current I flowing out of the page, as shown. In what direction does the magnetic field point at position P? ---I-------------P---I---- A)up B)right C)down D)left

C)down

Two point charges, +q and -q, are placed as shown. Rank the five points labeled A, B, C, D, and E in order of the electric potential at each point due to the two point charges, from most positive to most negative. The five points and the two point charges all lie in the same plane. A. ABCDE B. EDCBA C. CADBE D. CDEBA (image link (first question): http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~cizewski/227_s2018/227-S18-finexam-p12.pdf )

C. CADBE

In the circuit shown in (a), the two bulbs A and B are identical. Bulb B is removed and the circuit is completed as shown in (b). Compared to the brightness of bulb A in (a), bulb A in (b) is A. just as bright. B. less bright. C. brighter. D. any of the above, depending on the rated wattage of the bulbs. (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/circuit-shown-two-bulbs-b-identical-bulb-b-removed-circuit-completed-shown-b--compared-bri-q15635601 )

C. brighter.

In the circuit shown, the two bulbs A and B are identical. Compared to bulb A, A. bulb B glows more brightly. B. bulb B glows less brightly. C. bulb B glows equally brightly. D. the answer depends on whether the mobile charges in the wires are positively or negatively charged. E. the answer depends on whether the same kind of wire is used in all parts of the circuit.

C. bulb B glows equally brightly.

An ideal voltmeter has A. zero resistance. It should be connected in parallel with the circuit element being measured. B. zero resistance. It should be connected in series with the circuit element being measured. C. infinite resistance. It should be connected in parallel with the circuit element being measured. D. infinite resistance. It should be connected in series with the circuit element being measured. E. none of the above.

C. infinite resistance. It should be connected in parallel with the circuit element being measured.

A long, straight wire lies along the y-axis and carries current in the positive y-direction. A positive point charge moves along the x-axis in the positive x-direction. The magnetic force that the wire exerts on the point charge is in A. the positive x-direction. B. the negative x-direction. C. the positive y-direction. D. the negative y-direction. E. none of the above. (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/explain-problem-moving-charges-figure-least-100-words-q7671187 )

C. the positive y-direction.

The SI unit of capacitance is Farad (F). This is the same as...

C/V

Two capacitors have an equivalent capacitance of 8 pF if connected in parallel, and 2 pF, if connected in series. Find C1 and C2.

C1 = 4 pF, C2 = 4 pF

A negatively charged balloon is attracted to a neutral wooden cabinet due to polarization. Which one of the following diagrams best depict why this occurs?

Equipotential lines are shown. For which region is the magnitude of the electric field the greatest?

The electric field lines around an electric dipole are best represented by which, if any, of the diagrams in figure? (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/1-electric-field-lines-around-electrical-dipole-best-represented-following-diagrams-q2941878 )

D) 0

In the circuit, two capacitors and a resistor in series are connected to a battery. Initially the switch is open. What is the current through the resistor a long time after the switch has been closed? A) 1.25 * 10^-5 A B) 1 A C) 4 A D) 0

D) 0

If 1.5 A flows through R2, what is the emf V of the ideal battery in the figure? (Long rectangle split into two squares with the only battery at far left, a 10Ω resistor on the top to the right of the battery, and 30Ω resistor on the bottom to the right of the battery, and a 20Ω resistor on the side of the square opposite the battery. The second square of the entire rectangle has one 20Ω resistor in parallel to the first square's 20Ω resistor) A) 75 V B) 30 V C) 60 V D) 150 V

D) 150 V

We observe that a moving charged particle experiences no magnetic force.From this we can definitely conclude that A) the particle must be moving parallel to the magnetic field. B) the particle is moving at right angles to the magnetic field. C) no magnetic field exists in that region of space. D) either no magnetic field exists or the particle is moving parallel to the field. E) either no magnetic field exists or the particle is moving perpendicular to the field.

D) either no magnetic field exists or the particle is moving parallel to the field.

An electron is initially moving to the right when it enters a uniform electric field directed upwards.Which trajectory shown below will the electron follow? A) trajectory W B) trajectory X C) trajectory Y D) trajectory Z

D) trajectory Z

A large, metallic, spherical shell has no net charge. It is supported on an insulating stand and has a small hole at the top. A small tack with charge Q is lowered on a silk thread through the hole into the interior of the shell. What is the charge on the inner surface of the shell? A) Q B) Q/2 C) 0 D) - Q

D)- Q

Two small objects each with a net charge of Q exert a force of magnitude F on each other. We double the distance between these charges. What is the magnitude of the force? A. 16F B. 4F C. F D. F/4 E. None of the above

D. F/4

Three point charges lie at the vertices of an equilateral triangle as shown. All three charges have the same magnitude, but charges #1 and #2 are positive (+q) and charge #3 is negative (-q). The net electric force that charges #2 and #3 exert on charge #1 is in A. the +x-direction. B. the -x-direction. C. the +y-direction. D. the -y-direction. E. none of the above. (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/a213-three-point-charges-lie-vertices-equilateral-triangle-shown-three-charges-charge-magn-q8105577 )

D. the -y-direction.

An electron (|q| = 1.6*10-19 C, m = 9.1*10-31 kg) is suspended at rest in a uniform electric field of magnitude E. Its weight mg (g = 9.8 m/s2) near the Earth's surface is exactly canceled by the electrostatic force. The electric field points...

Down

A 9 V battery is rated at 80 Ah. It can deliver a current of 80 A for one hour, or a current of 40 A for 2 hours, etc. What is the total energy stored in the battery?

E = Pt = VIt = (9V)(80Ah)(60min/hr)(60sec/min) = 2600000J = *2.6 mJ*

Electrons are ejected from a metal surface with energies ranging up to 0.5 eV when light with a wavelength of 627 nm is used. What is the work function of the metal in units of eV?

E = hc/λ =((6.63x10^-34 Js)( 3x10^8 m/s)) / (6.27x10^-7 m) =3.17x10^-19J (6.24x10^18eV/J) =1.98 eV Work function = energy function = energy of photon - energy of electron 1.98eV - 0.5eV = *1.48*

Find the magnitude of the electric field produced by a point charge q = 5.74 nanoCoulomb a distance r = 3.9 meters from the charge in units of N/C. k = 9*10^9 (Nm^2)/C^2

E = kq/r^2 = [(9*10^9 (Nm^2)/C^2)(5.75 x10^-9 C)] / (3.9m^2) = *3.4 N/C*

Two point charges, Q1 and Q2, are separated by a distance R. If the magnitudes of both charges are doubled and their separation is also doubled, what happens to the electrical force that each charge exerts on the other one? A) It is reduced by a factor of √(2). B) It increases by a factor of √(2) . C) It increases by a factor of 2. D) It increases by a factor of 4. E) It remains the same.

E) It remains the same.

Consider a spherical Gaussian surface of radius R centered at the origin. A charge Qis placed inside the sphere. To maximize the magnitude of the flux of the electric field through the Gaussian surface, the charge should be located A) at x= 0, y= 0, z= R/2. B) at x= 0, y= R/2, z= 0. C) at x= R/2, y= 0, z= 0. D) at the origin. E) The charge can be located anywhere, since flux does not depend on the position of the charge as long as it is inside the sphere.

E) The charge can be located anywhere, since flux does not depend on the position of the charge as long as it is inside the sphere.

Three capacitors are connected as shown in the figure. What is the equivalent capacitance between points a and b? A)7.1 μF B)12 μF C)8.0 μF D)4.0 μF E)1.7 μF (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/three-capacitors-connected-shown-thye-figure-equivalent-capacitance-points-b-17-mu-f-40-mu-q9307635 )

E)1.7 μF

The capacitors in the network shown in the figure all have a capacitance of 5.0 μF. What is the equivalent capacitance, Cab, of this capacitor network? A)5.0 μF B)20 μF C)10 μF D)1.0 μF E)3.0 μF (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/capacitors-network-shown-figure-capacitance-50-mu-f-equivalent-capacitance-cab-capacitor-n-q9307643 )

E)3.0 μF

A positive charge is moving to the right and experiences an upward magnetic force, as shown in the figure. In which direction must the magnetic field have a component? A)out of the page B)to the right C)upward D)to the left E)into the page

E)into the page

A circular loop of wire carries a constant current. If the loop is placed in a region of uniform magnetic field, the net magnetic force on the loop is A. perpendicular to the plane of the loop, in a direction given by a right-hand rule. B. perpendicular to the plane of the loop, in a direction given by a left-hand rule. C. in the same plane as the loop. D. The answer depends on the magnitude and direction of the current and on the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field. E. zero.

E. zero.

An electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition from the n = 56 to the n = 2 energy state. Determine the wavelength of the emitted photon (in nm).

E56 = -13.6/(56^2) = -4.34 x 10^-3 eV = -6.95x10^-22 J E2 = -13.6/(2^2) = -3.4 eV = -5.44 x 10^-19 J change in E = E56 - E2 = 5.43x10^-19 f = E/h = 5.43 x 10^-19J / 6.63 x 10^-34 Js = 8.19 x 10^14 s^-1 c=λf λ=c/f λ= (3x10^8 m/s)/(8.19 x 10^14 s^-1) = 3.66x10^-7 m = *366 nm*

A single loop of wire with an area of 0.0900 m2 is in a uniform magnetic field that has an initial value of 3.80 T, is perpendicular to the plane of the loop, and is decreasing at a constant rate of 0.190 T/s.What emf is induced in this loop?

Emf = - (ΔΦB/Δt) ΔΦB = BA Emf = - (ΔBA/Δt) > -A(ΔB/Δt) Emf = -(0.0900 m^2)(-0.190 T/s) Emf = 0.0171

A wire carries a steady current of 2.8 A. A straight section of the wire is 0.64 m long and lies along the y-axis within a uniform field B = 1.48 T in the z-direction. What is magnitude of the magnetic force on the section of wire in N.

F = IL x B = (2.8A)(0.64m) x (1.48T) = *2.65*

F = qE E = F/q = mg / q = (9.1x10^-31)(9.8) / (1.6x10^-19) = 5.57x10^-11 N/C = *55.7 pN/C*

A positive charge is placed at one of 3 locations in a region where the electric field is uniform. Compare the magnitude F of the electric force on the charge at the different locations.

F is the same at all locations, but not zero.

Two very flat, metallic plates separated a distance d have a potential difference of 600 Volts between them as shown below. A proton and positron (which is a positively charged electron) are released from rest at the surface of the metal plate held at 600 Volts. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct? I. The positron's acceleration is larger than the proton's acceleration. II. The positron's acceleration is the same as the proton's acceleration. III. The positron's acceleration is smaller than the proton's acceleration. IV. The positron's kinetic energy will be larger than the proton's kinetic energy right before the particles hit the 0 Volt plate. V. The positron's kinetic energy will be the same as the proton's kinetic energy right before the particles hit the 0 Volt plate. VI. The positron's kinetic energy will be smaller than the proton's kinetic energy right before the particles hit the 0 Volt plate.

I and V only

Charges Q1 and Q2 are situated as shown below. The electric field is zero at point P. What conclusions can be drawn about the charges Q1 and Q2? I. The magnitudes of Q1 and Q2 are equal. II. The magnitude of Q1 is greater than the magnitude of Q2. III. The magnitude of Q1 is less than the magnitude of Q2. IV. Q1 and Q2 have the same sign. V. Q1 and Q2 have different signs. (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/charges-q1-q2-situated-shown--electric-field-zero-point-p-conclusions-drawn-charges-q1-q2--q30781340 )

II and IV are correct. The magnitude of Q1 is greater than the magnitude of Q2 and Q1 and Q2 have the same sign.

