plants: green factories

An annual plant bears fruit or flowers every year.

False

The facts of why onion cells produce an onion and not a walnut are well known to scientists.

False

The meristematic cells of a carrot could produce a tree or an elephant just as easily.

False

The root cap cells elongate and differentiate forming phloem and xylem.

False

A seed may be described as a packaged miniature factory.

True

Meristematic cells of different kinds of plants may look alike, but the DNA messages are different.

True

The basic functions of a multi-cellular plant such as a rose are also conducted by a unicellular alga.

True.

The cell communication system for chemical messages and materials is thought to be the membrane system known as endoplasmic reticulum.

True.

The statement "All tissue is made up of tiny units" is known as the

cell theory of life.

layers of cellulose outside the cell

cell wall

A remarkable fact about cells is:

cells are very different, yet have similar properties

The material which provides rigidity to cell walls

cellulose

The material which provides rigidity to cell walls is

cellulose.

Cells are analogous to a _______ factory. They utilize _______ to ________ and _________ organic substances.

chemical, energy, synthesize, decompose

Chloroplasts contain a green substance called

chlorophyll.

food-making body

chloroplast

The orange color of carrot roots and of marigold flowers comes from cell bodies known as

chromoplasts.

The threadlike objects in the nucleus are the ________ and carry the ________ of inheritance.

chromosomes, genes

Each tissue culture is a ________ of its preceding ancestors.

copy

The four main zones of a root tip are all of the following, except _____.

cotyledon

food supply, part of the embryo seed plant

cotyledon

Plant cells and animal cells both have _____

cytoplasm a plasma membrane a nucleus vacuoles

maturates, develops specialized function

differentiate

The inevitable process causing increase in in the universe and loss in useful energy is called entropy.

disorder

Chemical messages originate from:

dna

organic catalyst, helps to cause other reactions

enzyme

The four parts of a seed include all of the following, except _____.

epidermis

The protoplast consists of:

everything inside the cell membrane

Inherited physical traits are directly related to:

genes

Put the four stages of growth in order.

germination growth maturation death

which plastid belongs to each color

green: chloroplasts orange: Chromoplasts Colorless: leucoplasts

The number of chromosomes within each species of plant or animal:

is constant

The basic food of a plant is:

produced by chloroplasts

The basic food produced by a plant is:

produced by chloroplasts

ATP is a:

reactant yielding food molecules chemical associated with mitochondria a form of chemical energy

The number of chromosomes within each species of plant or animal:

reduced in half with reproduction

The transfer of information from the nucleus to organelles is accomplished by:

ribonucleic acid

A part of the plant cell that may contain crystals or poisons harmful to living protoplasm is the

vacuole.

The width of a tree increases through direct growth of the:

vascular cambium

xylem

wood

A plant cell can _________________ substances between its internal and external environment

selectively transfer

Although the following term is actually obsolete and somewhat misleading, the cell may still be referred to as a

simple cell

Potato tuber cells have leucoplasts which help

storage.

Cells are analogous to a chemical factory. They utilize energy to __________.

synthesize and decompose organic substances

The vascular cambium is one example of cells that are meristematic, that is, staying young or continuing to divide.

True

Intelligent design is shown in the intricate detail and complexity of microscopic organisms.

True.

One definition of life in a plant is an uninterrupted succession of cells.

True.

Plant cells are miniature factories that make thousands of chemical compounds for themselves and the whole world.

True.

Plant cells convert solar energy into chemical energy.

True.

operations conducted by the "cell factory."

duplicate itself interpret coded information selective exchange perform maintenance decompose chemicals synthesize chemicals convert energy

grass

monocot

The function of ribosomes is

to build protein.

food supply, not part of the embryo seed plant

endosperm

running down

entropy

DNA

(deoxyribonucleic acid). The chemical structure of genes which control inheritance.

nucleus

(pl. nuclei). The protoplasmic substance separate from the cytoplasm; the cell headquarters or information center; location of DNA and RNA; bodies found in the nucleus are chromosomes and the nucleolus.

RNA

(ribonucleic acid). A chemical important in taking blueprint messages from DNA of the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis instructions.

Trees get wider when the vascular cambium adds new phloem to the rings of wood inside.

False

A simple cell is a good description since most cells are so small and influence so little in life.

False.

What are three ways plant cells differ from animal and human cells?

- large vacuole - chloroplasts - cell wall

Four substances which could be found in the cell vacuoles are:

- mineral - sugar - protein - waste

ATP is a:

- product of decomposition of starch - chemical associated with mitochondria - a form of chemical energy

Between five and ten different types of cells are in the human body.

False.

1. absorption 2. support of leaves 3. food-making 4. seed production 5. seed dispersal

1. root 2. stem 3. leaf 4. flower 5. fruit

About how many cells does the human body have?

30(10^12)

vacuole

A cell storage body that increases in size with age; included within, but not a part of the cytoplasm; storage materials are often water and poisonous by-products of cell activities.

membrane

A protein and fat structure serving as a covering and enclosure for cells.

nucleolus

A smaller, darker body found in the nucleus; contains a concentration of RNA; associated with message transfer to the cytoplasm and cell division.

Cell activities are controlled by chemical messengers from the ribosomes.

False.

The bodies that break down food molecules to form RNA are the ribosomes.

False.

When was the first cell first identified and named?

Approximately 350 years ago

The main difference among plants is size--trees, shrubs, herbs.

False.

genes are made of this substance

DNA

A seed consists solely of a protected package of elements, nutrients and plant food requiring only water and solar energy.

False

Tiny chambers were first observed and described from microscope observations by a man named

Robert Hooke.

cell

The basic building block of all forms of life.

protoplast

The protoplasmic unit of a cell, usually made up of a nucleus and cytoplasm, but excluding a cell wall

cell wall

The rigid wall of plant cells that surrounds the cell membrane.

chromosome

The threadlike bodies apparent in the nucleus during certain phases of cell division; carries the genes or inheritance units of a cell; segments of DNA molecules.

chloroplast

The tiny body that contains chlorophyll; photosynthesis takes place in this part of the cell.

mitochondria

The tiny rod-shaped cell bodies where aerobic respiration occurs; the cell powerhouses.

ribosome

The tiny, dot-like bodies in the cytoplasm or part of the endoplasmic reticulum; important in protein synthesis.

plant that grows and dies in a year

annual

Old phloem cells become:

bark

Why is a cell analogous to an engineered watch?

because it consists of numerous interdependent subunits because coded information cannot arise from random processes

bean

dicot

youthful tissue (keeps growing)

meristem

five substances that can be found in the cell vacuoles

minerals sugars calcium oxalate anthocyanins dissolved proteins

body that releases energy from foods

mitochondria

A dicot may be expected to have:

netted veins vascular rings

The _________ is a dot or smaller dark body containing RNA in the nucleus.

nucleolus

cell headquarters

nucleus

Cells are divided into two major parts, the ________ and the ________

nucleus, cytoplasm

No lifeform, whether human or animal, could exsist on the earth without the process of ________________ which is unique to plants.

photosynthesis

Robert Hooke was an English ______________ who was the first man to describe plant cells.

physicist

A ______________ cell has a cell wall and a water vacuole to help maintain a rigid structure

plant

Explain what is meant by the statement, "Cells are very different, yet very similar."

there is not two of the same cell but they are made the same way so in that way they are different but similar

The two main functions of the Golgi body are _____.

to collect and package cell building materials and enzymes break down food molecules into energy secrete and store high-energy compounds produce energy by way of photosynthesis