Pirates Midterm Readings

How did privateers get a license?

1) Attend court in London to get a warrant 2) Declare a ship or vessel 3) Provide surety of good behavior of command and crew

What are the 2 societal functions?

1) Commerce 2) Naval Activity

What are the two main origins of privateering?

1) Reprisal 2) Private ships

What are the 5 main areas of the Code of Conduct?

1) Respect the rights of neutrals 2) Prevent cruelty to crew of captured vessels 3) Eradicate suppression or distortion of evidence 4) Do not embezzle cargo 5) Prizes brought to trial

What are 3 forms of Piracy Anderson explains?

1)Parasitic Piracy 2) Episodic Piracy 3) Intrinsic Piracy

How much did the Barbarossa brothers split their "booty" with the governor and why?

20% to maintain a postive relationship

Approximately what percent of pirates were Black during 1700-1730?

20-30%.

In the Jacobean Era, on average how many crew members were there?

50

Who is Oruc?

A corsair who was known as "Barbarossa" (Italian for red-beard).

What are they two long waves of Piracy?

Buccaneers and Barbary Corsairs

Who is John Fleury and what did he do?

Captured massive amounts of treasury, and inspired many pirates to the Caribbean to search for easy pickings.

What is the difference between Piracy and Corsairing?

Corsairing is institutionalized.

What are the main points in the Lane reading? (Spain and the 16th Century Corsairs)

Explains the rivalry between the Portuguese & Spanish, the Barbarossa brothers, and the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis.

Burg: The Buccaneer Community Main Points?

Explores the conditions aboard a Buccaneer ship, as well as homosexuality on the ships.

Anderson: Piracy and World History: An Economic Perspective on Maritime Predation What is the main focus of the reading?

Explores the economic effects piracy has on the economy, also explores different types of piracy.

(T'/F) Episodic piracy cannot fluctuate very quickly

False, it can fluctuate very quickly.

(T/F) French Corsairs continually harassed the Spanish throughout the 15th century.

False, it was the 16th century.

(T/F) Blacks were not treated as equally as Whites, and Blacks never held high positions on the ship.

False. They were all treated equally.

Starkey: Pirates and Markets What is the main focus from the reading?

He ultimately explains how piracy is an economic activity, and goes into detail about the causes and waves of Piracy. Also explains how the law of the sea is a reflection of the balance of state power.

Starkey: The Origins and Regulation of Eighteenth-Centry British Privateering Main Points?

Introduced Code of Conduct, and main purposes of privateering.

Why did Black men choose a life of piracy?

It offered merit based on their work ethic, instead of skin color or racial background.

What exactly is a 'reprisal'?

Means by which an individual could redress a proven grievance against a foreign subject, using force if necessary.

Why were the Buccaneer ships comparable to a prison?

Needed to ration food, water & alcohol, close proximity, restricted space

What is Episodic Piracy?

Occurs when a political power weakens and normal flows of trade are interrupted.

Where and why were monopolies formed during this time?

Over trade routes to maintain equilibrium between official commerce and informal smugglers.

What is a 'long wave'?

Piracy linked to serve the aspirations of the state by preying on political and commercial rivals. These were Barbary Corsairs and Caribbean Buccaneers.

What is Intrinsic Piracy?

Piracy that is part of the accepted culture and ideas at the time.

What is a 'short wave'?

Piracy that occurred most times following a prolonged, wide-range war.

What is Parasitic Piracy?

Pirates are like parasites, the amount of trade is the host organism. Piracy ultimately grows with the amount of trade.

What was the main influence for Corsairing?

Political instability, but also long standing and deep religious prejudices.

What is a 'Privateer' according to Starkey?

Privately owned vessels licensed by testate to set out with the specific intention of seizing enemy property on the high seas.

In Europe, in what societies did Corsairs appear?

Societies who had unchallenging commercial competitors in the way.

What were confrontations at sea important for?

State power. Also measured the degree in which state authority was established.

Kinkor: Black Men Under the Black Flag Main Points?

The African American presence on ships and how the experience for them was appealing.

Who dominated the first half of the 16th century in regards to the Caribbean Corsairs?

The French Corsairs

What is an example in which intrinsic piracy occured?

The Mediterranean in the late 16th and early 17th century.

What form of military are privateers most similar to?

The Navy because their authority was only valid against enemies during time of war.

Who was the target for Oruc and his brother?

The Spanish.

In 1627, what regulation did Charles I place?

The banning of homosexuality with the punishment being the death sentence. Most accusations; however, never made it to trial.

Anne Pérotin-Dumon: The Pirate and the Emperor Power and the Law on the Seas. (1450-1850) What is the main focus of the reading?

The political significance of piracy and its repression. Piracy comes about from change in the political realm.

Why were Anne Bonney and Mary Read such a big deal?

They challenged social laws by ultimately disguising themselves as men (cross-dressed, swore, had swords and guns) in a time when women were thought to have no place on a ship.

If slaves were captured by pirates, what was their fate?

They either hurt their oppressors, joined the pirates, were kept as slaves, or set free.

What was the main purpose for Privateers, according to Starkey?

To earn profits. These acts were usually violent, but were however legal because they were sanctioned by the state.

Nadal: Corsaring as a Commercial System: The Edges of Legitimate Trade Main Points?

To explain corsairs in regards to the Mediterranean and Europe.

Rediker: Liberty Beneath the Jolly Roger: The Lives of Anne Bonny, and Mary Read, Pirates Main Points?

To explore the main topics of liberty, feminism, and empowerment in a time of piracy that was a 'man's job'.

What was the key idea?

To keep complicity between royal officials and foreign merchants within acceptable boundaries.

(T/F) In the 17th century, torture was an accepted method for keeping order

True.

(T/F) No individual pirates were able to reach the legendary status of the Barbarossa brothers after the mid 16th century.

True.

Who are Anne Bonny and Mary Read?

Two female pirates who proved that females could work just as hard as males in the pirate world.

For Mediterranean Corsairs, what were the two main reasons for them?

War and commerce. Without these there would really be no point for them.

When Bonney and Read got caught, what was their fate and why?

Were sentenced to life in prison instead of the death sentence because they were both found to be pregnant.

Mary Read was captured when she was on her way to the __________

West Indies.