Physics 2, Part 5, Chapter 25, 26, and 27

- "Particles" of light are called... - Each photon has a particular ..., given by what equation? What does each term represent? What does the equation explain about light?

- "Particles" of light are called photons. - Each photon has a particular energy. given by E = h ƒ • h= Planck's constant, 6.63 x 10-34 J s • f=frequency The equation explains both natures of light interacting like a particle and having a frequency like a wave

A convex mirror is sometimes called a... For convex mirrors, The rays from any point on the object...after reflection as though they were coming from some point...the mirror. The image is...because it lies behind the mirror at the point where the reflected rays appear to originate. In general, the image formed by a convex mirror is...,..., and...than the object.

- A convex mirror is sometimes called a diverging mirror - For convex mirrors, the rays from any point on the object diverge after reflection as though they were coming from some point behind the mirror - The image is virtual because it lies behind the mirror at the point where the reflected rays appear to originate - In general, the image formed by a convex mirror is upright, virtual, and smaller than the object

A prism spectrometer uses a prism to cause the...to separate. The instrument is commonly used to?

- A prism spectrometer uses a prism to cause the wavelengths to separate - The instrument is commonly used to study wavelengths emitted by a light source

How does a rainbow form? Violet light will deviate the... Red light will deviate the...

- A rainbow forms when a ray of light strikes a drop of water in the atmosphere. It then undergoes both reflection and refraction. First, refraction at the front of the drop, then at the back surface the light is reflected. It is refracted again as it returns to the front surface and moves into the air. The rays leave the drop at various angles. The angle between the white light and the violet ray is 40° The angle between the white light and the red ray is 42° - Violet light will deviate the most - Red light will deviate the least

What does a thin lens consist of? They are ground so that each of its two refracting surfaces is a..of either a...or a.... What are lenses commonly used for?

- A thin lens consists of a piece of glass or plastic, ground so that each of its two refracting surfaces is a segment of either a sphere or a plane - Lenses are commonly used to form images by refraction in optical instruments

A wave front is a surface passing through points of a wave that have the same...and... The rays, corresponding to the direction of the wave motion, are...to the wave fronts.

- A wave front is a surface passing through points of a wave that have the same phase and amplitude - The rays, corresponding to the direction of the wave motion, are perpendicular to the wave fronts

All hot, low pressure gases emit...spectra The particular wavelengths emitted by a gas serve as...of that gas. Some uses of spectral analysis are?

- All hot, low pressure gases emit their own characteristic spectra - The particular wavelengths emitted by a gas serve as "fingerprints" of that gas - Some uses of spectral analysis are: Identification of molecules Identification of elements in distant stars Identification of minerals

As light travels from one medium to another, how does it's frequency change? Both the wave speed and the wavelength...changed The wavefronts...pile up, nor are created or destroyed at the boundary, so ƒ must...

- As light travels from one medium to another, its frequency does not change - Both the wave speed and the wavelength are changed - The wavefronts do not pile up, nor are created or destroyed at the boundary, so ƒ must stay the same

Chromatic Aberrations, result from...wavelengths of light refracted by a lens focus at...points. Violet rays are....more than red rays. The focal length for red light is...than the focal length for violet light. Chromatic aberration can be minimized by the use of a combination of...and...lenses.

- Chromatic Aberrations, result from different wavelengths of light refracted by a lens focus at different points - Violet rays are refracted more than red rays - The focal length for red light is greater than the focal length for violet light - Chromatic aberration can be minimized by the use of a combination of converging and diverging lenses.

Eyes can sense? Processing of visual nerve impulses begins with interconnections in the...and continues in the... What does the optic nerve do?

- Eyes can sense direction, movement, sophisticated colors, and distance - Processing of visual nerve impulses begins with interconnections in the retina and continues in the brain - The optic nerve conveys signals received by the eye to the brain

For a concave mirror, if an object is very far away, then p=... and 1/p =... Incoming rays are essentially... In this special case, the image point is called the... The distance from the mirror to the focal point is called the... The focal length is...the radius of curvature.

- For a concave mirror, if an object is very far away, then p=infinitee and 1/p = 0 - Incoming rays are essentially parallel - In this special case, the image point is called the focal point - The distance from the mirror to the focal point is called the focal length - The focal length is ½ the radius of curvature

For a concave mirror, rays are generally assumed to make...angles with the mirror. When the rays make...angles, they may converge to points other than the image point, which results in a blurred image. This effect is called... In other words...

