Physics atomic structure of matter mastering

Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is 8 times as great .12 times as great .16 times as great .appreciably more than 16 times as great.

.16 times as great

What is the molecular mass of a water molecule? 10 amu 18 amu 12 amu 15 amu none of the above

18 amu

How many atoms are in this carbohydrate molecule, C6H12O6? 24 .3 .14 .18 .none of the above

24

How many shells are represented in the presently known periodic table? 3 1 7 5

7

If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter, the amount of mass to survive is 999 grams. 1 kilogram. 1.1 kilogram. 1 gram.

999 grams

How does a molecule differ from an atom? Give an example. A molecule is composed of two or more atoms bonded together: H2O. A molecule is a mixture of atoms: NaCl. A molecule is made only when two or more of the same elements bond together: H2. A molecule is made when two or more nuclei fuse together.

A molecule is composed of two or more atoms bonded together: H2O.

most abundant element in the universe

Hydrogen

How do matter and antimatter differ? Matter emits light, whereas antimatter absorbs it. Antimatter has negative weight. When matter and antimatter meet, they annihilate in a flash of energy. Matter gravitationally attracts matter and repels antimatter.

When matter and antimatter meet, they annihilate in a flash of energy.

What is meant by the term nucleon? -A quark -An electron -A proton or neutron - Antimatter

a proton or neutron

As the text cites, atoms are incredibly tiny, numerous, perpetually moving, and what else? - New in science - Ageless - Mainly in the air - Migratory

ageless

Which of the following is NOT a compound? air ammonia salt water all are compounds

air

Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were manufactured in ancient stars. the mother's womb .the Earth. the food the mother eats before delivery .none of the above

ancient stars

Which of these investigators did NOT contribute to our knowledge of atoms? Albert Einstein Aristotle John Dalton Robert Brown

aristotle

If an astronaut landed on a planet composed of antimatter, there would be an explosion and the astronaut and an equal amount of planet antimatter would both annihilate .planet would annihilate .astronaut would annihilate.

astronaut and an equal amount of planet antimatter would both annihilate

The periodic table of the elements is a list of __________. ions molecules isotopes atoms

atoms

What is a compound? Cite two examples. The same types of atoms bonded together: H2 and N2 Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2

atoms of diff elemtents w bonds between them ex. NaCl and H20

When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is eleased by the reaction .absorbed by the reaction .not involved.

by the reaction.

Which is the lightest particle? neutron electron proton all about the same

electron

A pair of hydrogen nuclei fused together produces produces carbon. lithium. beryllium. helium .iron.

helium

One neutron added to a helium nucleus results in in beryllium. helium. hydrogen. boron. lithium.

helium

Which of the following is an inert gas? Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon Helium.

helium

The electrical force is stronger between the nucleus and an inner electron for atoms of of high atomic number. low atomic number. both of these neither of these

high atomic numbe

Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. .Mass number is the number of neutrons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom. Mass number is the number of nucleons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom. Mass number is the number of protons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom. Mass number is the number of electrons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom.

mass number is number of nucleons , atomic mass is total mass

Are most of the atoms around us younger or older than the Sun? - Most are younger than the Sun - Most are the same age as the Sun - Most are much younger than the Sun - Most are older than the Sun

most are older

A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are in perpetual motion .not as close together as they could be. mostly empty space themselves .invisible. held together by electrical forces.

mostly empty space themselve

The charge in the nucleus of an antimatter hydrogen atoms is __________. View Available Hint(s) negative neutral, no charge positive exotically different than positives and negatives

negative

To change mercury into gold, a pair of protons must be removed from the mercury nucleus .added to the mercury nucleus. either of these neither of these

neither

Two protons added to an oxygen nucleus produce produce neon .fluorine. nitrogen. heavy oxygen. sodium.

neon

Which of the following are electrically neutral? electrons ions protons neutrons none of the above

neutrons

Which of the following is NOT a mixture granite air cake beach sand none of the above

none of the above - all are

Where did the heaviest elements originate? Nuclear fusion in supernovae Nuclear fusion in stars

nucelar fusion in supernovae

how are most of elements w nuclei heavier than those of hydrogen and helium formed Nuclear fusion in supernovae Nuclear fusion in stars

nuclear fusion in stars

Mass number refers to the number of nucleons in the nucleus. protons in the nucleus. neutrons in the nucleus.

nucleons

What does the atomic number of an element tell you about the element? The number of protons in its nucleus The number of neutrons in its nucleus The number of nucleons in its nucleus The number of electrons in its nucleus

number of PROTONS in nucleus

atomic mass

number on bottom

Although solid matter is mostly empty space, we don't fall through the floor because of nuclear forces .atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero .of electrical forces.of gravitational forces. none of the above

of electrical forces.

