Physics Chapter 17 and 18

49) Consider a piece of metal that is at 10 degrees C. If it is heated until it has twice the internal energy, its temperature will be A) 20 degrees C. B) 273 degrees C. C) 293 degrees C. D) 566 degrees C. E) none of these

C) 293 degrees C.

44) A container of air is at atmospheric pressure and 27 degrees C. To double the pressure in the container, it should be heated to A) 54 degrees C. B) 300 degrees C. C) 327 degrees C. D) 600 degrees C. E) none of these

C) 327 degrees C.

60) The ideal efficiency for a heat engine operating between the temperatures of 227 degrees C and 27 degrees C is A) 20%. B) 25%. C) 40%. D) 88%. E) none of these

C) 40%

27) The calories needed to change 10 grams of ice at zero degrees C to steam at 100 degrees C is A) 6200. B) 6400. C) 7200. D) 8000. E) None of the above choices are correct.

C) 7200.

35) When mechanical work is done on a system, there can be an increase in A) its internal energy. B) its temperature. C) both temperature and internal energy. D) neither temperature nor internal energy.

C) both temperature and internal energy.

39) An adiabatic process is characterized by the absence of A) entropy. B) pressure change. C) heat exchange. D) temperature change. E) None of the above choices are true

C) heat exchange.

37) During an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas A) the internal energy of the gas remains constant. B) the temperature of the gas does not change. C) no heat is supplied to or removed from the gas. D) no work is done on the gas. E) None of the above choices are true

C) no heat is supplied to or removed from the gas.

19) A refrigerator A) produces cold. B) causes internal energy to disappear. C) removes internal energy from inside the refrigerator. D) changes heat into cold. E) none of these

C) removes internal energy from inside the refrigerator.

1) Evaporation is a cooling process because A) heat is radiated during the process. B) of conduction and convection. C) the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid. D) the temperature of the remaining liquid decreases. E) none of these

C) the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid.

20) The cooling effect inside a refrigerator is produced by A) an electric motor that converts electrical energy into internal energy. B) compressing the refrigeration gas into a liquid. C) vaporizing the refrigeration liquid. D) proper insulation. E) replacing the warmer air with colder air.

C) vaporizing the refrigeration liquid.

64) A quantity of water has more entropy when it is A) frozen ice. B) boiling. C) at room temperature.

B) boiling.

29) The minimum amount of 100-degree-C steam needed to melt 1 gram of 0-degree-Celsius ice is A) 0.125 gram. B) 0.148 gram. C) 6.75 grams. D) 8 grams. E) none of these

A) 0.125 gram.

3) Evaporation is a cooling process and condensation is A) a warming process. B) a cooling process also. C) neither a warming nor cooling process

A) a warming process.

4) Steam burns are more damaging than burns caused by boiling water because steam A) gives up additional energy when it condenses. B) has more energy per kilogram than boiling water. C) Choices A and B are both correct. D) Choices B and C are both incorrect.

A) a warming process.

56) The greater the difference in temperature between the input reservoir and the output reservoir for a heat engine, the A) greater the efficiency. B) less the efficiency. C) Neither - efficiency of a heat engine doesn't depend on temperature difference.

A) greater the efficiency.

14) Food in a pressure cooker is cooked faster because of the A) higher temperature. B) greater rate of bubble formation in the water. C) increased internal energy in the water. D) Choices A, B, and C are all true.

A) higher temperature.

34) Suppose you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an eggbeater. The temperature of the eggs will A) increase. B) decrease. C) remain unchanged.

A) increase

40) When a volume of air is compressed and no heat enters or leaves, the air temperature will A) increase. B) decrease. C) remain unchanged.

A) increase.

42) As a blob of air at a high elevation sinks to a lower elevation with no heat input or output, its temperature A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same

A) increases.

57) Suppose the temperature of the input reservoir in a heat engine doesn't change. As the sink temperature is lowered, the efficiency of the engine A) increases. B) decreases. C) stays the same.

A) increases.

63) As a system becomes more disordered, entropy A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same.

A) increases.

13) When bringing water to a boil in the mountains, the time needed to reach the boiling point is A) less than at sea level. B) more than at sea level. C) the same as at sea level.

A) less than at sea level.

2) To say that evaporation is a cooling process is to say that the A) more energetic particles escape. B) more energetic particles remain in the water. C) the less energetic particles escape.

