Physiology Exam 4: Respiration

Why does efficiency of pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary circulation occur? a. The surface area of the respiratory membrane is increased b. The gases are liquid soluble c. Distances involved in gas exchange are small d. Blood flow and air flow are coordinated

Blood flow and air flow are coordinated

The effect of pH on hemoglobin saturation is known as the a. pulmonary reflex b. Bainbridge reflex c. Bohr effect d. Hering-Breuer reflex e. respiratory effect

Bohr effect

________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle. a. Inspiratory capacity b. Residual volume c. Inspiratory reserve volume d. Tidal volume e. Expiratory reserve volume

Tidal volume

Which of these changes will DECREASE the effectiveness of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane? a. increased thickness of the respiratory membrane b. increased difference in partial pressures c. increased number of alveoli d. adequate production of surfactant

increased thickness of the respiratory membrane

In order for the respiratory system to maintain homeostatic tissue levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide, it must coordinate constantly with the __________ system. a. cardiovascular b. integumentary c. urinary d. digestive

cardiovascular

Each molecule of hemoglobin has the capacity to carry __________ molecules of oxygen (O2). a. two b. four c. six d. eight

four

In which direction does carbon dioxide move during internal respiration? a. from the blood into the tissue cells b. from the blood into the lungs c. from the lungs into the blood d. from the tissue cells into the blood e. from the lungs into the atmosphere

from the tissue cells into the blood

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the cells and interstitial fluids is a. breathing b. internal respiration c. pulmonary ventilation d. cellular respiration e. external respiration

internal respiration

When each hemoglobin molecule binds with four molecules of oxygen, the end product is __________. a. carbon monoxide b. oxyhemoglobin c. carbaminohemoglobin d. carbon dioxide

oxyhemoglobin

Surfactant is produced by what cell type in the alveolus? a. smooth muscle cells b. pneumocytes Type I and Type II c. alveolar macrophages d. pneumocytes Type I e. pneumocytes Type II

pneumocytes Type II

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is a. equal to the pressure in the atmosphere b. greater than intra-alveolar pressure c. greater than the pressure in the atmosphere d. less than intra-pulmonic pressure e. less than the pressure in the atmosphere

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

Low partial pressure of oxygen in tissues is a condition called a. ischemia b. asthma c. lung cancer d. emphysema e. hypoxia

hypoxia

Dalton's law states that a. the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure b. gas volume and temperature are directly proportional c. gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume d. gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional e. in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture

Which of the following occurs during expiration? a. increase in atmospheric pressure b. increase in intrapulmonary pressure c. increase in the volume of the lungs d. decrease in intrapulmonary pressure

increase in intrapulmonary pressure

Breathing, which involves the physical movement of air into and out of the lungs, is __________. a. pulmonary ventilation b. internal respiration c. gas diffusion d. alveolar ventilation

pulmonary ventiliation

External respiration includes all of these processes EXCEPT __________. a. release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells b. breathing c. gas diffusion across respiratory membrane d. gas transport

release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells

When levels of CO2 rise in the blood, which of the following changes will occur? a. Hemoglobin releases O2. b. Levels of HCO3- increase. c. pH levels decrease. d. All of the above changes will occur with an increase in CO2

All of the above

In the pulmonary capillaries, the bicarbonate ion is always returned to the __________. a. interstitial fluid b. plasma c. RBC d. alveoli

RBC

The primary function of pulmonary ventilation is to maintain adequate __________. a. alveolar ventilation b. pulmonary surfactant c. vital capacity d. air in the anatomic dead space

alveolar ventilation

Air enters the respiratory passageways when the pressure inside the lungs is lower than the __________. a. arterial pressure b. atmospheric pressure c. blood pressure d. abdominal pressure

atmospheric pressure

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood mostly as __________. a. soluble in plasma b. carbaminohemoglobin c. a bicarbonate ion d. none of the listed responses

bicarbonate ion

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as a. carbonic acid b. bicarbonate ions c. solute dissolved in the plasma d. solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells e. carbaminohemoglobin

bicarbonate ions

Which gas is most soluble in plasma? a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen c. nitrogen d. All of these gases are equally soluble.

carbon dioxide

Respiratory function deteriorates as a result of pneumonia because inflammation a. causes the lungs to leak air into the thorax b. causes respiratory bronchioles to swell and dilate c. reduces movement of the epiglottis d. reduces the size of the pleural cavity e. causes fluids to leak into the alveoli

causes fluids to leak into the alveoli

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? a. decreased amounts of BPG b. decreased temperature and c. decreased amounts of BPG d. decreased temperature c. increased tissue PO2 d. decreased pH

decreased pH

When does oxyhemoglobin form during respiration? a. during pulmonary ventilation b. when the chloride shift occurs c. immediately after carbon dioxide enters the blood d. during internal respiration e. during external respiration

during external respiration

What occurs if intrapulmonic pressure is 763 mm Hg? a. exhalation b. apnea c. hyperventilation d. inhalation e. pause in breathing

exhalation

Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas is a. directly proportional to the volume of its container b. always higher in the atmosphere than in the lungs c. inversely proportional to the volume of its container d. directly proportional to temperature e. inversely proportional to temperature

inversely higher in the atmosphere than in the lungs

Which of the following statements about the chloride shift is false? a. It involves a movement of chloride ion into RBCs b. It depends on the chloride-bicarbonate countertransporter c. It causes RBCs to swell d. It is driven by a rise in PCO2 e. It involves a movement of bicarbonate ions into the plasma

it causes RBCs to swell

Henry's law states that a. in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture b. gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume c. the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure d. gas volume and temperature are directly proportional e. gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional

the volume of the gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure

The chloride shift occurs in order to a. pump hydrochloric acid out of gastric cells b. force oxygen out of the blood and into tissues c. produce salt for the cytosol of blood cells d. transport bicarbonate ions into the blood plasma e. produce carbonic acid

transport bicarbonate ions into the blood plasma

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is greatest in a. venous blood b. arterial blood c. inspired air d. alveolar air e. expired air

venous blood

If a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's a. expiratory reserve volume b. vital capacity c. reserve volume d. tidal volume e. inspiratory reserve volume

vital capacity