Physiology 2 GI Practice Questions Sets 2 & 3

Secretin causes release of? A. Bicarbonate B. Gastrin C. HCL D. Intrinsic factor

A. Bicarbonate

Which of the following causes contraction of the gallbladder? A. Cholecystokinin B. Secretin C. Gastrin D. Estrogastrene

A. Cholecystokinin

Which of the following is transported in the lymphatic system? A. Chylomicrons B. Cholesterol C. Bile salts D. Monosaccharides

A. Chylomicrons

Which of the following best describes small intestinal motility? A. Contractile activity is initiated in response to bowel wall distention. B. Contractile frequency is constant from duodenum to terminal ileum. C. Migrating motor complexes (MMCs) occur during the digestive period. D. Peristalsis is the only contractile activity that occurs during feeding

A. Contractile activity is initiated in response to bowel wall distention.

After secretion of trypsinogen into the duodenum, the enzyme is converted into its active form, trypsin, by A. Enteropeptidase B. Pancreatic lipase C. The alkaline pH in the duodenum D. Glucagon

A. Enteropeptidase

Which monosaccharide is absorbed in the intestines without the need for a Na+ gradient? A. Fructose B. Lactose C. Galactose D. Glucose

A. Fructose

Stimulation of gut smooth muscle by the sympathetic nervous system causes? A. Hyperpolarization & decreased function B. Increased positively of membrane potential C. Increased rate and amplitude out of peristalsis D. Decreased tonic contraction of gut sphincters

A. Hyperpolarization & decreased function

Sugars are absorbed in which of the following forms? A. Monosaccharides B. Polysaccharides C. Disaccharides D. Oligosaccharides

A. Monosaccharides

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is release by the vagus nerve to initiate what action? A. Opening of the lower esophageal sphincter B. Contraction of the gallbladder C. Retropulsion of the stomach D. Segmentation in the small intestine

A. Opening of the lower esophageal sphincter

In which portion of the GI tract will you find keratinized stratified squamous epithelium? A. Oral cavity B. Upper esophagus C. Colon D. Gastric mucosa

A. Oral cavity

A major factor that protects the duodenal mucosa from damage by gastric acid is A. Pancreatic bicarbonate secretion B. The endogenous mucosal barrier of the duodenum C. Bicarbonate ion contained in bile D. Duodenal secretion of HCO

A. Pancreatic bicarbonate secretion

Which of the following structures is composed of striated skeletal muscle? A. The upper third of the esophagus B. The distal third of the esophagus C. The larynx D. the pyloric valve

A. The upper third of the esophagus

Regarding the three phases of gastric secretion, the cephalic phase occurs A. before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought B. immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients C. at the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time. D. when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required

A. before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought

Gastric emptying would be slowed by which of the following? A. fats in the duodenum B. acids in the duodenum C. distention of the duodenum D. all of the these

A. fats in the duodenum

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ... A. initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins B. is the first site where nutrient absorption takes place C. is the only place where fats are completely digested D. is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place

A. initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task? A. plicae circulares and intestinal villi B. the vast array of digestive enzymes C. Brunner's glands D. the rugae

A. plicae circulares and intestinal villi

Proteins are absorbed across the lumen of the small intestine as? (Choose 3) A. Peptides B. Dipeptides C. Polypeptides D. Amino acids E. Tripeptides

B, D and E

Principal site for fat digestion is? A. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Ileum D. Jejunum

B. Duodenum

The majority of disaccharide hydrolysis occurs due to the action of which enzymes? A. Enzymes from pancreatic juice B. Enzymes from the brush border of the small intestine C. Enzymes found in the saliva D. Enzymes secreted by the gastric glands

B. Enzymes from the brush border of the small intestine

Parietal cells secrete which of the following substances that is essential for digestion? A. Pepsinogen B. Hydrochloric acid C. Cholecystokinin D. Gastrin

B. Hydrochloric acid

The digestion of starch begins in what location? A. In the duodenum with pancreatic lipase B. In the mouth with salivary amylase C. In the jejunum with maltase D. In the colon with absorption of water

B. In the mouth with salivary amylase

Which of the following prevents gastric reflux? A. Caving in of the esophagus B. Physiological sphincter similar to the pylorus - (Lower esophageal sphincter) C. Esophageal constriction D. Stomach contraction

B. Physiological sphincter similar to the pylorus - (Lower esophageal sphincter)

Which of the following statements regarding the swallow reflex is CORRECT? A. The swallow reflex is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system B. The reflex response includes the soft palate being pulled upward, so that food cannot reflux into the nasopharynx. C. The reflex center for the swallow reflex is located in the hypothalamus D. This sensory information of the reflex is carried via the accessory nerve (CN XI) and the hypoglossal (CNXII) nerve.