Three resistors connected in series carry currents labeled I1, I2, I3, respectively. Which of the following expresses the value of the total current IT in the system made up of the three resistors?

IT = I1 = I2 = I3

Starting from very far away, an object is moved closer and closer to a converging lens, eventually reaching the lens. What happens to its image formed by that lens? (could be more than one correct answer) a. the imaged gets closer and closer to the lens b. the image eventually changes from virtual to real c. the image eventually changes from real to virtual d. the image gets farther and farther from the lens e. the image keeps getting larger and larger

Most correct answer: c. the image eventually changes from real to virtual All correct possibilities: c. the image eventually changes from real to virtual d. the image gets farther and farther from the lens e. the image keeps getting larger and larger

Which of the statements below are true? (1) Whenever electrons are in motion, a current flows. (2) A "D" battery is labeled as providing 1.5 volts. This voltage characterizes the amount of current that the battery supplies when it is installed in an electronic device. (3) You plug a space heater into an outlet and the temperature of the heating coils increases for some time before it becomes stable. As the temperature of the coils increases, their resistance increases, and therefore the power consumed by the space heater increases.

None of these statements are true.

Which of the following statements are true? (a) The electric field of a point charge always points away from the charge. (b) All macroscopic charges Q can be written as Q = ±Ne, where N is an integer and e is the charge of the electron. (c) Electric field lines never diverge from a point in space. (d) Electric field lines never cross at a point in space.

Only statements (b) and (d) are true.

Only statements b and d are true

Two 4.9 microCoulomb charges are 4.1 m apart. How much energy (in milliJoule) went into assembling these two charges?

PE = kq1q2 / r = [(9x109 Nm2/C2)(4.9x10-6C)(4.9x10-6C)] / 4.1m = 0.05270 J = *52.70 mJ*

Two 1.5 microCoulomb charges are 2.4 m apart. How much energy (in milliJoule) went into assembling these two charges?

PE = kq1q2 / r = [(9x109)(1.5x10-6C)(1.5x10-6C)] / 2.4m = 0.00844 J = *8.4 mJ*

Two 10 μC charges are located at (x, y) = (0, 3m) and (3 m, 0), respectively. What is the potential due to those two charges at the location of the 1 μC charge at the origin?

PE = kq1q2/r = [(9x109)(2 x 10x10-6)]/3 = 6000 = *6.0x10^4*

The paths of several particle moving through a region with a magnetic field pointing into the page are shown. Which particles are positively charged?

Particles 1 and 5

At what rate must Uranium 235 undergo fission by neutron bombardment to generate energy at a rate of 496 W (1W = 1J/s)? Assume each fission reaction releases 200 MeV of energy. How many billions of fissions per second are required? Use 1 eV = 1.6 * 10^-19 J.

Q = 200Mev = 3.2x10^-11J R = P/Q R = 496W / 3.2x10^-11J R= 1.55x10^13 = 15,500,000,000,000 fissions/sec = *15,500 billion fissions/second*

θa = 60° θr = ? θb = ? na (water) = 1.33 nb (glass) = 1.52 Reflected angle: a. 78.8° b. 60° c. 45° Refracted angel: a. 60° b. 49.3° c. 39.4°

Reflected angle: angle of incident (60°) = angle of reflection (?°) b. 60° Refracted angle: sin(θa)na = sin(θb)nb sin(60°)(1.33) = sin(θb)(1.52) sin(θb) = 0.757 θb = sin^-1(0.757) b. 49.3°

Two light bulbs, one rated at 50 W and a second rated at 100 W, are both supposed to be connected to a 110 V source of emf. Which one of the following is true?

The 50 W bulb has twice the resistance as the 100 W bulb.

A uniform magnetic field is directed into the page. A charged particle, moving in the plane of the page, follows a clockwise spiral of decreasing radius. A reasonable explanation is that...

The charge is negative and slowing down

You double the voltage across a certain conductor and you observe the current increases three times. Does the conductor obey Ohm's law?

The conductor does not obey Ohm's Law.

A mass spectrometer is to be used to separate protons from deuterium nuclei. A deuterium nucleus has the same charge and twice the mass as a proton, since it contains an extra neutron. Both the deuterium and the proton nuclei are accelerated by the same voltage. Which of the following statements is true?

The deuterium will have a larger radius of curvature, since it is more massive.

5 microCoulomb of excess negative charge is placed on a previously neutral conductor. What happens to this charge if the conductor is left undisturbed?

The excess charge distributes itself over the surface of the conductor so that the interior is free of electric fields.

Two parallel wires are carrying currents in opposite directions as shown. Wire #1 has a current I1 that is out of the page, whereas wire #2 has a current I2 that is into the page. What effect does the magnetic field from wire #1 have on wire #2? (image link: https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/physics-exam-1/deck/15379901 )

The field exerts a force on wire #2 (directed right).

The magnetic domains in a non-magnetized piece of iron are characterized by which orientation?

They are oriented randomly

A solenoid is connected to a battery as shown. A bar magnet is placed nearby. What is the direction of the magnetic force the solenoid exerts on the bar magnet?

To the left (The north pole of the coil is on the right side, the south pole is on the left side, facing the south pole of the magnet.)

What is the direction of the Coulomb force on the charge pointed at by the arrow? (Charge is given in arbitrary units.)

Towards the right

What is the current through the battery in the circuit shown below? (Square series circuit with 8V battery, 4Ω resistor directly across, and 4Ω resistor in between them on the left side, the right side is empty) A) 1 A B) 4 A C) 2 A D) 8 A

V = IR 8V = I (4+4 = 8Ω) A) 1 A

495 J of work are required to carry a 13 C charge from point 1 to point 2. What is the magnitude if the potential difference between point 1 and point 2 in units of V? Enter a number with one digit behind the decimal point. W= 495J Q = 13C

V = PE/Q = W/Q = 495J/13C = *38.1V*

If 500 J of work are required to carry a 40 C charge form one point to another, the potential difference between these two points is

V = W/Q >>> potential difference = work/charge = 500J/40.0C = *12.5*

Two 1.9 microCoulomb charges are 3 m apart. What is the potential at each charge due to the other in V?

V = kq / r = [(9x109 Nm2/C2)(1.9x10-6C)] / 3m = *5700V*

Two 1 microCoulomb point charges are 2 m apart. The potential at each charge due to the other charge is

V = kq/r = (9x109)(1x10-6C)/(2m) = *4500 V*

A real, not ideal, battery is connected as shown. Rank the potential difference across the terminals from the greatest to the smallest.

V4 > V3 > V2 > V1

Which is correct language usage?

Voltage across a resistor, current through a resistor.

In the figure, the cube is 40 cm on each edge. Four straight-line segments, ab, bc, cd, and da form a closed loop that carries a current I = 5 A. A uniform magnetic field B = 0.02 T is in the positive y-direction. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force on the wire segment da?

Zero (The force on a straight wire of length L in a uniform field B is F = IL × B.The magnitude of the force is F = ILBsinθ, where θ is the smallest angle between the directions of B and the current flow. The angle between B and the current flow in the segment da is 90o, sinθ = 1. L is the length of the diagonal.)

Which one of the following best illustrates magnetic field lines associated with the bar magnets shown?

A wire in the shape of an equilateral triangle with sides of length 1.00 m sits in a magnetic field of 2.00 T, pointing to the right. What is the magnitude of the magnetic flux through the triangle? a. 0 Tm^2 b. 1.73 Tm^2 c. 1 Tm^2 d. 3.46 Tm^2 e. 2 Tm^2

a. 0 Tm^2

Two identical small charged spheres are a certain distance apart, and each one initially experiences an electrostatic force of magnitude F due to the other. With time, charge gradually diminishes on both spheres by leaking off. When each of the spheres has lost half its initial charge, what will be the magnitude of the electrostatic force on each one? a. 1/4 F b. 1/16 F c. 1/8 F d. 1/2 F e. 1/ F

a. 1/4 F

The alternating voltage across the primary coil of a transformer has maximum of 5 V. The primary coil has 5 turns and the secondary coil has 10 turns. What is the peak emf induced in the secondary coil? a. 10 V b. 100 V c. 50 V d. 0.5 V e. 5 V

a. 10 V

Time Dilation: Astronaut Rob leaves Earth in a spaceship at a speed of 0.960c relative to an observer on Earth. Rob's destination is a star system 14.4 light-years away (one light-year is the distance light travels in one year). Relative to a frame of reference that is fixed with respect to Earth, how long does it take Rob to complete the trip? a. 15.0 years b. 22.7 years c. 14.4 years d. 10.8 years e. 4.20 years

a. 15.0 years

If the index of refraction of a material is 2, this means that light travels a. 2 times as fast in vacuum as it does in the material b. 1/2 as fast in air as it does in the material c. 2 times as fast in air as it does in vacuum d. 2 times as fast in the material than it does in vacuum e. 2 times as fast in the material as it does in air

a. 2 times as fast in vacuum as it does in the material

The index of refraction of a certain glass is measured to be 1.5. What is the speed of light in that glass? (c = 3.0 × 10^8 m/s) a. 2.0 × 10^8 m/s b. 3.0 × 10^8 m/s c. 1.0 × 10^8 m/s d. 5.0 × 10^8 m/s e. 4.0 × 10^8 m/s

a. 2.0 × 10^8 m/s

An object is placed in front of a concave spherical mirror as shown below. The three rays 1, 2, and 3, leave the top of the object and, after reflection, converge at a point on the top of the image. Ray 1 is parallel to the principal axis, ray 2 passes through F, and ray 3 passes through C. Which ray(s) will reflect back on itself (themselves)? image: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/object-placed-front-concave-spherical-mirror-asshown--three-rays-1-2-3-leave-top-object-af-q5592888 a. 3 only b. 1, 2, and 3 c. 1 only d. 2 only e. 1 and 2 only

a. 3 only

A cell phone is placed 40 cm in front of a converging lens with a focal length of magnitude 20 cm. How far is the image of this phone from the lens? a. 40cm b. 20cm c. 13cm d. 10cm e. 60cm

a. 40cm

The focal length of a concave mirror has a magnitude of 20cm. What is its radius of curvature? a. 40cm b. 10cm c. 20cm d. -40cm e. -20cm

a. 40cm

Suppose that a pane of crown glass, with a refractive index of 1.52, is immersed in water, which has a refractive index of 1.33. A ray of light traveling in the water strikes the glass at 45° relative to the normal and travels through the pane. What angle, relative to the normal, will the ray of light subtend when it leaves the pane and reenters the water? a. 45° b. 54° c. No angle at all! The premise is wrong. The light will never enter the glass. It will be reflected when it strikes the glass surface. d. 38° e. 32°

a. 45°

Electromagnetic waves emitted from the wiring in your house due to AC currents oscillating with a frequency of 60 Hz have a wavelength of about a. 5*10^6 m b. 5*10^3 m c. 5*10^-10 m d. 5*10^-2 m

a. 5*10^6 m

A seed is 15 mm in front of a converging lens, and the image of the seed is 4.0 mm behind the lens. What is the focal length of the lens? a. 5.5 mm b. 3.2 mm c. 3.8 mm d. 11 mm

a. 5.5 mm

Two point charges Q1 and Q2 of equal magnitudes and opposite signs are positioned as shown in the figure. Which of the arrows best represents the net electric field at point P due to these two charges? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. the field is equal to zero at point P (image link: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/two-charges-q1-q2-equal-magnitudes-opposite-signs-positioned-shown-fig-21-7-shown-arrows-r-q2667835 )

a. A

Which of the following statements is true? a. A positive charge experiences an attractive electrostatic force toward a nearby neutral conductor. b. A positive charge experiences no electrostatic force near a neutral conductor. c. A positive charge experiences a repulsive force, away from a nearby conductor. d. Whatever the force on a positive charge near a neutral conductor, the force on a negative charge is then oppositely directed.

a. A positive charge experiences an attractive electrostatic force toward a nearby neutral conductor.

Which of the following statements is true? a. An image that is formed behind a mirror is always virtual. b. As light travels from vacuum (n = 1) into glass (n > 1), the frequency of the light changes. c. An image that is formed behind a mirror is always inverted. d. As light travels from vacuum (n = 1) into glass (n > 1), the speed of the light changes. e. As light travels from vacuum (n = 1) into glass (n > 1), the wavelength of the light changes.

a. An image that is formed behind a mirror is always virtual. d. As light travels from vacuum (n = 1) into glass (n > 1), the speed of the light changes. e. As light travels from vacuum (n = 1) into glass (n > 1), the wavelength of the light changes.

An object is located a distance xo in front of a lens. The lens produces an inverted image that is twice as tall as the object. What kind of lens is it? What is the image distance xi ? a. Converging lens, xi = 2xo b. Diverging lens, xi = xo/2 c. Converging lens, xi = ‐2xo d. Diverging lens, xi = 4xo e. Diverging lens, xi = ‐4xo

a. Converging lens, xi = 2xo

What causes the appearance of colors in thin oil film on water? a. Interference b. Polarization c. Diffraction d. Refraction e. Dispersion

a. Interference

What is the significance of the quantum number m when specifying energy eigenfunction or orbital of atoms? a. It indicates the orientation of the orbital. b. It represents the magnitude of the angular momentum of the orbital. c. It denotes the size of an eigenfunction or orbital. d. It represents the shape of the orbital.

a. It indicates the orientation of the orbital.

Compare the speed of red light and blue light in free space. a. Red and blue light travel at the same speed. b. Red light travels faster. c. Blue light travels faster. d. The speed of the light depends on the relative motion of the source and the observer. Since we have no information about this relative motion, we cannot give a definite answer.

a. Red and blue light travel at the same speed.

A chicken is standing one meter in front of a vertical plane mirror. A woman is standing 5 meter behind the mirror and in line with the bird. How far from her will she see the image of the chicken? a. She will not see an image. b. 1 m c. 6 m d. 5 m e. 4 m

a. She will not see an image.

When an object is placed 25 cm from a lens, a real image is formed. Which one of the following conclusions is incorrect? a. The image is upright. b. The lens is a converging lens. c. The image may be reduced or enlarged. d. The image distance can be less than 25 cm. e. The focal length of the lens is less than 25 cm.

a. The image is upright.

Basic Postulates: Which of the following are basic postulates of special relativity? (There could be more than one correct choice.) a. The laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames. b. The laws of physics are the same in all reference frames. c. Nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. d. No material object can be accelerated to the speed of light. e. The speed of light is the same for all observers.

a. The laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames. e. The speed of light is the same for all observers.

A region of space contains a uniform electric field, directed toward the right, as shown in the figure. Which statement about this situation is correct? a. The potential at points A and B are equal, and the potential at point C is lower than the potential at point A. b. The potential at point A is the highest, the potential at point B is the second highest, and the potential at point C is the lowest. c. The potential at all three locations is the same. d. The potentials at points A and B are equal, and the potential at point C is higher than the potential at point A.

a. The potential at points A and B are equal, and the potential at point C is lower than the potential at point A.

You are looking at the bottom of a clear stream... a. The stream appears shallower than it really is. b. The stream appears deeper than it really is. c. The bottom is hidden because of total internal reflection. d. You see the bottom as a mirror image. e .Everything on the bottom is magnified.

a. The stream appears shallower than it really is.

A circular wire ring is situated above a long straight wire, as shown in the figure. The straight wire has a current I flowing to the right, and this current is increasing at a constant rate. Which of the following statements is true? a. There is an induced current in the wire ring, directed in clockwise orientation. b. There is no induced current in the wire ring. c. There is an induced current in the wire ring, directed in a counterclockwise orientation.

a. There is an induced current in the wire ring, directed in clockwise orientation.

X and Y are two initially uncharged metal spheres on insulating stands, and they are in contact with each other. A positively charged rod R is brought close to X as shown in part (a) of the figure. Sphere Y is now moved away from X, as shown in part (b). What are the final charge states of X and Y? a. X is negative and Y is positive. b. X is neutral and Y is positive. c. Both X and Y are negative. d. X is positive and Y is neutral. e. Both X and Y are neutral.

a. X is negative and Y is positive.

A circular loop of copper wire is placed next to a long, straight wire. The current I in the long, straight wire is increasing. What current does this induce in the circular loop? a. a clockwise current b. a counterclockwise current c. zero current d. either A or B e. any of A, B, or C image: https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/upload_2016-11-27_13-42-33-png.109528/

a. a clockwise current

Spaceship A travels directly toward a star at a constant speed of 0.9c relative to the star, while spaceship B travels perpendicular to the light coming from the star at the same speed. Both spaceships measure the speed of light coming from the star. Which statement is true? a. both ships measure the speed of the star's light at 3.00x10^8 m/s Ship A measures the speed of the star's light as greater than 3.00x10^8 m/s. Ship B measure zero for the speed of the star's light. c. Ship A measures the speed of the star's light as greater than 3.00x10^8 m/s; ship B measures 3.00x10^8 m/s. d. Ship A measures the speed of the star's light as 3.00x10^8 m/s; ship B measures a somewhat slower speed for the light.

a. both ships measure the speed of the star's light at 3.00x10^8 m/s

The loop of wire is being moved to the right at constant velocity. A constant current I flows in the long straight wire in the direction shown. The current induced in the loop is: a. clockwise and proportional to I b. counterclockwise and proportional to I c. clockwise and proportional to I^2 d. counterclockwise and proportional to I^2 e. zero

a. clockwise and proportional to I

Two sources S1 and S2 oscillating in phase emit sinusoidal waves. Point P is 7.3 wavelengths from source S1 and 4.3 wavelengths from source S2. As a result, at point P there is a. constructive interference. b. destructive interference. c. constructive interference at certain times and destructive interference at other times. d. neither constructive nor destructive interference. e. Not enough information is given to decide.

a. constructive interference.

Which of the following terms describe lenses that are thicker at the center than at the edges? (There could be more than one correct choice.) a. converging lenses b. concave lenses c. diverging lenses d. convex lenses

a. converging lenses d. convex lenses

An outer metal ring surrounds an inner metal ring, as shown in the figure. The current in the outer ring is counterclockwise and decreasing. What is the direction of the induced current in the inner ring? a. counterclockwise b. clockwise c. There is no induced current in the inner ring.

a. counterclockwise

This diagram shows the vibrational and rotational energy levels of a diatomic molecule. Consider two possible transitions for this molecule: 1st transition: n=2, l=5 to n=1, l=4 2nd transition: n=2, l=1 to n=1, l=0 The energy change of the molecule is a. greater for transition 1 b. greater for transition 2 c. the same for both transitions d. either A or B, depending on circumstances e. any of A, B, or C, depending on circumstances (question/image link: http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~karin/228/slides/4-5-10.pdf page 13)

a. greater for transition 1

In the transformer shown in the drawing, there are more turns in the secondary than in the primary. In this situation, the current amplitude is: a. greater in the primary than in the secondary b. smaller in the primary than in the secondary c. the same in the primary and in the secondary d. not enough information given to decide

a. greater in the primary than in the secondary

The index of refraction of a type of glass is 1.50, and the index of refraction of water is 1.33. If light enters water from this glass, the angle of refraction will be a. greater than the angle of incidence b. equal to the angle of incidence c. less than the angle of incidence

a. greater than the angle of incidence

Light enters from water into air. The angle of refraction will be a. greater than the angle of incidence. b. equal to the angle of incidence. c. less than the angle of incidence.

a. greater than the angle of incidence.

The image formed by a single concave lens... a. is always virtual b. is always inverted c. is always real d. could be real or virtual, depending on whether the object distance is smaller or greater than the focal length e. could be real or virtual, but is always real when the object is placed at the focal point

a. is always virtual

If the wavelength of a light beam is doubled, what happens to the momentum of the photons in that light beam? a. it is halved b. it stays the same c. it is doubled d. it is reduced by one-fourth of its original value e. it is increased to four times its original value

a. it is halved

When light travels from air into water, a. its velocity and wavelength change, but its frequency does not change. b. its velocity, wavelength and frequency all change. c. its velocity changes, but its frequency and wavelength do not change. d. its frequency changes, but its velocity and wavelength do not change. e. its wavelength changes, but its velocity and frequency do not change.

a. its velocity and wavelength change, but its frequency does not change.

If the lens in a person's eye is too highly curved, this person is suffering from a. nearsightedness. b. astigmatism. c. spherical aberration. d. farsightedness. e. chromatic aberration.

a. nearsightedness.

The figure below shows a piece of copper wire moving across a horizontal magnetic field. There will be a. no potential difference between its ends. b. a time varying potential difference across its ends. c. a potential difference between its ends, end 1 being at a higher potential. d. a potential difference between its ends, end 2 being at a higher potential. e. a potential difference across its sides.

a. no potential difference between its ends.

If you were in a spaceship traveling close to the speed of light with respect to Earth, you would notice that a. none of the above effects occur. b. your mass was less than normal. c. some of your physical dimensions were smaller than normal. d. your pulse rate was greater than normal. e. your mass was greater than normal.

a. none of the above effects occur.

An object is placed in front of a concave spherical mirror as shown in image c. F denotes the focal point and C the center of curvature. What is true about the properties of the image? a. real, inverted, enlarged b. virtual, inverted, reduced c. real, upright, enlarged d. virtual, upright, enlarged e. real, inverted, reduced

a. real, inverted, enlarged

Bohr's model of the atom accounted for the spectra of a. single-electron atoms. b. all atoms c. all noble gases. d. many low atomic number atoms e. normal Helium atoms.

a. single-electron atoms.

One a balance scale, you put 2 neutrons and 1 proton on one side and you put a tritium nucleus (3/1 H) on the other. Which side weighs more? a. the two neutrons and 1 proton b. the tritium nucleus c. both sides weigh the same d. it depends on the specific tritium isotope

a. the two neutrons and 1 proton

How does the focal length of a spherical mirror depend on the radius of curvature of the mirror? a. they are directly proportional b. they are inversely proportional c. they are not correlated d. the focal length of any spherical mirror is the same

a. they are directly proportional

The drawing shows the uniform magnetic field inside a long, straight solenoid. The field is directed into the plane of the drawing, and is increasing. What is the direction of the electric force on a positive point charge placed at point a? a. to the left b. to the right c. straight up d. straight down e. misleading question - the electric force at this point is zero image = Q 29.9 http://www2.hawaii.edu/~plam/ph272_summer/L9/29_ClickerQuestions_Lam.pdf

a. to the left

A long, straight, horizontal wire carries current toward the east. A proton moves toward the east alongside and just south of the wire. What is the direction of the magnetic force on the proton? a. toward the north b. downward c. upward d. toward the south e. toward the east.

a. toward the north

If an object is placed between a convex lens and its focal point, the image formed is: a. virtual and upright b. virtual and inverted c. real and inverted d. real and upright

a. virtual and upright

Which of the following best describes the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is located somewhere between the focal point (F) and the mirror surface? a. virtual, upright and enlarged b. real, inverted and reduced c. virtual, upright and reduced d. real, inverted and enlarged

a. virtual, upright and enlarged

The loop of wire is being moved to the right at constant velocity. A constant current I flows in the long straight wire in the direction shown. The current induced in the loop is a. zero. b. counterclockwise and constant. c. clockwise and constant. d. counterclockwise and decreasing. e. clockwise and decreasing.

a. zero

The isotope 23492U undergoes five successive alpha decays. Identify the correct decay chain. a. 228/90Th --> 228/88Ra --> 228/86Rn --> 218/84Po --> 212/82Pb b. 233/90Th --> 229/88Ra --> 225/86Rn --> 218/84Po --> 217/82Pb c. 232/90Th --> 228/88Ra --> 228/86Rn --> 220/84Po --> 216/82Pb d. 230/90Th --> 226/88Ra --> 222/86Rn --> 218/84Po --> 214/82Pb

alpha particle = 4/2 d. 230/90Th --> 226/88Ra --> 222/86Rn --> 218/84Po --> 214/82Pb

What are the changes in the mass number A and the atomic number Z of a nucleus that undergoes β+ decay? a. A decreases by 4, Z decreases by 2. b. A is unchanged, Z decreases by 1. c. A decreases by 2, Z increases by 1. d. A is unchanged, Z decreases by 2. e. A is unchanged, Z increases by 1.

b. A is unchanged, Z decreases by 1.