- For a concave mirror, rays are generally assumed to make small angles with the mirror. When the rays make large angles, they may converge to points other than the image point. This results in a blurred image. This effect is called spherical aberration - In other words spherical aberrations occur because reflected rays intersect at different points on the principal axis

For atmospheric Refraction and Sun's Position, light rays from the sun are...as they pass into the atmosphere. It is a gradual bend because? Each layer has a slightly different...Therefore, the Sun is seen to be above the horizon even after it has fallen below it.

- For atmospheric Refraction and Sun's Position, light rays from the sun are bent as they pass into the atmosphere - It is a gradual bend because the light passes through layers of the atmosphere - Each layer has a slightly different index of refraction. Therefore, the Sun is seen to be above the horizon even after it has fallen below it

For images formed by refraction, rays originate from the object point,..., and pass through the image point,... When n2 > n1, what are the equations for image distance(di), object distance(do), and magnification? Real images are formed on the side...from the object

- For images formed by refraction, rays originate from the object point, O, and pass through the image point, I - When n2 > n1, n1/p(do) + n2/q(di)= (n2-n1)/R M= h'/h= -n1q(di)/n2p(do) - Real images are formed on the side opposite from the object

For the combination of thin lens, if the image formed by the first lens lies on the back side of the second lens, then the image is treated as a...object for the second lens, so p(do) will be... The overall magnification is the...of the magnification of the separate lenses. It is also possible to combine thin lenses and mirrors.

- For the combination of thin lens, if the image formed by the first lens lies on the back side of the second lens, then the image is treated as a virtual object for the second lens, so p(do) will be negative - The overall magnification is the product of the magnification of the separate lenses. It is also possible to combine thin lenses and mirrors

For the combination of thin lens, the image produced by the first lens is calculated as though the second lens were... The light then approaches the second lens as if it had come from the image of the..lens. The image formed by the first lens is treated as the object for the...lens. The image formed by the second lens is the...image of the system.

- For the combination of thin lens, the image produced by the first lens is calculated as though the second lens were not present - The light then approaches the second lens as if it had come from the image of the first lens - The image formed by the first lens is treated as the object for the second lens - The image formed by the second lens is the final image of the system

For thin lenses, the first ray is drawn...to the first principle axis and then passes through (or appears to come from) one of the... The second ray is drawn through the...of the lens and continues in a...line The third ray is drawn from the...and emerges from the lens...to the principle axis. There are an...number of rays, these are convenient

- For thin lenses, the first ray is drawn parallel to the first principle axis and then passes through (or appears to come from) one of the focal lengths - The second ray is drawn through the center of the lens and continues in a straight line - The third ray is drawn from the other focal point and emerges from the lens parallel to the principle axis - There are an infinite number of rays, these are convenient

Huygen assumed that light is a? Huygen's Principle is a...construction for determining? All points on a given wave front are taken as point sources for the production of spherical secondary waves, called..., which propagate in the...direction with speeds....of waves in that medium. After some time has elapsed, the new position of the wave front is the?

- Huygen assumed that light is a form of wave motion rather than a stream of particles - Huygen's Principle is a geometric construction for determining the position of a new wave at some point based on the knowledge of the wave front that preceded it - All points on a given wave front are taken as point sources for the production of spherical secondary waves, called wavelets, which propagate in the forward direction with speeds characteristic of waves in that medium - After some time has elapsed, the new position of the wave front is the surface tangent to the wavelets

In a rainbow, if a raindrop high in the sky is observed, the...ray is seen. A drop lower in the sky would direct...light to the observer. The other colors of the spectra lie...the red and the violet.

- In a rainbow, if a raindrop high in the sky is observed, the red ray is seen - A drop lower in the sky would direct violet light to the observer - The other colors of the spectra lie in between the red and the violet

In a ray diagram, ray 1 is drawn? Ray 2 is drawn? Ray 3 is drawn?

- In a ray diagram, ray 1 is drawn parallel to the principle axis and is reflected back through the focal point, F - Ray 2 is drawn through the focal point and is reflected parallel to the principle axis - Ray 3 is drawn through the center of curvature and is reflected back on itself

In the refraction of light, light may move from a material where its speed is...to a material where is speed is... The angle of refraction is...than the angle of incidence. The ray bends...the normal.

