Physio Test 2

At the level of rods and cones the _____________ theory seems to fit best, while at the level of the bipolar cells the _________theory seems to fit best.

Trichromatic, opponent process

Loudness is to _______ as pitch is to ___________.

amplitude;frequency

What is a dermatome?

an area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve

The eighth cranial nerve contain both a _______component and a ____________component

auditory;vestibular

What does the vestibular system detect?

movement of the head

In comparison to the rods, cones are more:

sensitive to detail

What type of the proprioceptors responds to increase in muscle tension?

Golgi tendon organ

Which of the following characterizes the fovea?

It has the greatest perception of detail.

Axons of the dorsolateral tract extend to what area?

Spinal cord

What neurotransmitter is released by axon that carry pain information to the brain?

Substance P

Axons release _________at junctions with skeletal muscles

acetylcholine

Light from above our head strikes the:

bottom of half of the retina

The heat receptor responds to ______, the chemical that makes jalapenos.

capsaicin

The function of the semicircular canals is to:

detect movement of the head****

Pitch is a perception related to which aspect of sound?

frequency

The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell?

ganglion cells

What is the name of the receptor cells of the auditory system?

hair cells

Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea causes?

hair cells to displace.

conductive deafness is also known as:

middle ear deafness

Morphine and other opiate drugs decrease sensitivity to pain by:

mimicking the effects of endorphins at the synapses

The receptors for taste are:

modified skin cells

What kind of deafness is the result of damage to the cochlea or the hair cells?

nerve

What is the name gives the synapse where a motor neuron's axon meets a muscle fiber?

neuromuscular junction

Where are the auditory receptor cells located?

on the basilar membrane

The brain chemicals known as endorphins and enkephalins produce effects similar to which substance?

opiates

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision

our perceptions of color depends on the relative activity of three types of cones.

The structure that we commonly refer to as the ear(on the outside of the head) is formally known as:

pinna.

A proprioceptor is sensitive to the:

position and movement of a part of the body

Light enters the eye through an opening in the center of the iris called the:

pupil

Pacinian corpuscles respond best to:

rapid mechanical pressure

Damage to the cerebellum is most likely to interfere with:

rapid movements that require timing

What are the two kinds of receptors in the retina?

rods and cones

Pheromones are important for the __________behaviors of many mammalian species.

sexual

Pain receptors of the skin are:

simple, bare neuron endings

Compared to the average weekend jogger, a world class marathon runner probably has a higher percentage of which kind of fibers in his legs?

slow-twitch

What types of muscle controls movements of the heart?

smooth

olfaction also plays a subtle role in:

social behavior

What kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold?

somatosensory

Immature cells that are capable of developing into a variety of cells are known as:

stem cells

A muscle spindle responds to the:

stretch of the muscle

What type of muscle is responsible for the movement of your body through the environment?

striated

To what lobe of the cerebral cortex is auditory information sent?

temporal

The name of the point at which the optic nerve leaves the retina is called the:

the blind spot

If you want to see something in fine detail, you should focus the light on which part of your retina?

the fovea

Initially, researchers determined how many types of receptors we have for determining color:

through psychophysical observations

What is a common symptom of Huntington's disease?

twitches, tremores, and writing that interfere with voluntary movement.

The eardrum is also known as the:

tympanic membrane

Although Parkinson's disease is usually limited to old people, it has occurred in a small number of young people that:

used a designer drug.

Which of following would be most impaired with damage to the vestibular senses?

visually tracking an object while dancing

The malleus, incus, and stapes are small bones

which transmit information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.