Physiology 17

In which of the following would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?

both a person suffering from hemolysis and an alcoholic with a damaged liver

Compare pernicious anemia with iron deficiency anemia

Pernicious anemia is insufficient red blood cell production caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, whereas iron deficiency anemia is impaired hemoglobin synthesis caused by a deficiency in dietary intake or absorption of iron.

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?

K

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

Monocytes

Which of the following is NOT one of the three phases of hemostasis?

fibrinous

Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to

form stacks.

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

hemorrhage.

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

her hemoglobin level is normal.

Platelet factor (PF-3) is a factor in the ________ pathway.

intrinsic

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in all of the following places except the spleen. bone marrow. kidney. liver. None of the answers is correct.

kidney.

Which type of white blood cell would you find in the greatest numbers in an infected cut?

neutrophil

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils.

Below are some of the factors involved in the extrinsic clotting pathway. 1. calcium 2. tissue factor (III) 3. prothrombin 4. factor X 5. fibrin 6. clotting factor VII What answer corresponds to the correct order in which they occur from the time of tissue damage to the formation of a blood clot?

2, 1, 6, 4, 3, 5

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Coagulation

Which of the following is normally produced in the liver, and could explain why Joe's blood is ineffective at carrying around important molecules?

Globulins

With large numbers of erythrocytes dying and being replaced every day, what happens to the heme released from the erythrocytes?

Heme is catabolized into two pigments, biliverdin and bilirubin.

Compare oxyhemoglobin with deoxyhemoglobin.

Oxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has bound oxygen. Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin whose iron has not bound oxygen.

Describe the functional aspects of RBCs

RBCs have a large surface area — to — volume ratio,exhibit the ability to form stacks, and they are flexible.

How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation?

The coagulation pathway would be lacking a required cofactor at many steps and coagulation would be prevented.

Which of the following is not a phagocytic cell?

basophil

The function of hemoglobin is to

carry oxygen.

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to

cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

conversion of Factor X to prothrombin activator.

The process of fibrinolysis

dissolves clots.

Platelets function in all of the following except dissolving a formed clot. contracting after clot formation. releasing chemicals that stimulate clotting. forming temporary clump in injured areas. initiating the clotting process.

dissolving a formed clot.

White blood cells that are increased in individuals with allergic reactions are the

eosinophils.

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis.

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway.

extrinsic

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from all of the following except

hematuria.

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

heme molecules lacking iron.

Which of the following proteins functions to store or transport oxygen?

hemoglobin

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

hemoglobin.

All of the following blood diseases are caused by pathogens except viremia. septicemia. bacteremia. malaria. hemophilia.

hemophilia.

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12.

Which of the following plays a major role in the body's defense mechanisms?

leukocytes

All of the following are heritable blood disorders except malaria. sickle cell disease. hemophilia. thalassemia. sickle cell anemia.

malaria.

Identify the two types of leukemia

myeloid leukemia and lymphoid leukemia

A cancer involving neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils is called a

myeloid leukemia.

All of the following blood disorders are due to specific issues with RBCs except malaria. myeloid leukemia. pernicious anemia. iron deficiency anemia. thalassemia.

myeloid leukemia.

Which blood disorder involves a deficiency of Vitamin B12?

pernicious anemia

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin.

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

recycled to red bone marrow.

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

reticulocytes

A condition where pathogens are present and multiplying in the blood is called

septicemia.

Which of the following is a congenital blood disorder?

thalassemia

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by

thrombin.

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?

vitamin B12 deficiency

Jaundice is a symptom where the patient exhibits a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes. What causes jaundice?

The liver is unable to process bilirubin, so its level in the blood rises.

The doctor is concerned about excessive bleeding in Joe's body, because

The liver normally synthesizes molecules that help stop bleeding

Because of their short lifespan, a huge number of erythrocytes are recycled by macrophages. Which of the following is NOT a function of the macrophage?

The macrophage synthesizes a small amount of hemoglobin and transports it to the bone marrow.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen.

Define hemostasis

Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding.

Given his liver problems, Joe's doctor is also probably concerned that he might have

Jaundice

RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their

lack of nucleus.

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

Anemia

How do basophils respond to tissue damage?

Basophils enter damaged tissue and release a variety of chemicals, including histamine, which promotes inflammation.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets?

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect

an increased reticulocyte count.