A) more energetic particles escape.

50) The Earth's atmosphere gets most of its heat A) near the surface of the Earth. B) at high altitudes closer to the sun. C) from the Earth's core.

A) near the surface of the Earth.

55) To totally convert a given amount of mechanical energy into heat is A) possible. B) impossible. C) impossible to answer without additional information

A) possible.

11) Increased air pressure on the surface of hot water tends to A) prevent boiling. B) promote boiling. C) Neither choice A nor choice B is true. D) Choice A and choice B are both true.

A) prevent boiling.

15) When a gas is changed to a liquid state, the gas A) releases energy. B) absorbs energy. C) neither releases nor absorbs energy. D) both releases and absorbs energy.

A) releases energy

28) Which involves the larger number of calories? A) the condensation of 1 gram of steam at 100 degrees Celsius to water at 100 degrees B) the cooling of 1 gram of water at 100 degrees Celsius to 1 gram of ice at absolute zero C) Both involve the same number of calories. D) Neither involves calories.

A) the condensation of 1 gram of steam at 100 degrees Celsius to water at 100 degrees

6) We are warmed by condensation because water molecules in the air that strike our bodies A) transfer some of their kinetic energy to us. B) gain kinetic energy as they change state. C) form an insulating layer on our bodies.

A) transfer some of their kinetic energy to us.

21) The food in a refrigerator is cooled by A) vaporization of the refrigerating fluid. B) condensation of the refrigerating fluid. C) the ice in your nearby freezer.

A) vaporization of the refrigerating fluid.

51) Chinook winds tend to A) warm an environment. B) cool an environment. C) cool deserts at night. D) warm deserts at sunrise.

A) warm an environment.

9) When water vapor condenses on the inside of a window, the room becomes slightly A) warmer. B) cooler. C) neither warmer nor cooler.

A) warmer

52) A temperature inversion occurs when the upper layers of air are A) warmer than the lower regions of air. B) cooler than the lower regions of air. C) at the same temperature as lower regions of air.

A) warmer than the lower regions of air.

22) When snow forms in clouds, the surrounding air A) warms. B) cools. C) neither warms nor cools.

A) warms.

32) The lowest temperature possible in nature is A) 0 degrees C. B) -273 degrees C. C) 4 K.

B) -273 degrees C

7) Which could burn a boy scout the most? A) 100 g of water at 100 degrees C B) 100 g of steam at 100 degrees C C) Both would be equally damaging.

B) 100 g of steam at 100 degrees C

53) Two identical blocks of iron, one at 10 degrees C and the other at 20 degrees C, are put in contact. Suppose the cooler block cools to 5 degrees C and the warmer block warms to 25 degrees C. This would violate the A) 1st law of thermodynamics. B) 2nd law of thermodynamics. C) both of these D) neither of these

B) 2nd law of thermodynamics

65) Entropy is closely related to the A) 1st law of thermodynamics. B) 2nd law of thermodynamics. C) both of these D) neither of these

B) 2nd law of thermodynamics.

12) Near the top of a mountain, water in an open pot boils at A) a higher temperature than at sea level. B) a lower temperature than at sea level. C) the same temperature as at sea level. D) None of the above choices are true.

B) a lower temperature than at sea level.

16) When a solid is changed to a liquid state, the solid A) releases energy. B) absorbs energy. C) neither releases nor absorbs energy. D) both releases and absorbs energy.

B) absorbs energy.

5) We feel uncomfortably warm on a muggy day because water molecules are A) evaporating from our moist bodies. B) condensing on our bodies. C) evaporating and condensing on our bodies at the same rate.

B) condensing on our bodies.

47) Blow on your hand with your open mouth and you feel the warmth of your breath. Pucker your lips so your breath expands as you blow and your breath is A) warmer still. B) cooler. C) neither warmer nor cooler.

B) cooler.

23) Melting snow A) warms the surrounding air. B) cools the surrounding air. C) neither warms nor cools the surrounding air.

B) cools the surrounding air.

41) When a volume of air expands against the environment and no heat enters or leaves, the air temperature will A) increase. B) decrease. C) remain unchanged

B) decrease.

38) When a system does work and no heat is added to the system, its temperature A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains unchanged.

B) decreases.