A concave mirror of focal length f forms an image of the moon. Where is the image located? a. Almost exactly a distance f behind the mirror. b. Almost exactly a distance f in front of the mirror. c. At a distance behind the mirror equal to the distance of the moon in front of the mirror. d. At a distance in front of the mirror equal to one half the distance of the moon in front of the mirror. e. At the mirror's surface.

b. Almost exactly a distance f in front of the mirror.

What is a diffraction grating? a. A prism that separates light into its component colors. b. An opaque screen with many closely spaced slits. c. A device used to grate cheese and other materials. d. A musical instrument used to direct sound. e. An opaque screen with a tiny circular aperture.

b. An opaque screen with many closely spaced slits.

In which of these nuclei does the proton have the least mass (think mass per nucleon)? a. Hydrogen b. Iron c. Lead d. Uranium

b. Iron

Length Contraction: When an object moves close to the speed of light relative to Earth, what happens to its dimensions compared to what they were before it began moving, as measured by an Earth-based observer? a. No lengths are affected. b. Only lengths parallel to the direction of travel are decreased. c. Only lengths perpendicular to the direction of travel are decreased. d. All lengths are decreased.

b. Only lengths parallel to the direction of travel are decreased.

When an object moves close to the speed of light relative to Earth, what happens to its dimensions compared to what they were before it began moving, as measured by an Earth-based observer? a. No lengths are affected. b. Only lengths parallel to the direction of travel are decreased. c. All lengths are decreased. d. Only lengths perpendicular to the direction of travel are decreased.

b. Only lengths parallel to the direction of travel are decreased.

A little known face is that both Robin and Friday wore eyeglasses. As it so happens, Robin was farsighted while Friday was nearsighted. Whose eyeglasses did they use whenever they wanted to start a fire by focusing the sun's rays? a. Friday's b. Robin's c. Both would work equally well d. Both actually worked, but Friday's was a little bit better e. Neither worked, but fortunately they were in possession of matches.

b. Robin's (converging lens for farsightedness)

A coil is placed in a changing magnetic field and an emf is induced. What happens to the induced emf if the rate of change of magnetic field quadruples? a. The emf halves. b. The emf quadruples. c. There is no change. d. The emf increases by a factor of 16. e. The emf doubles.

b. The emf quadruples.

An image is formed by a converging lens. Suppose the bottom half of the lens in covered, as shown. What happens to the image? a. The image disappears. b. The image becomes dimmer. c. The image rotates. d. The image moves relative to the lens. e. The top half of the image disappears. f. The bottom half of the image disappears. g. Nothing. image: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/daily-question-8-due-feb-26-12-30pm-points-0-image-formed-converging-lens-suppose-bottom-h-q35300921

b. The image becomes dimmer.

A bar magnet is dropped from above and falls through a loop of wire as shown. The north pole of the magnet points downward as the magnet falls. As viewed from above, which of the statements is correct? a. The induced current in the loop always flows in a clockwise direction. b. The induced current in the loop first flows in a counter-clockwise direction and then in a clockwise direction. c. The induced current in the loop flows first in a clockwise direction and then in a counter-clockwise direction. d. No current flows in the loop because both ends of the magnet move through the loop. e. The induced current in the loop always flows in a counterclockwise direction.

b. The induced current in the loop first flows in a counter-clockwise direction and then in a clockwise direction.

A simple refracting telescope provides large magnification by employing a. a long focal length objective and a long focal length eyepiece b. a long focal length objective and a short focal length eyepiece c. a short focal length objective and a long focal length eyepiece d. a short focal length objective and a short focal length eyepiece

b. a long focal length objective and a short focal length eyepiece

The total energy of a particle is the sum of its kinetic energy and its potential energy. The zero of the potential energy can be chosen arbitrarily, so the potential energy can be negative. Classically forbidden regions are where... a. a particle's total energy is greater than its kinetic energy b. a particle's total energy is less than its potential energy c. a particle's total energy is less than its kinetic energy d. a particle's total energy is greater than its potential energy e. a particle's total energy is equal its potential energy

b. a particle's total energy is less than its potential energy

The figure shows four pairs of polarizing sheets, seen face-on. Each pair is mounted in the path of initially unpolarized light. The transmission axis of each sheet is along the dotted line. The angle the transmission axis makes either with the x-axis or the y-axis is shown. Rank the pairs according to the fraction of the initial intensity that they pass, greatest first. a. All pairs transmit the same amount of light. b. a, d, b, c c. d, b, c, a d. d, a, b, c e. a, b = d, c image: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/figure-shows-four-pairs-polarizing-sheets-seen-face--pair-mounted-path-initially-un-polari-q16858391

b. a, d, b, c

You are choosing lenses for a telescope that you will use to look at the moon and planets. You should select: a. an objective lens with a long focal length and an eyepiece lens with an even longer focal length b. an objective lens with a long focal length and an eyepiece lens with a shorter focal length c. an objective lens with a short focal length and an eyepiece lens with a longer focal length d. an objective lens with a short focal length and an eyepiece lens with an even shorter focal length e.an objective lens and an eyepiece lens with equal focal lengths

b. an objective lens with a long focal length and an eyepiece lens with a shorter focal length

Diffraction is the tendency of light to a. disperse within a prism. b. bend around corners and edges. c. separate into its component colors. d. reflect off a mirror. e. bend through a lens.

b. bend around corners and edges.

A converging lens focuses the light from a nearby point source onto an image, as shown. The "focal point" of a lens is the point on the optic axis, one focal length f from the lens. Where is the focal point of this lens? a. further from the lens than the image b. between the lens and the image c. at the image

b. between the lens and the image

A circular coil of copper wire is lying flat on a horizontal table. A bar magnet is held above the center of the coil with its south pole downward. The magnet is released from the rest and falls toward the coil. As viewed from above, what is the direction of the current induced in the coil as the magnet approaches the coil? a. counterclockwise b. clockwise c. no current in induced in the coil d. an emf but no current induced in the coil

b. clockwise

If the maximum possible accuracy in measuring the position of a particle increases, the maximum possible accuracy in measuring its velocity will a. increase b. decrease c. no be affected

b. decrease

Nearsightedness is usually corrected with a. cylindrical lenses b. diverging lenses c. concave mirrors d. convex mirrors e. converging lenses

b. diverging lenses

Gaussian surfaces A and B enclose the same positive charge +Q. The area of Gaussian surface A is three times larger than that of Gaussian surface B. The electric flux through Gaussian surface A is a. three times larger than the flux of electric field through Gaussian surface B. b. equal to the flux of electric field through Gaussian surface B. c. nine times larger than the flux of electric field through Gaussian surface B. d. three times smaller than the flux of electric field through Gaussian surface B. e. unrelated to the flux of electric field through Gaussian surface B.

b. equal to the flux of electric field through Gaussian surface B.

A device that transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a a. transformer b. generator c. inductor d. galvanometer e. motor

b. generator

Which of the following actions will increase the energy of a photon? (There can be more than one answer) a. increase its wavelength b. increase its frequency c. decrease its wavelength d. decrease its frequency e. increase its speed

b. increase its frequency c. decrease its wavelength

In an experiment to demonstrate the photoelectric effect, you shine a beam of monochromatic blue light on a metal plate. As a result, electrons are emitted by the plate. If you increase the intensity of the light but keep the color of the light the same, the number of electrons emitted per second will ___ and the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons will ___. a. increase, increase b. increase, stay the same c. stay the same, increase d. stay the same, stay the same e. none of the above

b. increase, stay the same

A positive charge is moving to the right and experiences an upward magnetic force, as shown in the figure. In which direction must the magnetic field have a component? a. to the left b. into the page c. upward d. to the right e. out of the page

b. into the page

An ideal ammeter should... a. consist of a galvanometer in series with a large resistor. b. introduce a very small series resistance into the circuit whose current is to be measured. c. introduce a very large series resistance into the circuit whose d. current is to be measured. e. have a high coil resistance.

b. introduce a very small series resistance into the circuit whose current is to be measured.

As the temperature of a blackbody increases, what happens to the peak wavelength of the light it radiates? a. it gets longer b. it gets shorter c. the wavelength is not affected by the temperature of the object

b. it gets shorter

Imagine that you are an astronaut who is being paid according to the time spent traveling in space as measured by a clock on Earth. You take a long voyage traveling at a speed near that a. smaller than if you had remained on earth b. larger than if you had remained on earth the same as if you had remained on earth

b. larger than if you had remained on earth

A metal rod is placed across two metal rails that are connected to a battery and a switch (to the right of the rod). When the switch is closed, the rod... a. moves to the left. b. moves to the right. c. moves up. d. does not move.

b. moves to the right.

Faraday's law can be used to explain that... a. changing electric fields produce magnetic fields. b. moving a magnet through a copper coil momentarily causes a current to flow in the coil. c. moving a metal rod in the presence of a magnetic field always produces an emf. d. the electric field is a conservative field. e. magnetic fields are produce by moving charges.

b. moving a magnet through a copper coil momentarily causes a current to flow in the coil.

You are a passenger on a spaceship. As the speed of the spaceship increases, you will observe a. your watch slowing down. b. nothing unusual about the behavior of your watch. c. your watch gaining time. d. your watch speeding up. e. your watch losing time.

b. nothing unusual about the behavior of your watch.

In an electromagnetic wave in free space, the electric and magnetic fields are... a. perpendicular to one another and parallel to the direction of wave propagation b. perpendicular to one another and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation c. parallel to one another and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation d. parallel to one another and parallel to the direction of wave propagation

b. perpendicular to one another and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation

A flat coil is in a uniform magnetic field. The magnetic flux through the coil is greatest when the plane of its area is a. at 45° with the magnetic field b. perpendicular to the magnetic field c. parallel to the magnetic field

b. perpendicular to the magnetic field

The quantum of light is called a a. proton b. photon c. phonon d. none of the above

b. photon

An electromagnetic wave is transporting energy in the positive y direction. At one point and one instant the magnetic field is in the positive x direction. The electric field at that point and instant points in the a. negative x direction b. positive z direction c. positive y direction. d. negative z direction e. negative y direction

b. positive z direction

As a high-speed spaceship flies past you at one-half the speed of light, a strobe lamp fires at the center of a room aboard the spaceship. As measured by you, the light from the strobe... a. reaches point A before it reaches point B b. reaches point B before it reaches point A c. reaches points A and B simultaneously d. never reaches point A e. not enough information is given to decide

b. reaches point B before it reaches point A

In the transformer shown in the drawing, there are more turns in the secondary than in the primary. In this situation, the voltage amplitude is: a. greater in the primary than in the secondary b. smaller in the primary than in the secondary c. the same in the primary and in the secondary d. not enough information given to decide

b. smaller in the primary than in the secondary

When light passes from vacuum (index of refraction n=1) into water (n=1.333), a. the wavelength increases and the frequency is unchanged b. the wavelength decreases and the frequency is unchanged c. the wavelength is unchanged and the frequency increases d. the wavelength is unchanged and the frequency decreases e. both the wavelength and the frequency change

b. the wavelength decreases and the frequency is unchanged

Light is modeled as a transverse wave rather than a longitudinal wave a. because light can travel through a vacuum. b. to allow us to model the polarization of light. c. because the energy in light oscillates in a direction that parallel to its propagation direction. d. so that we can predict the effects of astigmatism.

b. to allow us to model the polarization of light.