- In the refraction of light, light may move from a material where its speed is high to a material where is speed is lower - The angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence. The ray bends toward the normal

In the refraction of light, light may move from a material where its speed is...to a material where is speed is... The angle of refraction is...than the angle of incidence. The ray bends...from the normal

- In the refraction of light, light may move from a material where its speed is low to a material where is speed is higher - The angle of refraction is greater than the angle of incidence. The ray bends away from the normal

- It was proposed that light consisted of... - Newton used this particle model to explain... - Huygens in ...: Explained many properties of light by proposing light was ...-like - Young in...: Strong support for wave theory by showing... - Maxwell in...: Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of... - Einstein explained the...nature of light, explained the...effect, and used...ideas

- It was proposed that light consisted of tiny particles - Newton used this particle model to explain reflection and refraction - Huygens 1678: Explained many properties of light by proposing light was wave-like - Young 1801: Strong support for wave theory by showing interference - Maxwell 1865: Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light - Einstein explained the particle nature of light, explained the photoelectric effect, and used Planck's ideas

Like mirrors, the focal length, ƒ, of thin lenses is the? A thin lens has # focal points, corresponding to...rays from the left and from the right. A thin lens is one in which the distance between the surface of the lens and the center of the lens is...

- Like mirrors, the focal length, ƒ, is the image distance that corresponds to an infinite object distance. A thin lens has two focal points, corresponding to parallel rays from the left and from the right. - A thin lens is one in which the distance between the surface of the lens and the center of the lens is negligible

Ray Diagram for Concave Mirror, p(do) > R. The object is...the center of curvature of the mirror. The image is real or virtual? The image is inverted or upright? The image is smaller or larger than the object?

- Ray Diagram for Concave Mirror, p > R. The object is outside the center of curvature of the mirror - The image is real - The image is inverted - The image is smaller than the object

Ray Diagram for a Concave Mirror, p(do) < f. The object is...the mirror and the focal point. The image is real or virtual? The image is inverted or upright? The image is smaller or larger than the object?

- Ray Diagram for a Concave Mirror, p(do) < f. The object is between the mirror and the focal point` - The image is virtual - The image is upright - The image is larger than the object

Ray Diagram for a convex mirror, the object is in front of a convex mirror. The image is real or virtual? The image is inverted or upright? The image is smaller or larger than the object?

- Ray Diagram for a Concave Mirror, the object is in front of a convex mirror - The image is virtual - The image is upright - The image is smaller than the object

Spherical Aberrations, result from the focal points of light rays...from the principle axis are...from the focal points of rays passing near the axis. For a mirror,...shapes can be used to correct for spherical aberration. In other words, spherical aberrations are caused by?

- Spherical Aberrations, result from the focal points of light rays far from the principle axis are different from the focal points of rays passing near the axis. For a mirror, parabolic shapes can be used to correct for spherical aberration - In other words, spherical aberrations are caused by refracted rays intersecting and different points on the principal axis

The amount the ray is bent away from its original direction is called the angle of..., δ Since all the colors have different angles of deviation, they will spread out into a... ...deviates the most. ...deviates the least.

- The amount the ray is bent away from its original direction is called the angle of deviation, δ - Since all the colors have different angles of deviation, they will spread out into a spectrum - Violet deviates the most - Red deviates the least

The angle of refraction depends upon the...and... The path of the light through the refracting surface is...what equation demonstrates this?

- The angle of refraction depends upon the material and the angle of incidence - The path of the light through the refracting surface is reversible, which is demonstrated by: sinθ1/sinθ2=v2/v1=constant

The equations can be used for both...and...lenses A converging lens has a...focal length A diverging lens has a...focal length

- The equations can be used for both converging and diverging lenses - A converging lens has a positive focal length - A diverging lens has a negative focal length

The equations for convex mirrors are the same as for...mirrors. A positive sign is used where the light is In...of the mirror A negative sign is used...the mirror. The...side. Where the...images are formed

- The equations for convex mirrors are the same as for concave mirrors - A positive sign is used where the light is In front (the front side) of the mirror - A negative sign is used behind the mirror. The back side. Where virtual images are formed

Ray Diagram for Diverging Lens When the object is anywhere in front a diverging lens, the image is real or virtual? The image is inverted or upright? The image is on the front or backside of the lens?

- The image is virtual - The image is upright - The image is on the front side of the lens

The index of refraction for a material usually...with increasing wavelength. Violet light refracts...than red light when passing from air into a material.

