physical activity and public health
Even the very best PE classes can typically offer only 20 to 30 minutes of physical activity time.
true
Community-scale changes in the physical and built environments require a short-term view for balancing the project expense with physical activity and health benefits, which may be seen fairly rapidly or in the span of a few months.
False
Studies that have examined the issue of increased access have focused on strategies for changing the physical environment.
False
In general, informational approaches to physical activity promotion may help change behaviors through all but which of the following pathways?
Help people identify barriers to designing effective physical activity interventions.
All but which of the following are effective examples of health and health behavior policy mentioned in the text?
High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes to reduce traffic congestion
Urban design refers to the form, function, and outward appearance of the physical environment in defined entities, such as all but which of the following?
Households
The Task Force seeks the answers to all but which of the following questions about specific physical activity interventions?
How will it work in the future?
Characteristics of classroom health education programs attempting to increase physical activity include all but which of the following?
Include personal trainers and use of exercise equipment.
The most organized and structured form of physical activity partnering designed to unite groups or individuals (or both) toward a common cause or mission is called
collaborative
An effective strategy for influencing decision makers who can affect public policy for physical activity is
communicate effectively using brief, clear communication vehicles
A partnership that is formal and structured around the compatibility of the mission statements of all the partners is called
coordination
The type of evaluation that examines the overall delivery costs of a physical activity promotion program as well as how these costs compare with those of alternative program delivery options is called
cost-effectiveness analysis
The type of evaluation that examines physical activity program or policy implementation is called
process evaluation
All but which of the following are strategies for effective individual adapted health behavior change?
reduced cues
All but which of the following are examples of other in-school settings besides school PE that provide opportunities for children and adolescents to be physically active?
screen time
The SPARK Program via the case study mentioned in the textbook showed that compared to controls, trained PE specialists or classroom teachers were able to _____ the number of minutes per week of physical activity in elementary school children.
double
The CDC Physical Activity Evaluation Framework contains all but which of the following steps?
exercise prescription
The CDC Physical Activity Evaluation Framework contains all of the following steps except
exercise prescription
Effective partnerships are most frequently helpful when each partner brings unique skills and resources.
false
Once a partnership has been established and is functioning, evaluation is not much of a priority.
false
Partnerships for physical activity and public health must focus exclusively on long-term goals.
false
Research shows that whether schools are new or old, parents are concerned about safety, injury, and crime, which can cause them to increase the physical activity opportunities for their children relative to their perceptions of the current school environment.
false
To be most successful, individually adapted behavior change programs tailor the type and dose of interventions to the community's needs.
false
_____ was first developed in 1982 by the Cooper Institute and includes youth health-related fitness field tests of aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.
fitnessgram
In the _____ study, which provided a church-based support network, the participants in the social support group demonstrated a 63% increase in the minutes per week spent in physical activity that was of at least a moderate intensity.
heart and soul physical activity program
Taken together, existing studies show that community-wide informational campaigns that increase physical activity produce all but which of the following outcomes?
improve phase II cardiac rehabilitation outcomes
As children move through adolescence to young adulthood, they experience _____ in activities such as running probably due to growth and development.
improved economy
All but which of the following have major influences on the physical activity levels of children and adolescents?
sex of individual
Social integration provides implicit _____ as a result of the connections made through participation. Examples are clubs, communities, community events such as fun runs, the workplace, and family and friends.
social support
Whether it is a faith-based exercise program for one specific place of worship, a neighborhood walking club across several blocks, or a sport league in a parks and recreation department in an entire town or city, the most important first step in developing such programs is always to know the
target audience
In the United States it has been estimated that 54 million children and adolescents attend public and private elementary and secondary schools, where they spend approximately 6.5 hours per day for an average of _____ days per year.
180
In a physical activity promotion program, a good rule is to budget ____% of the total budget for evaluation work.
10
The Community Guide has summarized studies of the effectiveness of school PE at increasing physical activity and has reported that increases in the time spent in vigorous- or moderate-intensity physical activity in PE can increase an average of _____%.