What do we mean when we say that two light rays striking a screen are in phase with each other? a. they have the same wavelength b. when the electric field due to one is a maximum, the electric field due to the other is also a maximum, and this relation is maintained as time passes. c. they are traveling at the same speed d. they alternately reinforce and cancel each other

b. when the electric field due to one is a maximum, the electric field due to the other is also a maximum, and this relation is maintained as time passes.

A copper plate is free to swing between the poles of a large electromagnet. When the field is turned up the plate a. will swing faster. b. will brake and quickly come to rest. c. will become a permanent magnet. d. will swing with a larger amplitude, because it is pushed by the magnet. e. will not be affected at all.

b. will brake and quickly come to rest.

While the bar magnet below is moving with constant speed v towards the coil, the current in the coil... a. will decrease and flow through the resistor from B to A. b. will increase and flow through the resistor from B to A. c. will be zero. d. will increase and flow through the resistor from A to B. e. will decrease and flow through the resistor from A to B.

b. will increase and flow through the resistor from B to A.

A magnet falls through a metal pipe. This induces a current which a. The premise is false. There is no wire loop, and therefore no induced current. b. will slow down the falling magnet. c. does not affect the speed of the falling magnet. d. will speed up the falling magnet.

b. will slow down the falling magnet.

Light passes from the medium of index of refraction na into a second medium of index of refraction nb. The angles of incidence and refraction are θa and θb respectively. If na < nb, a. θa > θb and the light speeds up as it enters the second medium b. θa > θb and the light slows down as it enters the second medium c. θa < θb and the light speeds up as it enters the second medium d. θa < θb and the light slows down as it enters the second medium e. none of the above are true

b. θa > θb and the light slows down as it enters the second medium

Which one of the following lists gives the correct order of the electromagnetic spectrum from low to high frequencies? a. radio waves, infrared, microwaves, ultraviolet, visible, x-rays, gamma rays b.radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays c. radio waves, microwaves, visible, x-rays, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays d. radio waves, ultraviolet, x-rays, microwaves, infrared, visible, gamma rays e. radio waves, infrared, x-rays, microwaves, ultraviolet, visible, gamma rays

b.radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays

The half-life of 14C is 5730 years. Suppose an ancient bone is found in which the ratio of 14C /12C is 1/4 that found in the atmosphere and in living plants and animals.Approximately how old is the bone? a. 3000 years b. 1500 years c. 12000 years d. 6000 years e. 9000 years

c. 12000 years

An ideal step-up transformer doubles a primary voltage of 110V. What is the ratio of the number of turns in its primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil? a. 1:8 b. 4:1 c. 1:2 d. 2:1 e. 1:4

c. 1:2

Which of the following condensed notations gives the lowest energy electronic configuration for doubly ionized Magnesium (Mg)? a. 1s22s22p63s23p6 b. 1s22s22p63s2 c. 1s22s22p6 d. 1s22s22p43s2

c. 1s22s22p6

The closest object that a typical young person with normal vision can focus on clearly is closest to a. 50 cm b. 10 cm c. 25 cm d. 1 cm e. 75 cm

c. 25 cm

A small charged plastic ball is vertically above another charged small ball in a frictionless test tube as shown in the figure. The balls are in equilibrium a distance d apart. If the charge on each ball is doubled, the equilibrium distance between the balls in the test tube would become a. √2d b. d/4 c. 2d d. 8d e. 4d

c. 2d

Which of the following best describes the image formed by a plane mirror? (1) virtual, inverted and enlarged (2) real, inverted and reduced (3) virtual, upright and the same size as object (4) real, upright and the same size as object a. 4 b. 1 c. 3 d. 2

c. 3

A radar receiver indicates that a pulse return as an echo in 20 μs after it was sent. How far away is the reflecting object? (c = 3.0 × 10^8 m/s) a. 1.5 km b. 9.0 km c. 3.0 km d. 6.0 km

c. 3.0 km

Rocket driver Suzy is heading down the final straightaway, approaching the finish line at 1.0 x 10^8 m/s. Her fans, at the finish line straight ahead, are shooting laser beams toward her. The speed of light is 310^8 m/s. How fast are the light waves approaching in Suzy's reference frame? a. 1.0 x10^8 m/s b. 2.0x10^8 m/s c. 3.0x10^8 m/s d. 4.0 x 10^8 m/s

c. 3.0x10^8 m/s

In astronomy, distances are often expressed in light years, the distance light travels in one year. Alpha Centauri, the closest star to earth, is 4.3 light years away. Express this distance in meters. a. 1.36*10^8 m b. 9.5*10^15 m c. 4.1*10^16 m d. 1.29*10^9 m e. 17.74*10^10 m

c. 4.1*10^16 m

The energy of a diatomic molecule with moment of intertia I, angular frequency of vibration ω, vibrational quantum number n, and rotational quantum number l is E = l(l + 1)(h^2 /2I) + (n + 1/2)(hω) = l(l + 1)A + (n + 1/2)B For a certain diatomic molecule A=2.0x10^-7 eV and B = 0.25eV. Rank these states of this molecule from highest to lowest energy. 1. n = 3, l = 2 2. n = 2, l = 0 3. n = 2, l = 5 4. n = 4, l = 1 a. 1234 b. 3421 c. 4132 d. 4321

c. 4132

Electromagnetic waves emitted from the wiring in your house due to AC currents oscillating with a frequency of 60Hz have a wavelength of about... a. 3*10^8m b. 5*10^-9m c. 5*10^6m d. 3*10^3m

c. 5*10^6m

How far does a beam of light travel in 2.0ms? (c = 3.0*10^8 m/s) a. 0.66*10^5m b. 60m c. 6.0*10^5m d. 90m e. 70m

c. 6.0*10^5m

A loop of wire of area 2 m2 is placed with its plane perpendicular to a magnetic field of 3 T. If in 2 seconds the loop is flipped over one half rotation (180o), so that the plane is again perpendicular to the magnetic field, what is the induced emf? a. 2 V b. 3 V c. 6 V d. 12 V e. 24 V

c. 6V

A current-carrying wire is pulled away from a conducting loop in the direction shown. As the wire is moving away, what is the current in the loop? a. No current flows in the loop and no potential difference develops across any parts of the loop. b. The loop becomes polarized. Electrons move towards the left, and the right side is at a higher potential than the right side. c. A current flows clockwise around the loop. d. A current flows counter-clockwise around the loop. e. The loop becomes polarized. Electrons move towards the right, and the left side is at a higher potential than the right side.

c. A current flows clockwise around the loop.

A physics student desires to create a beam of light that consists of parallel rays. Which one of the following arrangements would allow her to accomplish this task? a. A light bulb is placed at the focal point of a convex mirror. b. A light bulb is placed at the focal point of a diverging lens c. A light bulb is placed at the focal point of a converging lens. d. A light bulb is located at twice the focal length from a concave mirror. e. A light bulb is located at twice the focal length from a converging lens.

c. A light bulb is placed at the focal point of a converging lens.

A 5-µF, a 7-µF, and an unknown capacitor CX are connected in parallel between points a and b as shown in the figure. What do you know about the equivalent capacitance Cab between a and b? (There could be more than one correct choice.) a. Cab < CX b. 5 µF < Cab < 12 µF c. Cab > CX d. Cab > 12 µF e. Cab < 5 µF

c. Cab > CX d. Cab > 12 µF

Which of the statements below is true? a. Photons can never be destroyed. b. Consider the photoelectric effect. The greater the intensity of the incoming light, the smaller is the cutoff frequency. c. Consider the photoelectric effect. The greater the work function of the target, the greater is the cutoff frequency. d. Photons from a certain source have energy of 0.62 eV. This light is visible. e. Consider the photoelectric effect. The shorter the wavelength of the incoming light, the smaller is the cutoff frequency.

c. Consider the photoelectric effect. The greater the work function of the target, the greater is the cutoff frequency.

The figure shows a conducting rod sliding over two bare wires. The wires are in a horizontal plane (ignore gravity) and are connected through the resistor R. A uniform magnetic field points out of the page everywhere. Friction between the rod and the wires is negligible. At the instant shown, the rod is moving from right to left, toward R, with a speed v. (A hand got the rod startedbefore the instant shown, but is no longer in contact with it.) Which one of the following is true at the instant shown? a. The rod experiences no net force. b. Current is flowing through R from b to a c. Current is flowing through R from a to b. d. An alternating current is flowing. e. There is no current flowing through R.

c. Current is flowing through R from a to b.

As the temperature of a blackbody increases, what happens to the peak wavelength of the light it radiates? a. It gets longer. b. The wavelength is not affected by the temperature of the object. c. It gets shorter.

c. It gets shorter.

You are given two converging lenses to build a compound microscope. Lens A has focal length 0.50cm and lens B has focal length of 3.0cm. Which one of the two lenses would you use for the objective? a. It makes no difference which lens I use for the objective b. Lens B, because it has the longer focal length c. Lens A, because it has the shorter focal length d. None, because the objective should be a diverging lens

c. Lens A, because it has the shorter focal length

Which of the following statements is false of total internal reflection (TIR)? a. When TIR occurs, the reflected light obeys the law of reflection. b. If TIR occurs at the boundary of water and air, then the light must be within water and heading towards the boundary with air. c. TIR causes a portion of the light to be refracted and the rest to be reflected. d. TIR only occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.

c. TIR causes a portion of the light to be refracted and the rest to be reflected.

Four unequal resistors are connected in a parallel with each other. Which one of the following statements is correct about this combination? a. The equivalent resistance is more than the largest resistance. b. None of the other choices is correct. c. The equivalent resistance is less than that of the smallest resistor. d. The equivalent resistance is midway between the largest and smallest resistance. e. The equivalent resistance is equal to the average of the four resistances.

c. The equivalent resistance is less than that of the smallest resistor.

Violet light is able to eject electrons from the surface of potassium metal, whereas red light cannot. Why? a. The wavelength of violet light is greater than that of red light and its energy is therefore spread over more electrons, giving it more targets. b. Red light is more efficiently absorbed by air and therefore does not reach the metal. c. The frequency of red light is lower than that of violet light and its photon energy is not sufficient to eject electrons. d. The intensity of violet light is always greater than that of red light.

c. The frequency of red light is lower than that of violet light and its photon energy is not sufficient to eject electrons.

Oscillating charges in an antenna produce electromagnetic waves. a. The intensity of the radiation emitted by the antenna is the same in all direction. b. The intensity of the radiation emitted by the antenna is greatest in the direction in which the antenna is pointing. c. The intensity of the radiation emitted by the antenna decreases as the inverse square of the distance away from the antenna. d. The intensity of the radiation emitted by the antenna is lowest in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the antenna is pointing.

c. The intensity of the radiation emitted by the antenna decreases as the inverse square of the distance away from the antenna.

If you moved the magnet with the same speed through the coils, but changed the number of coils from 2 to 3, what would happen? a. The light would flash with the same brightness. b. The light would not flash. c. The light would flash brighter. d. The light would flash less bright. image: #10 https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/1-10-moving-coil-magnetic-field-induces-force-o-potential-difference-emf-o-voltage-2-10-ac-q42379274

c. The light would flash brighter.

A fish swims below the surface of the water. An observer sees the fish at: a. a greater depth than it really is b. its true depth c. a smaller depth than it really is Image: https://www.physics.utoronto.ca/~jharlow/teaching/phy138_0506/lec08/quiz.pdf

c. a smaller depth than it really is

A high-speed train is traveling at a constant velocity along a straight-line track from Capital City to Shelbyville. According to an observer at rest on the ground, the clock at the railroad stations in Capital City and Shelbyville both strike noon at the same time. According to the passenger on the train, when the Capital City clock strikes noon, what time is it in Shelbyville? a. noon b. before noon c. after noon d. the answer depends on the speed of the train e. the answer depends on the speed of the train and the distance between Capital City and Shelbyville

c. after noon (= relativity) (a. noon = realtime)

The first postulate of principle of relativity states that... a. no object can travel faster than light b. all motion is relative c. all the laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames d. the speed of light is constant e. energy is given by E=mc^2

c. all the laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames

A nucleus with atomic number Z and neutron N undergoes two decay processes. The result is a nucleus with atomic number Z-3 and neutron number N-1. Which decay processes may have taken place? A/Z Y when A = mass number or sum of neutrons and protons, Z = atomic number or number of protons, and Y = element Beta+ = A/Z+1 Y Beta- = A/Z-1 Y Alpha= A-4/Z-2 Y Gamma = no changes to A/Z Y a. two beta-plus decays b. two beta-minus decays c. an alpha decay and a beta-plus decay e. an alpha decay and a beta-minus decay

c. an alpha decay and a beta-plus decay A/Z -alpha-> A-4/Z-2 Y -beta+ -> A-4/*Z-1* Y # of initial neutrons = A - Z *# of final neutrons = -4 - -1 = -3*

Two beams of coherent light start out at the same point in phase and travel different paths to arrive at point P. If the maximum destructive interference is to occur at point P, the two beams must travel paths that differ by a. a whole number of wavelengths. b. a whole number of half-wavelengths. c. an odd number of half-wavelengths.

c. an odd number of half-wavelengths.

A converging (convex) lens has focal length f. An object is located at infinity. The image formed is located a. at 2f. b. between f and 2f. c. at f d. between f and the lens. e. at infinity.

c. at f

A beam of electrons has a. particle properties b. wave properties c. both particle and wave properties d. none of these

c. both particle and wave properties

A given convex lens has a focal length that varies slightly with the wavelength of the light passing through it. When the a lens is used as the objective of a telescope, this results in a. distortion. b. spherical aberration. c. chromatic aberration. d. astigmatism. e. nothing! The premise is wrong. A convex lens has the same focal length for all wavelengths of light passing through it.

c. chromatic aberration.

Complete the following statement: An individual copper atom emits electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths that are a. the same as other elements in the same column of the periodic table. b. unique to that particular copper atom. c. unique to all copper atoms. d. the same as those of all elements. e. evenly spaced across the spectrum.

c. unique to all copper atoms.

The current in an infinite solenoid with uniform magnetic field B inside pointing out of the screen is increasing so that the magnitude B in increasing with time. A circular loop of radius r is placed coaxially outside the solenoid as shown. Determine the direction of the field Bind created by the induced current in the loop, in the plane region inside the loop? a. Out of the screen. b. The induced B is zero. c. Into the screen. d. Clockwise.

c. into the screen

A rectangular loop of wire lies in the plane of the page. The magnitude of a magnetic field which points into page is decreasing. The direction of the induced current... a. is counterclockwise. b. is zero. c. is clockwise. d. is clockwise in two sides of the loop and counterclockwise in the other two. e. is impossible to determine from the information given

c. is clockwise.

If the frequency of a light beam is doubled, what happens to the momentum of the photons in that beam of light? a. it stays the same b. it is halved c. it is doubled d. it is reduced to one-fourth of its original value e. it is increased to four times its original value

c. it is doubled

At a boundary between two transparent media, light may be refracted. The angle of incidence... a. must equal the angle of refraction. b. is always greater than the angle of refraction. c. may be greater than, less than, or equal to the angle of refraction. d. is always less than the angle of refraction.

c. may be greater than, less than, or equal to the angle of refraction.

A graph shows the stopping potential in the photoelectric effect as a function of light frequency for a particular type of metal. If you use a different type of metal, the slope of the graph's ___ and the point where the graph intercepts the horizontal axis ___. a. could change, could change b. could change, must stay the same c. must stay the same, could change d. must stay the same, must stay the same e. must change, could change

c. must stay the same, could change

The electronic energy level of a certain system are given by En = E1*n2, where n = 1, 2, 3. Assume that transitions can occur between all levels. If one wanted to construct a laser from this system by pumping the n = 1 to n = 3 transition, which energy level or levels would have to be metastable? a. n = 1 and n = 3 only b. n = 1 only c. n = 2 only d. n = 1, n = 2, and n = 3 e. none

c. n = 2 only

Suppose you wanted to get rid of carbon-12 nuclei and in the process release energy. In principle, this could be done by... a. separating the nuclei into protons and neutrons. b. nuclear fission into He nuclei. c. nuclear fusion. d. Even in principle this could not be done. e. burning the carbon in an oxygen atmosphere.

c. nuclear fusion.

A flat coil is in a uniform magnetic field. The magnetic flux through the coil is greatest when the plane of its area is a. parallel to the magnetic field. b. at 45° with the magnetic field. c. perpendicular to the magnetic field.

c. perpendicular to the magnetic field.

Which one of the following lists gives the correct order of the electromagnetic waves from longer wavelength to shorter wavelength? a. radio waves, microwaves, visible, x-rays, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays b. radio waves, infrared, microwaves, ultraviolet, visible, x-rays, gamma rays c. radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays d. radio waves, infrared, x-rays, microwaves, ultraviolet, visible, gamma rays e. radio waves, ultraviolet, x-rays, microwaves, infrared, visible, gamma rays

c. radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays

An upright object is 50 cm from a concave mirror of radium 60 cm. The character of the image is a. real and upright b. virtual and inverted c. real and inverted d. virtual and upright

c. real and inverted

The nuclear force is... a. long range and charge independent b. long range and charge dependent c. short range and charge independent d. short range and charge dependent e. electromagnetic in nature.

c. short range and charge independent

Which one of the following statements is correct? a. the image formed by the eyepiece is real for both a microscope and telescope b. the image formed by the objective of a microscope is smaller than the object c. the image formed by the objective lens of a microscope is larger than the object

c. the image formed by the objective lens of a microscope is larger than the object

Which of these is largest in size? a. an electron b. an alpha particle c. the nucleus of a gold atom d. all are about the same

c. the nucleus of a gold atom

When an x-ray photon bounces off an electron, a. the photon wavelength decreases and the photon frequency decreases b. the photon wavelength decreases and the photon frequency increases c. the photon wavelength increases and the photon frequency decreases d. the photon wavelength increases and the photon frequency increases e. none of the above

c. the photon wavelength increases and the photon frequency decreases

Light passes from vacuum (index of refraction n=1) into water (n=1.333). If the incident angle θa is in the range 0° < θa < 90°, a. the refracted angle is greater than the incident angle b. the refracted angle is equal to the incident angle c. the refracted angle is less than the incident angle d. two of A, B, and C are possible, depending on the specific value of θa e. all three of A, B, and C are possible, depending on the specific value of θa

c. the refracted angle is less than the incident angle

Orbital electrons don't spiral into the atomic nucleus because of a. angular momentum conservation b. energy conservation c. the wave nature of electrons d. all of the above

c. the wave nature of electrons

The bar magnet is pushed toward the center of a wire loop. Which is true? (magnet is parallel below the loop with S to the left and N to the right) a. there is a clockwise induced current in the loop b. there is a counterclockwise induced current in the loop c. there is no induced current in the loop

c. there is no induced current in the loop

Which kinds of unstable nuclei typically decay by emitting an alpha particle? a. those with too many neutrons (Beta- decay) b. those with too many protons (Beta+ decay) c. those with too many neutrons and too many protons d. misleading question - the number of neutrons and protons in a nucleus are unrelated to whether or not it emits an alpha particle e. misleading question - a nucleus cannot decay by emitting an alpha particle spontaneously. alpha particles are released only in collision between nuclei

c. those with too many neutrons and too many protons

The coil of the generator shown in the figure is turned with constant angular velocity. The emf induced in the coil therefore a. is constant. b. is zero. We need a changing angular velocity to produce an emf. c. varies sinusoidally. d. causes a current to flow through the coil which produces a field always pointing from the south to the north pole of the magnet.

c. varies sinusoidally.

Which one of the following sets of characteristics describes the image formed by a plane mirror? a. real and upright b. virtual and inverted c. virtual and upright d. real and inverted e. virtual and larger than the object

c. virtual and upright

A proton is initially at rest at x = d and an electron is initially at rest at x = -d. At the same instant they are released. They subsequently

collide close to x = d (because the proton has the larger mass and smaller acceleration)

A square conductor moves through a uniform magnetic field. Which of the figures shows the correct charge distribution on the conductor? a b c d e. Positive and negative charges will be evenly distributed. image: https://www.physics.wisc.edu/undergrads/courses/spring09/208/Lectures/lect15.pdf

You want to build a Keplerian telescope. You have two convex lenses and two concave lenses available. The larger lenses have focal lengths +100 cm and -100 cm respectively and the smaller lenses have focal lengths +10 cm and - 10 cm respectively. Which lenses should you use and how far apart should you place them? What is the angular magnification of your telescope? a. +100 and - 10, 110 cm apart b. +100 and - 100, 100 cm apart c. +100 and - 10, 90 cm apart d. +100 and +10, 110 cm apart

d. +100 and +10, 110 cm apart

In a two-slit experiment, monochromatic coherent light of wavelength 600 nm passes through a pair of slits separated by 2.20 × 10-5 m. At what angle away from the centerline does the first bright fringe occur? a. 6.24° b. 2.22° c. 3.12° d. 1.56° e. 4.70°

d. 1.56°

The radius of an atomic nucleus is of the order of a. 10^-8 m b. 10^-12 m c. 10^-10 m d. 10^-15 m e. 10^-18 m f. The nucleus is a point and has no radius.

d. 10^-15 m

RMS and Peak Quantities: What is the peak voltage in an ac circuit where the rms voltage is 120 V? a. 120 V b. 84.8 V c. 240 V d. 170 V

d. 170 V

Samir, who is standing at rest on the ground, starts his stopwatch at the instant that Maria flies past him in her spaceship. She continues to fly her spaceship at the same constant velocity. According to Maria, at the instant that Samir's stopwatch reads 16.0s, Maria's stopwatch reads 20.0s. According to Samir, at the instant that Maria's stopwatch reads 20.0s, Samir's stopwatch reads a. 16.0 s b. 20.0 s c. 24.0 s d. 25.0 s e. none of the above

d. 25.0 s

Two ideal parallel-plate capacitors are identical in every respect except that one has twice the plate area of the other. If the smaller capacitor has capacitance C, the larger one has capacitance a. C b. 4C c. C/2 d. 2C

d. 2C

Coulomb's Law: Two electrons are 20.0 mm apart at closest approach. What is the magnitude of the maximum electric force that they exert on each other? (e = 1.60 × 10^-19 C & k = 1/4πε0 = 9.0 × 10^9 N ∙ m^2/C^2) a. 2.3 × 10^10 N b. 5.8 × 10^-27 N c. 2.3 N d. 5.8 × 10^-25 N

d. 5.8 × 10^-25 N

Length Contraction: The figure shows a right-angled construction frame ABC. When measured at rest, it has dimensions as follows: AB = 26.0 m, AC = 10.0 m, and BC = 24.0 m. This frame is now given a new velocity of 0.760c, relative to Earth, in a direction parallel to AC. How long is part AC of this frame with the new velocity as measured by Earth-based engineers? a. 23.7 m b. 24.3 m c. 24.9 m d. 6.50 m e. 25.4 m image: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/4-figure-shows-right-angled-construction-frame-abc-measured-rest-dimensions-follows-ab-260-q33255426

d. 6.50 m L =L0 * √(1-(v^2/c^2)) L = 10.0m * √(1-(0.760^2)) = 10.0m * √(1-0.5776) = 10.0m * √(0.4224) = 10.0m * 0.6499 = 6.499 =*6.50*

An electromagnetic wave travels in a vacuum. The wavelength of the wave is tripled. How is this accomplished? a. By tripling the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields that comprise the wave. b. By tripling the frequency of the wave. c. By tripling the speed of the wave. d. By reducing the frequency of the wave by a factor of three. e. By reducing the speed of the wave by a factor of three.

d. By reducing the frequency of the wave by a factor of three.