B. The reflex response includes the soft palate being pulled upward, so that food cannot reflux

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to: A. carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract B. collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage C. distribute hormones D. return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low

B. collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

Which of the following best describes the myenteric plexus? A. loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels B. coordinates activity of muscularis layer C. secretes regulatory hormones D. regulates absorption of water from the gut

B. coordinates activity of muscularis layer

Bilirubin is produced via the metabolism of A. fatty acids B. hemoglobin C. cholesterol D. glucose

B. hemoglobin

The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the ________. A. duodenum B. ileum C. jejunum D. pyloric sphincter

B. ileum

The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________. A. in the accessory organs (salivary glands, pancreas, liver) of the digestive system B. in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract C. in the pons and medulla D. only in the esophagus

B. in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract

The principal digestion action in the stomach is on A. starch B. protein C. simple lipids D. Vitamins

B. protein

Which cells of the gastric gland secrete pepsinogen? A. Parietal cells B. Mucous neck cells C. Chief cells D. G -cells

C. Chief cells

Which substance secreted by the duodenal mucosa initiates the release of large quantities of pancreatic juice? A. Secretin B. Somatostatin C. Cholecystokinin D. Gastrin

C. Cholecystokinin

Which of the following occurs during the INTESTINAL phase of gastric function? A. The vagus nerve stimulates gastrin secretion B. Stomach distention stimulates acid secretion C. Gastric emptying is inhibited by the release of secretin D. The aroma of food stimulates nuclei of the vagus nerve.

C. Gastric emptying is inhibited by the release of secretin

Which of the following causes relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in response to swallowing? A. Circulating gastrin B. Increased sympathetic nerve input to the LES C. Neuronal release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) D. Release of acetylcholine from the myenteric plexus

C. Neuronal release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

Which of the following is NOT normally found in abundance in the portal blood? A. Amino acids B. Glucose C. Triglycerides D. Sodium

C. Triglycerides

The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells? A. goblet cells and squamous epithelial cells B. parietal cells and glial cells C. serous cells and mucous cells D. cuboidal epithelium and ciliated columnar cells

C. serous cells and mucous cells

In the salivary glands, the luminal membrane of the ductal cells possess three transporter proteins. Which of the following is NOT a transport protein found in a ductal cell of the salivary gland? A. Na+-H+ exchange B. Cl−-HCO3 -exchange C. H+-K+ exchange D. GLUT 4 transport protein

D. GLUT 4 transport protein

Which of the following statements regarding the hormone, ghrelin is FALSE? A. Ghrelin is secreted by gastric cells just before ingestion of a meal. B. Ghrelin acts to stimulate neurons in the satiety center, thus increasing appetite and food intake. C. Periods of starvation and weight loss strongly stimulate ghrelin secretion. D. Ghrelin has similar actions to insulin

D. Ghrelin has similar actions to insulin

The delivery of chyme into the proximal small intestine will A. Increase gastric acid secretion B. Decrease pancreatic bicarbonate secretion C. Increase gastric emptying of solids D. Increase small intestine motility

D. Increase small intestine motility

Two organs that produce substances for fat digestion are the ... A. Liver and stomach B. Gall bladder and stomach C. Esophagus and duodenum D. Pancreas and liver

D. Pancreas and liver

Regarding bile salts, which of the following statement is INCORRECT? A. bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol by the hepatocytes B. bile salts are transported into the bile, stored and concentrated in the gallbladder C. bile salts are secreted into the intestinal lumen to aid in the digestion of dietary lipids D. bile salts are enzymes that cleave triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.

D. bile salts are enzymes that cleave triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.

An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is A. enteropeptidase B. secretin. C. gastrin D. cholecystokinin

D. cholecystokinin

Aggregated lymphoid nodules are characteristic of the A. stomach. B. duodenum C. jejunum D. ileum

D. ileum

Which of the following increases gastric motility? A. Secretin B. Cholecystokinin C. Gastrin D. Serotonin E. Motolin

E. Motolin