Physiology Knight Final

What is the combination of a primary oocyte and a single layer of follicle cells called?

Primordial follicle

The principal hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy is __________.

Progesterone

What hormone does the corpus luteum primarily produce?

Progesterone

The functions of the sustentacular cells (nurse cells) in the male include all of the following except?

Secretion of testosterone

What is produced by spermiogenesis?

Sperm

Which cells in the seminiferous tubules regularly undergo mitosis?

Spermatogonia

Which of the following states the correct order in which are cells produced in spermatogenesis?

Spermatogonium a primary spermatocyte a secondary spermatocyte a spermatid a sperm

Which of the following is accurate regarding the events of fertilization?

Two haploid gametes combine to make the diploid zygote.

What female reproductive structure receives the ovum from the ovary during ovulation?

Uterine tube

The rupture of the follicular wall and ovulation are caused by __________.

a sudden surge in LH (luteinizing hormone) concentration

Enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the ovum, or egg, are in the ________ of the sperm cell.

acrosome

Part complete The most important factor in decreasing the intracellular concentration of calcium ion after contraction is

active transport of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by

aerobic metabolism of fatty acids.

Part complete The fluid-filled cavity that appears in a secondary follicle is called the

antrum.

In rigor mortis

calcium ions keep binding to troponin. ATP is depleted. the myosin heads are attached to actin. sustained contractions occur.

The secretion of the hormone __________ triggers __________.

LH; ovulation

The cross bridge cycle starts when ________

Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to troponin

What is formed from the remaining follicle cells that are not ovulated with the secondary oocyte?

Corpus luteum

Which of the following is a way that muscle fibers get energy needed for contraction?

During peak activity levels, glycolysis is the only pathway by which ATP can be produced to supply energy to the muscle.

Which hormone causes the development of secondary follicles into tertiary follicles?

FSH

Which of the following is not a peripheral effect of testosterone?

Facilitates both spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis

Which part of the uterus is lost during menses?

Functional zone

What hormone produced by the nurse cells depresses the formation of FSH and provides a negative feedback mechanism for the control of spermatogenesis?

Inhibin

Which hormone acts to reduce the rate at which the anterior pituitary produces FSH?

Inhibin

Which cells in the testes are responsible for producing testosterone and other androgens?

Interstitial cells

What happens to the chromosome number as a result of meiosis?

It is reduced by half.

What is the hormone that directly stimulates testosterone production?

LH

Which statement about oogenesis mentions the one characteristic that is the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Meiosis in oogenesis reduces the chromosome number by half.

What are the three sequential stages of the uterine cycle?

Menses, proliferative phase, and secretory phase

Which correctly describes mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis creates genetically identical cells, whereas meiosis creates genetically unique cells.

Which of the following is the muscular layer of the uterus?

Myometrium

Which of the following is not consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Occurs as estrogen levels drop

During oogenesis, meiosis produces how many functional gametes?

One

Which of the following is not true of testosterone?

Testosterone is a protein.

Steps in a Cross Bridge Cycle

The activated myosin head binds to actin, forming a cross bridge. ADP is released and myosin slides the thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere. ATP binds to the myosin head and detaches it from actin. ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi and the energy released re-cocks the myosin head.

In a 28-day cycle, estrogen levels peak at __________.

day 14

Whether or not fertilization occurs, the final destination of the ovum is the __________.

endometrium

The granulosa cells of developing follicles secrete

estrogens.

Large-diameter, densely packed myofibrils, large glycogen reserves, and few mitochondria are characteristics of

fast fibers

The hormone that promotes spermatogenesis along the seminiferous tubules is __________.

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Progesterone levels are highest during which phases of the ovarian and uterine cycles, respectively?

luteal; secretory

Interstitial cells surrounding seminiferous tubules produce testosterone in response to __________.

luteinizing hormone (LH)

The process of oogenesis produces three nonfunctional polar bodies that eventually disintegrate, plus __________.

one functional ovum

The large and rapid rise of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the blood stream triggers __________.

ovulation

Men over the age of 50 are periodically screened for prostate cancer by measuring the blood for elevated levels of ______________.

prostate specific antigen (PSA)

The terminal cisternae that form a triad along with a T tubule are part of what organelle?

sarcoplasmic reticulum

During the __________ phase of the uterine cycle, high levels of estrogen and progesterone direct uterine activity.

secretory

Which skeletal muscle fiber type slow or fast contains more mitochondria?

slow