- The index of refraction for a material usually decreases with increasing wavelength - Violet light refracts more than red light when passing from air into a material

The index of refraction in anything except a vacuum depends on the...of the light. This dependence of n on..is called.... Snell's Law indicates that the angle of refraction made when light enters a material depends on the...of the light.

- The index of refraction in anything except a vacuum depends on the wavelength of the light. This dependence of n on λ is called dispersion - Snell's Law indicates that the angle of refraction made when light enters a material depends on the wavelength of the light

What is the object distance? What is it denoted by? What is the image distance? What is it denoted by? Where is the image formed? What is the lateral magnification of the mirror or lens? What is it denoted by?

- The object distance is the distance from the object to the mirror or lens, which is denoted by p(do) - The image distance is the distance from the image to the mirror or lens, which is denoted by q(di) - Images are formed at the point where rays actually intersect or appear to originate - The lateral magnification of the mirror or lens is the ratio of the image height to the object height. Denoted by M

- The processes of reflection and refraction can occur when? - In reflection, part of the light...the second medium. - In refraction, the light passing into the second medium...Often, both processes occur at the...time

- The processes of reflection and refraction can occur when light traveling in one medium encounters a boundary leading to a second medium - In reflection, part of the light bounces off the second medium - In refraction, the light passing into the second medium bends. Often, both processes occur at the same time

The ray approximation is used to represent... A ray of light is an imaginary line drawn along the direction of...

- The ray approximation is used to represent beams of light - A ray of light is an imaginary line drawn along the direction of travel of the light beams

When light passes from one medium to another, it is...because? The index of refraction, n, of a medium can be defined as:

- When light passes from one medium to another, it is refracted because the speed of light is different in the two media - The index of refraction, n, of a medium can be defined as: speed of light in a vacuum/speed of light in a medium OR n=c/v

With a concave mirror, the image may be either...or...When the object is...the focal point, the image is real. When the object is...the focal point, the image is infinitely far away. When the object is between the mirror and the focal point, the image is real or virtual?

- With a concave mirror, the image may be either real or virtual. When the object is outside the focal point, the image is real. When the object is at the focal point, the image is infinitely far away - When the object is between the mirror and the focal point, the image is virtual

With a convex mirror, the image is always...and... As the object distance increases, the virtual image gets...

- With a convex mirror, the image is always virtual and upright - As the object distance increases, the virtual image gets smaller

A ray diagram can be used to determine? What are ray diagrams?

A ray diagram can be used to determine the position and size of an image. They can also be used to check the parameters calculated from the mirror and magnification equations. They are graphical constructions which tell the overall nature of the image

What is an example of the materials used, and application of internal reflection?

An application of internal reflection is fiber optics with a plastic or glass rods, which are used to "pipe" light from one place to another Applications include Medical use of fiber optic cables for diagnosis and correction of medical problems and telecommunications

What is an example of a convex mirror?

An example of a convex mirror is a passenger side mirror on a car, or the fish eye mirror at a store

What is an example of the images formed on a flat mirror?

An example of the images formed on a flat mirror is an auto dimming mirror, where for the daytime setting, the bright beam of reflected light is directed into the driver's eyes, and with the nighttime setting, the dim beam of reflected light is directed into the driver's eyes, while the bright beam goes elsewhere

Classical electromagnetic wave theory provides explanations of light...and...

Classical electromagnetic wave theory provides explanations of light propagation and interference

What is the solid with the highest index of refraction? What is its' index of refraction?

Diamonds are the solid with the highest indicex of refraction at 2.419

What is diffuse reflection(type of light reflection)? In diffuse reflection, the reflected rays travel in a...of directions. Diffuse reflection makes the dry road...to see at night.

Diffuse reflection(type of light reflection) is reflection from a rough surface.In diffuse reflection, the reflected rays travel in a variety of directions. Diffuse reflection makes the dry road easy to see at night

Experiments involving the interaction of light with matter are best explained by assuming light is a...

Experiments involving the interaction of light with matter are best explained by assuming light is a particle

Following the Reflected and Refracted Rays (SEE CHAPTER 25 PART 1, PAGE 3, SLIDE 3), be able to draw this!!

Following the Reflected and Refracted Rays (SEE CHAPTER 25 PART 1, PAGE 3, SLIDE 3), be able to draw this!!

