Physics Nobel Laureates

1975, "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"

Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson and Leo James Rainwater

1907, "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"

Albert Abraham Michelson

1921, "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"

Albert Einstein

2007, "for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance"

Albert Fert, Peter Grunberg

2003, "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"

Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg, Anthony James Leggett

1966, "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms"

Alfred Kastler

2010, "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"

Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov

1903, "for his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"

Antoine Henri Becquerel

1978, "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"

Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson

1927, "for his discovery of the effect named after him"

Arthur Holly Compton

1994, "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter"--"for the development of neutron spectroscopy"

Bertram N. Brockhouse

1973, "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally shown as the Josephson effects"

Brian David Josephson

1976, "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"

Burton Richter and Samuel Chao Chung Ting

1936, "for his discovery of the positron"

Carl David Anderson

1984, "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction"

Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer

1950, "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method"

Cecil Frank Powell

1920, "in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys"

Charles Edouard Guillaume

1917, "for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements"

Charles Glover Barkla

1964, "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"

Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov

2009, "for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"

Charles Kao

1927, "for his method of making paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour"

Charles Thomson Rees Wilson

1957, "for their penetrating investigating of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles"

Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee

1994, "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter"--"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique"

Clifford G. Shull

1937, "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals"

Clinton Joseph Davisson and George Paget Thomson

2004, "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"

David Gross, Hugh Politzer, Frank Wilczek

1996, "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"

David Morris Lee, Douglas Osheroff, Robert Coleman Richardson

2016, "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter"

David Thouless, F Duncan M Haldane, John Kosterlitz

1971, "for his invention and development of the holographic method"

Dennis Gabor

1960, "for the invention of the bubble chamber"

Donald Arthur Glaser

1959, "for their discovery of the antiproton"

Emilio Gino Segrè and Owen Chamberlain

1938, "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"

Enrico Fermi

2001, "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"

Eric Allin Cornell, Carl Edwin Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle

1939, "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements"

Ernest Orlando Lawrence

1986, "for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope"

Ernst Ruska

1933, "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory"

Erwin Shrödinger and Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac

1963, "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"

Eugene Paul Wigner

1952, "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"

Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell

2013, "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider"

Francois Englert, Peter Higgs

1995, "for the detection of the neutrino" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"

Frederick Reines

1953, "for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope"

Frits (Frederik) Zernike

1908, "for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference"

Gabriel Lippmann

1992, "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber"

Georges Charpak

1999, "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics"

Gerard 't Hooft, Martinus J. G. Veltman

1986, "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"

Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer

1909, "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"

Guglielmo Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun

1970, "for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics"

Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén

1967, "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars"

Hans Albrecht Bethe

1989, "for the development of the ion trap technique"

Hans G. Dehmelt and Wolfgang Paul

1913, "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium"

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

1902, "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena"

Hendrik Lorentz, Pieter Zeeman

1949, "for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces"

Hideki Yukawa

2014, "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"

Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, Shuji Nakamura

1944, "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei"

Isidor Isaac Rabi

1987, "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"

J. Georg Bednorz and K. Alexander Müller

2000, "for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit"

Jack St. Clair Kilby

1935, "for the discovery of the neutron"

James Chadwick

1925, "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom"

James Franck and Gustav Ludwig Hertz

1980, "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"

James Watson Cronin and Val Logsdon Fitch

1926, "for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimental equilibrium"

Jean Baptiste Perrin

1990, "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"

Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall and Richard E. Taylor

1910, "for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids"

Johannes Diderik van der Waals

1919, "for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields"

Johannes Stark

1972, "for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory"

John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer

2005, "for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique"

John Hall, Theodor Hansch

2006, "for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation"

John Mather, George Smoot

1906, "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases"

Joseph John Thomson

1981, "for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy"

Kai M. Siegbahn

1924, "for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy"

Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn

1982, "for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions"

Kenneth G. Wilson

1985, "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect"

Klaus von Klitzing

1973, "for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively"

Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever

1988, "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"

Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger

1962, "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium"

Lev Davidovich Landau

1904, "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies"

Lord Rayleigh

1970, "for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have lead to important applications in solid state physics"

Louis Eugène Félix Néel

1968, "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis"

Luis Walter Alvarez

2008, "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"

Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa

1963, "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"

Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen

1995, "for the discovery of the tau lepton" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"

Martin Lewis Perl

1954, "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"

Max Born

1918, "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta"

Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck

1914, "for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals"

Max von Laue

1969, "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"

Murry Gell-Mann

1981, "for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"

Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arthur Leonard Schawlow

1922, "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"

Niels Henrik David Bohr

1912, "for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys"

Nils Gustaf Dalén

1916

No Nobel Prize was awarded this year

1931

No Nobel Prize was awarded this year

1934

No Nobel Prize was awarded this year

1940

No Nobel Prize was awarded this year

1941

No Nobel Prize was awarded this year

1942

No Nobel Prize was awarded this year

1989, "for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks"

Norman F. Ramsey

1943, "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton"

Otto Stern

1928, "for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him"

Owen Willans Richardson

1948, "for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation"

Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett

1958, "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"

Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Il'ja Mikhailovich Frank and Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm

1946, "for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics"

Percy Williams Bridgman

1977, "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"

Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott and John Hasbrouck van Vleck

1905, "for his work on cathode rays"

Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard

1903, "for their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"

Pierre Curie, Maria Sklodowska-Curie

1991, "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers"

Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

1955, "for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron"

Polykarp Kusch

1929, "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons"

Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie

1978, "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics"

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa

2017, "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"

Rainer Weiss, Kip Thorne, Barry Barish

2002, "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos"

Raymond Davis Jr, Masatoshi Koshiba

2002, "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"

Riccardo Giacconi

1923, "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect"

Robert Andrews Millikan

1961, "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"

Robert Hofstadter

1998, "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations"

Robert Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Stormer, Daniel Chee Tsui

2005, "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence"

Roy Glauber

1961, "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name"

Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer

1993, "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"

Russell A. Hulse and Joseph H. Taylor Jr.

2011, "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"

Saul Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt, Adam Riess

2012, "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems."

Serge Haroche, David Wineland

1979, "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"

Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg

1965, "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"

Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman

1930, "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him"

Sir Chandresekhara Venkata Raman

1947, "for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer"

Sir Edward Victor Appleton

1951, "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles"

Sir John Douglas Cockcroft and Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton

1974, "for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars"

Sir Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish

1915, "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays"

Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg

1997, "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light."

Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William Daniel Phillips

1983, "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar

2015, "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass"

Takaaki Kajita, Arthur McDonald

1936, "for his discovery of cosmic radiation"

Victor Franz Hess

1954, "for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith"

Walther Bothe

1932, "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"

Werner Karl Heisenberg

1901, "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him"

Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen

1911, "for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat"

Wilhelm Wien

2009, "for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor"

Willard Boyle, George Smith

1983, "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in our universe"

William Alfred Fowler

1956, "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"

William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain

1955, "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum"

Willis Eugene Lamb

1945, "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle"

Wolfgang Pauli

2008, "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"

Yoichiro Nambu

2000, "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics"

Zhores Ivanovich Alferov, Herbert Kroemer