Physical Science Chapter 4 Study Guide

If an atom has a mass number of 21 and an atomic number of 10, then it has _____ neutrons.

11

If 2 grams of element X combine with 4 grams of element Y to form compound XY, how many grams of element Y would combine with 7 grams of X to form the same compound?

14 grams

If 2 grams of element X combine with 4 grams of element Y to form compound XY, how many grams of element Y would combine with 14 grams of X to form the same compound?

28 grams

If an atom has 15 protons and 20 neutrons, its mass number is _____.

35

If an atom has 5 protons and 6 neutrons, its atomic number is _____.

5

Which statement accurately represents the arrangement of electrons in Bohr's atomic model? A. Electrons vibrate in fixed locations around the nucleus B. Electrons travel around the nucleus in fixed energy levels with energies that. vary from level to level. C. Electrons travel around the nucleus in fixed energy levels with equal amounts of energy. D. Electrons travel randomly in the relatively large space outside the nucleus.

B. Electrons travel around the nucleus in fixed energy levels with energies that. vary from level to level.

Which of the following is NOT part of John Dalton's atomic theory? A. All elements are composed of atoms. B. All atoms of the same element have the same mass. C. Atoms contain subatomic particles. D. A compound contains atoms of more than one element.

C. Atoms contain subatomic particles.

Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18? A. They do not have the same number of protons. B. Their atoms have an identical mass. C. They are isotopes of oxygen D. The have the same mass number

C. They are isotopes of oxygen

Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18? A. They do not have the same number of protons. B. Their atoms have an identical mass. C. They are isotopes of oxygen. D. The have the same mass number.

C. They are isotopes of oxygen.

Which of the following is unique for any given element? A. the number of neutrons B. the charge on the electrons C. the number of protons D. the mass of a neutron

C. the number of protons

Which statement about subatomic particles is true? A. Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same mass. B. Unlike protons or neutrons, electrons have no mass C. Neutrons have no charge and no mass. D. An electron has far less mass than either a proton or neutron

D. An electron has far less mass than either a proton or neutron

Which statement about subatomic particles is NOT true? A. Protons and neutrons have almost the same mass. B. Protons and electrons have opposite charges. C. Unlike protons and electrons, neutrons have no charge. D. Protons and neutrons have the same charge.

D. Protons and neutrons have the same charge.

Suppose an atom has a mass number of 23. Which statement is true beyond any doubt? A. The atom has an odd number of neutrons. B. The atomic number is less than 11. C. The atom is not an isotope. D. The number of protons in the nucleus does not equal the number of neutrons.

D. The number of protons in the nucleus does not equal the number of neutrons.

Which of the following provides the best analogy for an electron in an atomic orbital? A. a bee moving from flower to flower in a garden B. a bird resting on a tree branch C. an ant crawling on the surface of a leaf D. a bee trying to escape from a closed jar

D. a bee trying to escape from a closed jar

The diagram in Figure 4-1 shows the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment. What caused some of the alpha particles to bounce straight back from the gold foil? A. electrons in the gold atoms B. negative charges in the gold atoms C. other alpha particles D. nuclei in the gold atoms

D. nuclei in the gold atoms

How was Bohr's atomic model similar to Rutherford's model?

It described a nucleus surrounded by a large volume of space.

Which statement best describes Rutherford's model of the atom?

It is like a huge stadium with a positively charged marble at the center.

Which statement about subatomic particles is NOT true? A. Protons and neutrons have almost the same mass B. Protons and electrons have opposite charges. C. Unlike protons and electrons, neutrons have no charge. D. Protons and neutrons have the same charge.

Protons and neutrons have the same charge.

Who provided evidence for the existence of a nucleus in an atom?

Rutherford

What is the difference between an atom in the ground state and an atom in an excited state?

The atom in an excited state has more energy and is less stable than the atom in the ground state.

Suppose an atom has a mass number of 17. Which statement is true beyond any doubt?

The number of protons in the nucleus does not equal the number of neutrons.

The Greek philosopher Democritus coined what word for a tiny piece of matter that cannot be divided?

atom

The number of protons in one atom of an element is that element's...

atomic number

To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract

atomic number from mass number.

To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract?

atomic number from mass number.

The number of protons in one atom of an element is that element's

atomic number.

The moving blades of an airplane propeller provide an analogy for the electron________ model.

cloud.

In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is

concentrated in the center of an atom.

In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is...

concentrated in the center of an atom.

The ______ has the smallest mass of the three subatomic particles.

electron

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

electron

In Bohr's model of the atom, __________ move in fixed orbits around the nucleus.

electrons

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

electrons

In Bohr's model of the atom, _________ move in fixed orbits around the nucleus.

electrons.

John Dalton concluded that all the atoms of a single ________ have the same mass.

element

An atom in which an electron has moved to a higher energy level is in a(an) ______ state.

excited

When all the electrons in an atom are in orbitals with the lowest possible energy, the atom is in its ________ state.

ground

In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move

like planets orbiting the sun.

The ________ number of an isotope is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

mass

The glowing of a neon light is caused by electrons emitting energy as they

move from higher to lower energy levels.

The glowing of a neon light is caused by electrons emitting energy as they...

move from higher to lower energy levels.

The subatomic particle that J. J. Thomson discovered has a(an) _______ charge.

negative

Protons and ________ are found in the nucleus of the atom.

neutrons

Protons and _________ are found in the nucleus of an atom.

neutrons

In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, shown in Figure 4-1, alpha particles that bounce straight back from the foil have struck_______ in the gold atoms.

nuclei

The results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment demonstrated that the ______ cloud occupies a very small amount of the total space inside an atom

nucleus

If element Q has 11 protons, its atomic ________ is 11.

number

If element Q has 11 protons, its atomic______ is 11.

number

The region in which an electron is most likely to be found is called a(an) _______.

orbital.

Unlike Democritus, Aristotle did not believe that matter was composed of tiny, indivisible_________

particles

Rutherford concluded that all the _____ charge in an atom was contained in the nucleus.

positive

What do scientists use to predict the locations of electrons in atoms?

probability

Neutrons and ________ have almost the same mass.

protons

Neutrons and __________ have almost the same mass.

protons

J.J. Thompson's experiments proved that atoms contained _____ particles.

smaller

Democritus thought that matter was made of tiny particles...

that could not be divided

What can you assume has happened if an electron moves to a higher energy level?

the electron has gained energy

What does the electron cloud model describe?

the most likely locations of electrons in atoms.

According to John Dalton's observations, when elements combine in a compound,

the ratio of their masses is always the same

According to John Dalton's observations, when elements combine in a compound,

the ratio of their masses is always the same.

Which statement is true about Carbon-12 and Carbon-14?

they are isotopes of carbon

The word "atom" comes from the Greek word that means _____.

uncut