For a concave mirror, a point source of light is placed at...Rays are drawn from O. After reflecting from the mirror, the rays...at point I. Point I is called the...Light actually passes through the point so the image is real or virtual?

For a concave mirror, a point source of light is placed at O. Rays are drawn from O. After reflecting from the mirror, the rays converge at point I. Point I is called the Image point. Light actually passes through the point so the image is real

For a flat mirror, properties of the image can be determined by... (SEE CHAPTER 25 PART 2, PAGE 1, SLIDE 5)

For a flat mirror, properties of the image can be determined by geometry (SEE CHAPTER 25 PART 2, PAGE 1, SLIDE 5)

For a flat mirror, the image is as...behind the mirror as the object is in front. p =..., so the image is...Also, the image height is...the object height, so h' = h and M = 1

For a flat mirror, the image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front. p = |q|, so the image is unmagnified. Also, the image height is the same as the object height, so h' = h and M = 1

For a flat mirror, the image is real or virtual? The image is upright or inverted? Meaning...It has the same orientation as the object. Also, there is an apparent...of the image

For a flat mirror, the image is virtual.The image is upright. It has the same orientation as the object., Also, there is an apparent left-right reversal in the image

For a flat refracting surface, the image formed is on the ...side of the surface as the object. The image is virtual or real? The image forms...the object and the surface. The rays bend...from the normal since n1 > n2

For a flat refracting surface, the image formed is on the same side of the surface as the object. The image is virtual The image forms between the object and the surface. The rays bend away from the normal since n1 > n2

For the critical angle: For angles of incidence greater than the critical angle, the beam is...at the boundary. This ray obeys the Law of...at the boundary. ...occurs only when light is incident on the boundary of a medium having a lower index of refraction than the medium in which it is traveling.

For the critical angle: - For angles of incidence greater than the critical angle, the beam is entirely reflected at the boundary. This ray obeys the Law of Reflection at the boundary - Total internal reflection occurs only when light is incident on the boundary of a medium having a lower index of refraction than the medium in which it is traveling

For the focal length of converging lenses, the parallel rays pass through the lens and...at the focal point. The parallel rays can come from the...or the...of the lens.

For the focal Length of converging lenses, the parallel rays pass through the lens and converge at the focal point. The parallel rays can come from the left or right of the lens

For the focal length of a lens, the focal length is related to the...of its front and back surfaces and the...of the material. What is the lens-maker's equation?

For the focal length of a lens, the focal length is related to the curvature of its front and back surfaces and the index of refraction of the material. The lens-maker's equation is: 1/f=(n-1)((1/R1)-(1/R2))

For the focal length of diverging lenses, the parallel rays...after passing through the diverging lens and... Also, the focal point is the point where the rays...

For the focal length of diverging lenses, the parallel rays diverge after passing through the diverging lens. Also, the focal point is the point where the rays appear to have originated

For the index of refraction: In a vacuum, n = ? In other media, n ... 1 n is a...ratio As the value of n increases, the speed of the wave...

For the index of refraction: - In a vacuum, n = 1 - In other media, n > 1 - n is a unitless ratio - As the value of n increases, the speed of the wave decreases

For the index of refraction: The frequency stays the...as the wave travels from one medium to the other, which is proven by the equation... The ratio of the indices of refraction of the two media can be expressed as...ratios.

For the index of refraction: - The frequency stays the same as the wave travels from one medium to the other, which is proven by the equation v = ƒ λ - The ratio of the indices of refraction of the two media can be expressed as various ratios

Images can be formed by....from mirrors, and images can be formed by...through lenses

Images can be formed by reflection from mirrors. Images can be formed by refraction through lenses

In Huygen's construction for a plane wave: At t = 0, the wave front is indicated by the plane... The points are representative sources for the... After the wavelets have moved a distance cΔt, a...BB' can be drawn tangent to the wavefronts.

In Huygen's construction for a plane wave: At t = 0, the wave front is indicated by the plane AA'. The points are representative sources for the wavelets. After the wavelets have moved a distance cΔt, a new plane BB' can be drawn tangent to the wavefronts

In mirror reflection(type of light reflection), the normal is a line..to the surface. It is at the point where the incident ray...The incident ray makes an angle of θ1 with the normal. The reflected ray makes an angle of θ1' with the normal, which are...to one another, meaning?

In mirror reflection(type of light reflection), the normal is a line perpendicular to the surface.It is at the point where the incident ray strikes the surface The incident ray makes an angle of θ1 with the normal, and the reflected ray makes an angle of θ1' with the normal, which are equal to one another, meaning the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence

In some experiments light acts as a...and in others it acts as a...

In some experiments light acts as a wave and in others it acts as a particle

In the reflection of light: A ray of light, the incident ray, travels in a...when it encounters a boundary with a second medium, part of the incident ray is...into the first medium, this means it is directed...into the first medium

In the reflection of light: A ray of light, the incident ray, travels in a medium, when it encounters a boundary with a second medium, part of the incident ray is reflected back into the first medium, this means it is directed backward into the first medium

In the refraction of light, the incident ray, the reflected ray, the refracted ray, and the normal all lie on the...plane. The angle of refraction, θ2, depends on the... (SEE CHAPTER 25 PART 1, PAGE 3, SLIDE 2)

In the refraction of light, the incident ray, the reflected ray, the refracted ray, and the normal all lie on the same plane. The angle of refraction, θ2, depends on the properties of the medium (SEE CHAPTER 25 PART 1, PAGE 3, SLIDE 2)

Light has a dual nature,...and...

Light has a dual nature, particle and wave

Light has a number of physical properties, some associated with...and others associated with...

Light has a number of physical properties, some associated with waves and others with particles

Light travels in a...path in a homogeneous medium until?

Light travels in a straight-line path in a homogeneous medium until it encounters a boundary between two different media

For thin lenses, what is the equation for the image distance(di), object distance(do), and magnification? This is the same as?

Magnification: -h'/h=-p(do)/q(di) Lens equation: 1/p+1/q=2/r This is the same as for mirrors

For a concave mirror, what is the equation for the magnification of the image? What is the mirror equation?

Magnification: -h'/h=-p(do)/q(di) Mirror equation: 1/p+1/q=2/r

One of the basic problems of systems containing mirrors and lenses is the? Largely the result of? This causes two types of...called...

One of the basic problems of systems containing mirrors and lenses is the imperfect quality of the images. Largely the result of defects in shape and form. This causes two common types of aberrations called spherical aberrations and chromatic aberrations

Ray Diagram for Converging Lens, p(do) < f When the object is...the focal point and a converging lens The image is real or virtual? The image is inverted or upright? The image is on the front or backside of the lens?

Ray Diagram for Converging Lens, p(do) < f - When the object is between the focal point and a converging lens - The image is virtual - The image is upright - The image is on the front side of the lens

Ray Diagram for Converging Lens, p(do) > f The image is in...of and...the focal point of a converging lens. The image is real or virtual? The image is inverted or upright? The image is on the front or backside of the lens?

Ray Diagram for Converging Lens, p(do) > f - The image is in front of and outside the focal point of a converging lens - The image is real - The image is inverted - The image is on the back side of the lens

Real images are formed at the point the rays of light...Where can real images be displayed?

Real images are formed at the point the rays of light actually intersect. Real images can be displayed on screens

What is refraction? What happens to the rays going from one medium to another? The ray that enters the second medium is...at the boundary.

Refraction is when a ray of light traveling through a transparent medium encounters a boundary leading into another transparent medium, part of the ray is reflected and part of the ray enters the second medium. The ray that enters the second medium is bent at the boundary. This bending of the ray is called refraction

What is specular reflection(type of light reflection)? In specular reflection, the reflected rays are...to each other. All reflection in this text is assumed to be... (SEE CHAPTER 25 PART 1, PAGE 2, SLIDE 3)

Specular reflection(type of light reflection) is reflection from a smooth surface. In specular reflection, the reflected rays are parallel to each other. All reflection in this text is assumed to be specular (SEE CHAPTER 25 PART 1, PAGE 2, SLIDE 3)

Summary of thin lens, the point of intersection of any two of these rays can be used to locate the... The third ray serves as a... The values of p(do) and q(di) are...where the light is. For real objects, the light originates with the object in...of the lens, so p(do) is positive If the image is in back of the lens, then q is...

Summary of thin lens: - The point of intersection of any two of these rays can be used to locate the image - The third ray serves as a check - The values of p(do) and q(di) are positive where the light is - For real objects, the light originates with the object in front of the lens, so p is positive - If the image is in back of the lens, q is positive

The angle of incidence producing an angle of refraction equal to 90° is called the..., all the energy of this incident light is... For this to occur n1 ˂,˃,=?? n2 What equation shows this?

