Piano Theory

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Date of Romantic Period

1830-1900

Root Position

A triad written in a position so that the note which names it is the lowest; written as root, R, or 5/3

Secondary Triads

The ii, iii, vi, and viio chords (in harmonic minor, iio, III+, VI, and viio)

Arpeggio

broken chord

What is 4/4 also written as

common time

Cantabile

in a singing style

Diminished chord

lowered third and fifth note

Molto

much, very

Damper pedal

press the pedal on the right

Lento

slowly

Sequence

when the motive is repeated immediately, on a different note, usually a 2nd or 3rd higher or lower

Spiritoso

with spirit

Dominant 7th

Chord built on the dominant (5th) note of a key which adds the 7th note above its root.

Cadence

a closing or ending for a phrase of music; made up of two or more chords

Poco

little

Imitation

when the motive is repeated immediately in another voice, such as in the bass clef following a statement of the motive in treble clef

Acronym for Flats

BEAD Gum Candy Fruit

Which intervals are Perfect

4, 5, 8

Presto

very fast

Vivace

quick, lively

Scale Degree Names (in order)

tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, leading tone

Which intervals are Major/minor

2, 3, 6, 7

Half Cadence

I chord followed by a V chord

Plagal Cadence

IV chord followed by a I chord

Trill (Romantic Period)

begin on written note

Leggiero

lightly, delicately

Andante

moderate walking speed

Subito

suddenly; at once

-etto and -ino

suffix meaning little

Authentic Cadence

V or V7 chord followed by a I chord

Date of Baroque Period

1600-1750

Date of Classical Period

1750-1830

Bottom number of time signature: 2, 4, 8

Which kind of note gets one beat; 2--half note, 4--quarter note, 8--eighth note

Augmented chord

raise fifth note

Andantino

slightly faster than andante

Allegretto

slower than allegro, faster than andante

Dolce

sweetly

Primary Triads

the I, IV, and V chords; in minor, i, iv, and V

What note is raised in Harmonic minor

seventh

Trill (Classical Period)

begin one note above written note

Date of 20th and 21st Centuries Period

1900-present

Second Inversion

A triad written with the fifth as the lowest note; written as 2nd or 6/4

First Inversion

A triad written with the third as the lowest note; written as 1st, 6, or 6/3

Acronym for Sharps

Fat Cats Go Down Alleys Eating Bologna

Tenuto

Hold the note for its full value

Legato pedal

creating a seamless, unblurred legato by raising and quickly re-depressing the damper pedal at the same time as, or immediately after, the keys are struck

Allegro

fast or quick, cheerfully, merrily

Name the four periods of music history

Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and 20th/21st Century

Sforzando (sfz)

a sudden sharp accent

What is 2/2 also written as

alla breve

Fermata

hold the note longer than its value

una corda (u.c.)

press the left pedal (the soft pedal)

tre corde (t.c.)

release the una corda pedal (left pedal)

Adagio

slowly

Transposition

the shifting of a piece of music to a different pitch level

Repetition

when the motive is repeated immediately, exactly the way it was the first time it occurred, on the same note


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