If unpolarized light of intensity I0 passes through an ideal polarizer, what is the intensity of the emerging light? a. I0/√2 b. I0/4 c. I0 d. I0/2 e. I0/16

d. I0/2

is unpolarized light of intensity I0 passes through an ideal polarizer, what is the intensity of the emerging light? a. I0/ b. I0 c. I0/4 d. I0/2 e. I0/16 ** I0 = I nought**

d. I0/2

In the circuit shown in the figure, the resistor R has a variable resistance. As R is decreased, what happens to the currents? a. I1 increases and I2 decreases. b. I1 remains unchanged and I2 increases. c. I1 increases and I2 increases. d. I1 decreases and I2 increases. e. I1 decreases and I2 decreases.

d. I1 decreases and I2 increases.

In a double-slit experiment, it is observed that the distance between adjacent maxima on a remote screen is 1.0 cm. What happens to the distance between adjacent maxima when the slit separation is cut in half? a. It decreases to 0.50 cm. b. None of these choices are correct. c. It decreases to 0.25 cm. d. It increases to 2.0 cm. e. It increases to 4.0 cm.

d. It increases to 2.0 cm.

The length of a certain wire is kept same while its radius is doubled. What is the new resistance of this wire? a. It is increased by a factor of 4. b. It is reduced by a factor of 8. c. It is increased by a factor of 2. d. It is reduced by a factor of 4. e. It is reduced by a factor of 2.

d. It is reduced by a factor of 4.

The configuration of the potassium atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1. Which of the following statements about potassium is true? a. Its atomic number is 17. b. Its least tightly bound electron has l = 4. c. Its n = 3 shell is completely filled. d. Its electron charge distribution or probability density is spherically symmetric. e. Its 4s subshell is completely filled.

d. Its electron charge distribution or probability density is spherically symmetric.

The ratio of a photon's energy to its frequency is a. its speed b. its wavelength c. its amplitude d. Planck's constant

d. Planck's constant

Which one of the following statements concerning rays is false? a. Rays for a plane wave are parallel to each other. b. Rays point outward from the wave source. c. Rays point in the direction of the wave velocity. d. Rays are parallel to the wave front. e. Rays are radial lines that originate from a point source of waves.

d. Rays are parallel to the wave front.

A ray of green light travels through air and is refracted as it enters a glass prism shown in the figure. An unknown liquid is in contact with the right side of the prism. The light then follows the path shown. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true? a. The index of refraction of the glass is smaller than that of air. b. The frequency of the light changes inside the prism. c. The refractive index of the liquid is the same as that of air. d. The index of refraction of the unknown liquid is the same as that of the glass. e. The speed of light is larger in the liquid than in the glass.

d. The index of refraction of the unknown liquid is the same as that of the glass.

Which one of the following statements is correct? a. Earth's geographic south pole is the south pole of Earth's magnetic field. b. Earth's geographic north pole is the north pole of Earth's magnetic field. c. The north pole of a magnet points towards Earth's geographic south pole. d. The north pole of a magnet points towards Earth's geographic north pole. e. None of the above statements is correct.

d. The north pole of a magnet points towards Earth's geographic north pole.

To maximize the magnification of a refracting telescope, what lenses should you choose? a. The objective lens and eyepiece should both have small focal lengths. b. The objective lens should have a large focal length, but it doesn't matter what the focal length of the eyepiece is. c. The objective lens should have a small focal length and the eyepiece should have a large focal length. d. The objective lens should have a large focal length and the eyepiece should have a small focal length. e. The objective lens and eyepiece should both have large focal lengths.

d. The objective lens should have a large focal length and the eyepiece should have a small focal length.

Electron beams can undergo a. diffreaction b. interference c. deflection d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which one is the most massive of the particles listed below? a. gamma ray b. proton c. neutron d. alpha particle e. electron

d. alpha particle

A bird is sitting on a perch peering into a small convex mirror in its cage. The image it sees is a. always magnified. b. always inverted. c. always real. d. always virtual.

d. always virtual.

The cesium isotope 137Cs decays into the barium isotope 137Ba with a half-life of 30.2 years? The atomic masses of cesium and barium are 136.9071 u and 136.9058 u. The decay is a... a. a chain reaction b. a gamma decay c. alpha decay d. beta minus decay. An electron is emitted. e. beta plus decay. A positron is emitted.

d. beta minus decay. An electron is emitted.

An element with atomic number 82 decays to one of atomic number 84. Which of the following emissions achieves the result? a. alpha particle only b. alpha particle, followed by beta particle c. beta particle only d. beta particle, followed by a second beta particle Keep in mind: Beta+ = A/Z+1 Y Beta- = A/Z-1 Y Alpha= A-4/Z-2 Y

d. beta particle, followed by a second beta particle atomic number increases, beta- and alpha both decrease an atomic number, so beta+ is what brings it up 1, and having two beta+ decays would bring it up from 82 to 84

The electric field in unpolarized light a. has no direction at any time. b. rotates rapidly. c. is always parallel to the direction of propagation. d. changes direction randomly and often. e. remains along the same line but reverses direction randomly and often.

d. changes direction randomly and often.

Electric Field of Point-Charges: The electric field at point P due to a point charge Q a distance R away from P has magnitude E. In order to double the magnitude of the field at P, you could a. double the distance to 2R. b. reduce the distance to R/2. c. double the charge to 2Q and at the same time reduce the distance to R/2. d. double the charge to 2Q. e. reduce the distance to R/4.

d. double the charge to 2Q.

Two light nuclei come together and fuse forming a more massive nucleus. The mass of the product nucleus is less than the mass of the original nuclei. In this reaction a. the mass energy of final nucleus is equal to the mass energy of the initial nuclei b. energy is added c. neutrons must be converted into protons d. energy is released e. nucleons are lost.

d. energy is released

A transformer is a device used to... a. increase or decrease a dc voltage b. transform an alternating current int a direct current c. transform a direct current into an alternating current d. increase or decrease an ac voltage

d. increase or decrease an ac voltage

A conducting rod is pulled through the magnetic field shown. Which side of the rod becomes negatively charged? a. Top b. Right c. Bottom d. Left e. None

d. left

Which kinds of unstable nuclei typically decay by emitting a gamma-ray photon? a. those with too many neutrons b. those with too many protons c. those with too many neutrons and protons d. misleading question - the numbers of neutrons and protons in a nucleus is unrelated to whether or not it emits gamma rays e. misleading question - a nucleus cannot decay by emitting an electron spontaneously. electrons are released only in collision between nuclei.

d. misleading question - the numbers of neutrons and protons in a nucleus is unrelated to whether or not it emits gamma rays

Time Dilation: You are a passenger on a spaceship. As the speed of the spaceship increases, you will observe... a. your watch losing time. b. your watch speeding up. c. your watch gaining time. d. nothing unusual about the behavior of your watch. e. your watch slowing down.

d. nothing unusual about the behavior of your watch. since the watch and passenger are collectively moving at the same speed as the spaceship, everything inside seems as if it's stationary, so the watch wouldn't have any abnormal affects

Two light sources are said to be coherent if they are a. of the same amplitude, and maintain a constant phase difference b. of the same frequency and amplitude c. of the same frequency d. of the same frequency, and maintain a constant phase difference

d. of the same frequency, and maintain a constant phase difference

An image shows a concave lens with an object (arrow pointing up) to the left 100cm, and the focal point in between the two at 50cm. Characterize the object's image. a. same size and arrow pointing up b. smaller and arrow pointing up c. larger and arrow pointing up d. same size and arrow pointing down e. smaller size and arrow pointing down

d. same size and arrow pointing down

In a compound microscope... a. magnification is provided by the objective lens and not by the eyepiece. The eyepiece merely increases the resolution of the image viewed. b. both the objective and the eyepiece form real images. c. the magnification is m1 + M2, where m1 is the lateral magnification of the objective and M2 is the angular magnification of the eyepiece. d. the image of the objective serves as the object for the eyepiece. e. magnification is provided by the objective and not by the eyepiece. The eyepiece merely increases the brightness of the image viewed.

d. the image of the objective serves as the object for the eyepiece.

A coil lies flat on a tabletop in a region where the magnetic field vector points straight up. The magnetic field vanishes suddenly. When viewed from above, what is the sense of the induces current in this coil as the field fades? a. the current flows clockwise initially, and then it flows counterclockwise before stopping. b. the induced current flows clockwise c. there is no induced current in this coil d. the induced current flows counterclockwise

d. the induced current flows counterclockwise

The principle on which fiber optics is based is a. dispersion. b. refraction, c. polarization. d. total internal reflection. e. diffraction.

d. total internal reflection.

The critical angle for a beam of light passing from water into air is 48.8°. This means that all light rays with an angle of incidence in the water that is greater than 48.8° will be a. totally absorbed by the water b. totally transmitted c. partially reflected and partially transmitted d. totally reflected

d. totally reflected

At a particular instant, an electron moves toward the east in a uniform magnetic field that is directed straight downward. The magnetic force that acts on it is a. zero. b. upward. c. downward. d. toward the south. e. toward the north.

d. toward the south.

Charge in an Electric Field: An electron is initially moving to the right when it enters a uniform electric field directed upwards, as shown in the figure. Which trajectory (X, Y, Z, or W) will the electron follow in the field? a. trajectory X b. trajectory Y c. trajectory W d. trajectory Z

d. trajectory Z

An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at a distance larger than twice the magnitude of the focal length of the mirror. The image will appear a. upright and enlarged. b. inverted and reduced. c. in front of the mirror. d. upright and reduced. e. inverted and enlarged.

d. upright and reduced.

A loop of wire of area A is tipped at an angle θ to a uniform magnetic field B. The maximum flux occurs for an angle θ = 0o. What angle θ will give a flux that is ½ of this maximum value? a. θ = 90° b. θ = 45° c. θ = 30° d. θ = 60° e. θ = 20°

d. θ = 60°

In the fission reaction: 235/92 U + 1/0 n -> 141/56 Ba + 92/36 Kr + X(1/0 n) what is the number x of neutrons produced? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

d.3 235/92 U + 1/0 n -> 141/56 Ba + 92/36 Kr + X(1/0 n) 236/92 = 233/92 + X(1/0 n) 236-233 = 3 needed

You wish to double the power dissipated by a heating device. You could...

double the resistance while keeping the current the same.

The equation shows a fission reaction: 235/92 U + 1/0n -> 99/41Nb + X + 4(1/0 n) What is the missing term X in the equation? a. 136/47 Ag b. 136/51 Sb c. 139/51 Sb d. 133/47 Ag e. 133/51 Sb

e. 133/51 Sb 235/92 U + 1/0n -> 99/41Nb + X + 4(1/0 n) 236/92 = 99/41 + X + 4/0 236/92 = 103/41 + X *236 -103 = 133 92-41 = 51 = Sb*

Suppose a Uranium 238 nucleus "swallows" a neutron and then decays not by fission but by beta decay, emitting an electron and an anti-neutrino. Which nucleus remains after this decay? a. 239-Pu b. 238-Pa c. 238-Np d. 239-U e. 239-Np

e. 239-Np

The closest object that a typical young person with normal vision can focus on clearly is closes too... a. 50cm b. 75cm c. 10cm d. 15cm e. 25cm

e. 25cm

What is the critical angle of light rays inside a gem whose refractive index is 2.4? Assume that the gem is surrounded by air. a. 67° b. 42° c. 90° d. 65° e. 25°

e. 25°

A narrow beam of sodium yellow light, with wavelength 589 nm in vacuum, is incident from air onto a smooth water surface at an angle of incidence of 40 degrees with respect to the normal. The index of refraction of water is 1.33. What is the angle of refraction in degrees? a. 40 degrees b. 25.5 degrees c. 61.2 degrees d. 22.8 degrees e. 28.8 degrees

e. 28.8 degrees (1.00)sin(40°) = (1.33)sinθ sinθ =[(1.00)sin(40°)]/1.33 θ = sin^-1(0.4833) θ = 28.9°

A certain part of the electromagnetic spectrum ranges from 200 nm to 400 nm. What is the lowest frequency associated with this portion of the spectrum? (c = 3.00 × 10^8 m/s) a. 7.50 × 10^15 Hz b. 7.50 × 10^13 Hz c. 1.50 × 10^15 Hz d. 1.50 × 10^14 Hz

e. 7.50 × 10^14 Hz

A switch is flipped and the current flowing through a wire is turned on. a. A current flows momentarily counterclockwise in the loop. b. No current will flow in the loop. It is not connected to the wire. c. A steady current will flow counterclockwise in the loop. d. A steady current will flow clockwise in the loop. e. A current flows momentarily clockwise in the loop.

e. A current flows momentarily clockwise in the loop.

Which one of the following statements concerning rays is false? a. Rays for a plane wave are parallel to each other. b. Rays point outward from the wave source. c. Rays point in the direction of the wave velocity. d. Rays are radial lines that originate from a point source of waves. e. Rays are parallel to the wave front.

e. Rays are parallel to the wave front.

A department store Santa Claus looks at his reflection in a spherical Christmas tree ornament. Which one of the following statements concerning the Santa's image is true? a. The image is real. b. The image is farther from the ornament than Santa is. c. The image is larger than Santa. d. The image is inverted. e. The image is smaller than Santa.

e. The image is smaller than Santa.

You observe that a glass prism separates white light into its component colors. Which one of the following statements best explains this observation? a. Some of the color components of the white light are absorbed by the glass and only the remaining components are observed. b. Only some of the color components are refracted by the glass; and these are the ones that are observed. c. The separation of white light into its color components is due to the increase in the speed of light within the glass. d. White light is separated into its color components by total internal reflection within the prism. e. The index of refraction of the glass depends on the wavelength, so the color components are refracted at different angles.

e. The index of refraction of the glass depends on the wavelength, so the color components are refracted at different angles.

In a Compton scattering experiment, a beam of x-rays of wavelength 0.07 nm scatters of nearly free electrons. The scattered radiation is investigated as a function of the angle theta between it and the primary beam. The scattered radiation contains a. a component shifted in wavelength by an amount that is independent of the scattering angle. b. a component shifted in wavelength by an amount that decreases as the scattering angle increases. c. two components with wavelength shifted up and down by an equal amount. d. no wavelength other than that of the primary beam. e. a component shifted in wavelength by an amount that is independent of the wavelength of the primary beam.

e. a component shifted in wavelength by an amount that is independent of the wavelength of the primary beam.

The image formed in a plane mirror is... a. as the same distance in front of the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror b. a real image behind the mirror c. at a shorter distance behind the mirror than the distance the object is in front of the mirror d. at a larger distance behind the mirror than the distance the object is in front of the mirror e. at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror

e. at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror

In thin-film interference, what two factors determine the phase difference between a light beam reflected off of the front firm surface and a beam reflected from the back surface? a. the wavelength of the incident light b. the frequency of the incident light c. the thickness of the film d. the ration of the index of refraction between the film and the medium it is immersed in e. c and d

e. c and d (c. the thickness of the film d. the ration of the index of refraction between the film and the medium it is immersed in)

An object is placed at the focal point of a converging lens of focal length f. What is the image distance? a. f b. 2f c. 1/f d. 2/f e. infinite

e. infinite

The image formed by a single concave lens a. is always inverted. b. is always real. c. could be real or virtual, but is always real when the object is placed at the focal point. d. could be real or virtual, depending on whether the object distance is smaller or greater than the focal length. e. is always virtual.

e. is always virtual.

When light travels from air into water, a. its frequency changes, but its velocity and wavelength do not change b. its velocity, wavelength, and frequency all change c. its wavelength changes, but its velocity and frequency do not change d. its velocity changes but its frequency and wavelength do not change e. its velocity and wavelength change, but its frequency does not change

e. its velocity and wavelength change, but its frequency does not change

When light travels from water into glass, a. its frequency changes, but its velocity and wavelength do not change b. its velocity, wavelength, and frequency all change c. its wavelength changes, but its velocity and frequency do not change d. its velocity changes but its frequency and wavelength do not change e. its velocity and wavelength change, but its frequency does not change

e. its velocity and wavelength change, but its frequency does not change

In a vacuum, one color of red light has a wavelength of 700nm and one color of violet light has a wavelength of 400nm. This means that in a vacuum, the red light a. has higher frequency and travels faster than the violet light b. has higher frequency and travels slower than the violet light c. has lower frequency and travels faster than the violet light d. has lower frequency and travels slower than the violet light e. matches none of the above answers

e. matches none of the above answers

A light beam has speed c in vacuum and speed v in a certain plastic. The index of refraction n of this plastic is a. n=cv b. n= (v/c)^2 c. n = v/c d. n = (c/v)^2 e. n = c/v

e. n = c/v

If the lens in a person's eye is too highly curved, this person is suffering from a. farsightedness b. spherical abberation c. astigmatism d. chromatic aberration e. nearsightedness

e. nearsightedness

Which of the following statements about the image formed by a single converging lens are true? a. the image is always upright b. the image is always real c. the image is always virtual d. the image is always inverted e. none of the above choices are correct

e. none of the above choices are correct

Which of the following statements about the imaged formed by a single converging lens are true? a. the image is always real b. the image is always virtual c. the image is always inverted d. the image is always upright e. none of the above choices are correct

e. none of the above choices are correct

The middle of the first order maximum, adjacent to the central bright fringe in a double-slit experiment, corresponds to a point where the optical path length difference from the two slits is equal to a. 1/2 wavelength. b. 0. c. undefined. d. 1/4 wavelength. e. one wavelength.

e. one wavelength.

A material is known to be an isotope of lead, although the particular isotope is not known. From such limited information, which of the following quantities can you specify: its atomic number, its neutron number, its atomic mass number? a. its neutron number and its atomic mass number b. its atomic number and its atomic mass number c. only its neutron number d. only its atomic mass number e. only its atomic number

e. only its atomic number

An object PQ is placed in front of a converging lens, forming a real image P'Q'. If you use black paint to cover the lower half of the lens, a) only the object's upper half will be visible in the image b) only the object's lower half will be visible in the image c) only the object's left-hand side will be visible in the image d) only the object's right-hand half will be visible in the image e) the entire object will be visible in the image

e. the entire object will be visible in the image

Which one of the following is a characteristic of a compound microscope? a. the objective is a diverging lens b. The eyepiece is a diverging lens c. the final image is real d. the image formed by the objective is virtual e. the image formed by the objective is real

e. the image formed by the objective is real

Which one of the following types of electromagnetic wave travels through space the fastest? a. microwaves b. radio waves c. ultraviolet d. infrared e. they all travel through space at the same speed

e. they all travel through space at the same speed

Suppose that you carry out the analysis of a lens system and find that the image distance is negative. This finding tells you that the image is a. inverted. b. magnified. c. smaller than the object. d. real. e. virtual.

e. virtual.

A proton is released near the equator and falls toward the earth under the influence of gravity. The magnetic force on the proton will be toward the

east

An ideal ammeter

has zero resistance and should be connected in series with a circuit element being measured.

As a high-speed spaceship flies past you at half the speed of light, it fires a strobe light. An observer on board the spaceship measures a spherical wave front that spreads away from the strobe light with the same speed c in all directions. The wave front that you measure...

is spherical and is centered on the point where the spaceship was when the strobe was fired.

Consider a uniform electric field, for example the field inside a parallel plate capacitor, as shown. If a proton is taken from location B to location C, how does its potential energy change? +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ I A I I B I I I I I I I I I I I C I v v v v v -----------------------------

it decreases

Assume that in an atom the subshell n = 8, l = 4 is completely filled. How many electrons does this subshell hold?

l = 4 = g subshell = 9 orbitals x 2 = *18* electrons possible

Compared to the effective resistance of two resistors connected in series, the effective resistance of the same two resistors connected in parallel is...

lower

Compared to the effective resistance of two resistors connected in series, the effective resistance of the same two resistors connected in parallel is

lower.

A radioactive substance has a mean-life τ of 17 years. Assume we start with 206 kg of the substance. How many kg of the substance will be left after 29 years?

mean life = τ half-life = t1/2 τ = (t1/2) / (ln 2) 17y (ln 2) = t1/2 t1/2 = 11.8 years N(t) = quantity of the substance remaining N0 = initial quantity of the substance t = time elapsed t1/2 = half life of the substance N(t) = N0 (1/2)^(t / t1/2) N(t) = 206kg (1/2)^(29y / 11.8y) *N(t) = 37.4kg*

The figure below shows a proton (q = +e) at one instant with velocity V pointing along the positive x-axis. The proton is moving through a magnetic field B that points along the positive y-axis. At the instant shown the magnetic force on the proton...

points in the positive z-direction

Each of the following four transformers has 1000 turns in its primary. Rank the transformers in order of the number of turns in the secondary, from largest to smallest. a. converts 120V into 240V ac b. converts 120V into 12V ac c. converts 240V into 120V ac d. converts 240V into 12V ac

secondary voltage/primary voltage = secondary coils/primary coils a = 2000 coils b = 100 coils c = 500 coils d = 50 coils = acbd

A Young's double-slit interference experiment is performed with monochromatic light. The separation between the slits is 0.5 mm. The interference pattern on the screen 4.2 m away shows the first maximum 4.4 mm from the center of the pattern. What is the wavelength of the light in nm?

slit separation = d = 0.5mm = 0.0005m interference/distance = L = 4.2m displacement = 4.4mm = 0.0044m m = 1 (1st order) λ = ? d(x/L) = mλ (0.0005m)(0.0044m/4.2m) = λ 524 = λ 524

Two negative point charges with the same charge -q and a point P are located as shown, at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. What is the direction of the electric field due to the two point charges at point P? (image point is to the left and both are negative charges)

the +x direction

You have just pulled your clothes from the dryer and find that a sock is clinging to your jeans with static electricity. You pull the two apart. As the jeans and the sock move apart, the force between them becomes weaker because...

the force between the electric charges becomes weaker with increasing distance.

A stationary positive charge +Q is located in a magnetic field B, which is directed toward the right as indicated. The direction of the magnetic force on Q is

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