10
Although these outcomes are not entirely comparable, the general interpretation of the science base is that the physical and built environment can improve levels of physical activity (regardless of how it is measured) an average of more than _____%.
160
What are simple strategies for increasing access?
Allowing only soccer players to use the city park soccer field
Strategies for community and urban design that influence enhancements to the physical and built environment of urban areas of several square miles connecting transportation arteries to increase access to physical activity include all but which of the following?
Converting an empty room at the worksite into a gym
Which of the following is not a characteristic of successful antismoking campaigns?
Government funding must be in place
All but which of the following are strategies for including street-scale urban enhancements for pedestrians to increase physical activity?
HOV Lanes on freeways
All but which of the following are effective strategies for increasing access to physical activity at the worksite?
Make employees walk as a part of their normal lunch break
All but which of the following are reasons that have been reported about why mass media campaigns don't seem to work for physical activity promotion.
New methods of social marketing are not effective.
Environmental and policy approaches to physical activity promotion create or enhance opportunities, support, and cues to help people be more physically active. These approaches are often combined with informational outreach activities to enhance their effectiveness.
True
The _____ campaign was the first U.S. national mass media campaign to promote physical activity, and the results were promising in that a large-scale paid media campaign seemed to change physical activity behaviors in some population groups.
VERB
All but which of the following are common reported barriers to being or remaining physically active?
a lack of family
The urgency of physical inactivity as a public health problem is most credibly established with
a solid grounding in the research of a particular problem
Community physical activity plans should include all of the following except
a staffing plan
What is the first imperative in public health planning as exemplified by the state physical activity plan in Texas?
active texas 2020
The information in the Community Guide provides support for all but which of the following activities related to public health?
administration
According to the Guide to Community Preventive Services Task Force (Community Guide) _____ programs have shown an average 35% increase in physical activity behavior (pretest to posttest measures).
individually adapted health behavior change
Logic models describe and define the relationships among resources, the target population, short-term and long-term effects, and the ultimate desired outcomes.
true
All but which of the following are popular behavior theories and theoretical models that have been used to explain and predict the physical activity behavior of individuals?
physical activity model
The first step to effective public health advocacy is
to establish the urgency of the problem in a way that decision makers and other advocates can understand in formative evaluation
Creative persuasive communication tactics that keep an issue prominent in the media may be necessary in physical activity advocacy because
translating and communicating the urgency to decision makers may not be sufficient
The _____ presents a behavioral continuum and addresses the stages of motivational readiness for change.
transtheoretical model
Clearly defined, agreed-upon, and communicated goals are critical to minimizing miscommunication and differential expectations among partners.
true
Examples of urban design for physical activity are landscape design in municipal parks, street design for pedestrian safety, and recreation center design and placement within a community.
true
Factors outside of the control of program staff and participants can negatively affect any step of a physical activity promotion program along the logic model.
true
Informational approaches to increasing physical activity cannot be designed to increase leisure, occupation, transportation, or at-home physical activities.
true
Social support is a broad concept but generally refers to any strategy for developing or strengthening the social environment to encourage (or overcome barriers to) physical activity, and the Task Force from the Community Guide has categorized these approaches as having insufficient evidence for effectiveness.
true
Stakeholders are people and organizations with direct or indirect interests in the project.
true
Successful partnerships most often are those with a clear organizational structure.
true
The available scientific evidence does not support the use of classroom health education as a method of increasing physical activity behaviors, and the Community Guide has concluded that there is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of classroom-based health education programs.
true
The maintenance stage of the transtheoretical model is one in which a person has been consistently active for at least six months.
true
The opportunity for increased bone mass in girls and boys occurs in puberty and premenarche.
true
The precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model is one in which a person is not even thinking of being or becoming physically active.
true
There is growing evidence that participation in school-based physical activities like PE not only do not hurt academic scores, but may actually improve them.
true
Via the Community Guide, once all of the studies in a particular area are assessed, the Task Force recommendations about specific physical activity programs are categorized into the following three broad groupings: recommended, recommended against, and insufficient evidence.
true