43) If a blob of air is swept upward, with no heat input or output, its temperature A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same.

B) decreases.

18) To turn ice at zero degrees Celsius to water at zero degrees Celsius, we must add A) temperature. B) energy. C) force. D) time. E) It can't be done - water is always warmer than that.

B) energy.

10) For increased atmospheric pressure, the boiling temperature of a liquid A) goes down. B) goes up. C) remains at 100 degrees C.

B) goes up.

61) Systems that are left alone, tend to move toward a state of A) less entropy. B) more entropy. C) no entropy.

B) more entropy.

17) When liquids change to a solid state, they A) absorb energy. B) release energy. C) neither absorb nor release energy. D) both absorb and release energy.

B) release energy.

46) A volume of air has a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius. An equal volume of air that is twice as hot has a temperature of A) 0 degrees C. B) 64 degrees C. C) 100 degrees C. D) 273 degrees C. E) None of the above choices are correct.

D) 273 degrees C.

48) Consider a piece of metal that is at 5 degrees C. If it is heated until it has twice the internal energy, its temperature will be A) 10 degrees C. B) 273 degrees C. C) 278 degrees C. D) 283 degrees C. E) 556 degrees C.

D) 283 degrees C.

30) The mass of ice that can be melted by 1 gram of 100-degree-C steam is (Hint: Don't forget about hot water remaining from condensed steam.) A) 0.125 gram. B) 0.148 gram. C) 6.75 grams. D) 8 grams. E) none of these

D) 8 grams.

59) The ideal efficiency for a heat engine operating between temperatures of 2700 K and 300 K is A) 10%. B) 24%. C) 80%. D) 89%. E) none of these

D) 89%.

58) A heat engine would have 100 percent efficiency if its input reservoir were A) 100 times hotter than the exhaust sink. B) 1000 times hotter than the exhaust sink. C) 100 times cooler than the exhaust sink. D) any finite temperature if the exhaust sink were at absolute zero. E) at any finite temperature regardless of the heat sink temperature.

D) any finite temperature if the exhaust sink were at absolute zero.

33) The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the A) principle of entropy. B) law of heat addition. C) Carnot cycle. D) conservation of energy. E) none of these

D) conservation of energy.

54) To wholly convert a given amount of heat energy into mechanical energy is A) possible using a steam engine. B) possible using an atomic reactor. C) possible using a simple machine. D) impossible regardless of the technique used.

D) impossible regardless of the technique used.

26) To turn 50 grams of boiling water to steam requires A) 50 calories. B) 500 calories C) 540 calories. D) more calories than are required to bring 50 grams of ice at absolute zero to the boiling point. E) None of the above choices are correct.

D) more calories than are required to bring 50 grams of ice at absolute zero to the boiling point.

25) To melt 50 grams of 0-degree-Celsius ice requires A) 25 calories. B) 50 calories. C) 80 calories. D) none of these

D) none of these

8) On a humid day, water condenses on the outside of a glass of ice water. This phenomenon occurs mainly because of A) the porosity of glass. B) capillary action. C) adhesion of water molecules to glass. D) the saturation of cooled air. E) evaporation.

D) the saturation of cooled air.

24) To increase the temperature of 50 grams of water by 2 Celsius degrees requires A) 0.04 calorie. B) 2 calories. C) 4.18 calories. D) 25 calories. E) 100 calories.

E) 100 calories.

36) When an ideal gas is subjected to an adiabatic process A) no work is done on the gas. B) the temperature of the gas does not change. C) the internal energy of the gas does not change. D) Choices A, B, and C are all true. E) None of the above choices are true.

E) None of the above choices are true.

31) When a block of ice at zero degrees Celsius melts, the ice A) absorbs energy from its environment. B) releases energy to its environment. C) absorbs energy and gets warmer. D) releases energy and gets warmer. E) absorbs energy but does not change its temperature.

E) absorbs energy but does not change its temperature.

45) Adiabatic processes occur A) only in the atmosphere. B) only in the oceans C) only in the Earth's mantle. D) in both the atmosphere and the oceans E) in the atmosphere, oceans and the Earth's mantle.

E) in the atmosphere, oceans and the Earth's mantle.

62) Entropy measures A) temperature at constant pressure. B) temperature at constant volume. C) temperature as pressure increases. D) temperature as volume increases. E) messiness.

E) messiness.