The angle of incidence producing an angle of refraction equal to 90° is called the critical angle, all the energy of the incident light is reflected For this to occur n1 ˃ n2 sinθ=n2/n1

The...and...of an eye act as a single thin lens to form a...image on the light-sensing..., which has its densest concentration of receptors in the...and a blind spot over the...

The cornea and lens of an eye act as a single thin lens to form a real image on the light-sensing retina, which has its densest concentration of receptors in the fovea and a blind spot over the optic nerve

The development of mirrors and lenses led to the invention of...and...

The development of mirrors and lenses led to the invention of microscopes and telescopes.

The focal point is dependent solely on the...of the mirror, not by the...f = R / 2 The mirror equation can be expressed as:

The focal point is dependent solely on the curvature of the mirror, not by the location of the object f = R / 2 The mirror equation can be expressed as: 1/p(do)+1/q(di)=1/f

The image distance is..., so power of the lens of an eye is...to provide an image on the...for varying object distances.

The image distance is fixed, so power of the lens of an eye is adjustable to provide an image on the retina for varying object distances

The lateral magnification is defined as: Magnification doesn't always mean...magnification can also mean the image can be...than the object.

The lateral magnification is defined as: M=image height/object height= h'/h Magnification doesn't always mean enlargement. The image can be smaller than the object

For a concave mirror, the mirror has a radius of curvature of...Its center of curvature is the point...Point V is the? A line drawn from C to V is called the principle axis of the mirror. (SEE CHAPTER 25 PART 2, PAGE 2, SLIDE 4)

The mirror has a radius of curvature of R. Its center of curvature is the point C. Point V is the center of the spherical segment. A line drawn from C to V is called the principle axis of the mirror (SEE CHAPTER 25 PART 2, PAGE 2, SLIDE 4)

The...of the eye along with chemical adaptation allows the eye to detect light intensities from the lowest observable to 10^10 times greater (without damage)

The pupil of the eye along with chemical adaptation allows the eye to detect light intensities from the lowest observable to 10^10 times greater (without damage)

What shape does a concave mirror have?

The shape of a concave spherical mirror has the silvered surface of the mirror on the inner, or concave, side of the curve

What shape does a convex mirror have?

The shape of a convex spherical mirror has the silvered surface of the mirror on the outer, or convex, side of the curve

What shape does a spherical mirror have?

The shape of a spherical mirror is the segment of a sphere

What shape types of thin lenses are converging lenses? They have...focal lengths, and they are thickest in the...

The shape types of thin lenses that are converging lenses are biconvex, convex-concave, plano-convex. They have positive focal lengths, and they are thickest in the middle

What shape types of thin lenses are diverging lenses? They have...focal lengths, and they are thickest in the...

The shape types of thin lenses that are diverging lenses are biconcave, convex-concave, plano-concave. They have negative focal lengths, and they are thickest at the edges

What are the types of images?

The types of images are real and virtual images

What are the types of light reflection?

The types of light reflection are specular, diffuse, and mirror reflection

What are the types of thin lens shapes?

The types of thin lens shapes are biconvex, biconcave, convex-concave, plano-convex, and plano-concave

To find where an image is formed, it is always necessary to follow at least two rays of light as they...from the mirror.

To find where an image is formed, it is always necessary to follow at least two rays of light as they reflect from the mirror

To make the ray diagram, you need to know? How many rays are drawn? All ray diagrams start from? What indicates where the image is? What is the purpose of the third ray?

To make the ray diagram, you need to know the position of the object and the position of the center of curvature. Three rays are drawn. All ray diagrams start from the same position on the object. The intersection of any two of the rays at a point locates the image. The third ray serves as a check of the construction

When can total internal reflection occur? (SEE CHAPTER 25 PART 1, PAGE 7, SLIDE 3)(shown by ray 5)

Total internal reflection can occur when light attempts to move from a medium with a higher index of refraction to one with a lower index of refraction (SEE CHAPTER 25 PART 1, PAGE 7, SLIDE 3)(shown by ray 5)

Virtual images are formed at the point the rays of light..., which is where the light appears to...from that point Where can virtual images be displayed?

Virtual images are formed at the point the rays of light appear to originate, which is where the light appears to diverge from that point. Virtual images cannot be displayed on screens

What is snell's law? What does each term represent?

n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2 • θ1=angle of incidence • θ2=angle of refraction • n1 and n2 are indices of refraction in two adjacent media