How many different kinds of elements are in a water molecule? one two three four none

two

Which of the following elements has the most mass? hydrogen lead iron uranium all have the same mass

uranium

Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus? gold helium carbon iron uranium

uranium

What is a mixture? Cite two examples. Atoms pressed together without bonding: H2O and H2 Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand the same types of atoms bonded together: H2 and N2

atoms pressed together without bonding ex. air and salt and sand

Two protons removed from an oxygen nucleus result in neon. helium. nitrogen. positively charged oxygen. carbon.

carbon

Atomic number refers to the number of neutrons .protons nucleons

protons

The mass of matter is due mostly to its electrons protons. both of these

protons

Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are actually older. newer. the same age.

same age - atoms are ageless

Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by radioactivity. thermonuclear fusion. radiant energy conversion. photosynthesis. none of the above

thermonuclear fusion.

Who advanced the idea of atoms in the early 1800s? a) einstein b) feynman c) brown d) dalton

john dalton

Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? gold silver lead mercury

lead

The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of electron shells that surround the nucleus. orbital electrons. neutrons in the nucleus. none of the above

orbital electrons.

If a nitrogen atom and a slightly heavier oxygen atom have equal average speeds, which has the greater kinetic energy?nitrogen oxygen both the same need more information

oxygen

What causes dust particles and tiny grains of soot to move with Brownian motion? a) Collisions with invisible molecules b) Flowing currents c) Collisions with transparent microorganisms d) The element fire

collisions with invisbile molecles

What kind of attraction pulls electrons close to the atomic nucleus? Nuclear Magnetic Gravitational Electric

electric

Which of the following are negatively charged? -Electrons -Neutrons -Atomic nuclei - Protons

electrons

The element gold contains gold atoms . gold atoms plus various slightly lighter and heavier atoms. atoms that combine to produce gold. none of the above

gold atoms

Which of the following is an element? A supernova Carbon dioxide H2O Hydrogen

hydrogen

What element has the lightest atoms? Positronium Helium Hydrogen Lithium

hydrogen because it has one proton in its nucleus and one outter electron

Where in the atom is most of its mass concentrated and what is it composed of ? - In the electron cloud - In the nucleus as protons and neutrons - In the nucleus as electrons - In a cloud of nucleons surrounding the nucleus

in nucleus as protons and neutrons

Dark matter is considered to be __________. View Available Hint(s) a form of dark energy a local phenomenon plentiful in the universe at the center of all atomic nuclei

plentiful in the universe

An element is distinct because of its number of the total mass of all the particles. electrons. protons .neutrons .none of the above

protons

What is the evidence that dark matter exists? When dark matter falls into a black hole, it emits light. When dark matter clouds collide, they emit light. Dark matter blocks distant light and can be seen as dark clouds in space. Gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter. \

Gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter.

Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't we fall through a floor we stand on? the atoms are always in motion, so they collide often. The positively charged nuclei repel each other. Electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another. Positively charged nuclei attract electrons from neighboring atoms, so they always collide.

electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another

How does the electric charge of a proton compare with the electric charge of an electron? -It is equal. - It is about 2000 times larger. - It is about 2000 times larger and opposite in sign. - It is equal and opposite.

the charge is equal and opposite

What occurs when a proton and an antiproton meet? They gravitationally repel each other. They do not interact in any way. They electrically repel each other. They annihilate each other.

they annihilate each other

Which of these atoms has the largest number of neutrons in the nucleus? View Available Hint(s) Which of these atoms has the largest number of neutrons in the nucleus?HeliumGoldHydrogenCarbon

gold subtract atomic mass from atomic number- whichever is most has most neutrons

How does one isotope differ from another? It has a different number of electrons. It has a different number of protons. It has a different number of neutrons. It has a different electric charge.

Different numver of NEURTRONS isotope: each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties;