PNBE Science

When using the gravity method of obtaining pressure for injecting arterial fluid, the embalmer can expect to receive approximately _____ pounds of pressure per foot of elevation above the point of injection.

1/2

if you have 20 oz of an 18 index fluid, how much 1% solution will result?

2.81 gallons

in a two gallon primary solution of 2%, what is the index of concentrated solution if 16 oz?

32%

you have 256 oz of solution in the tank with a concentration of 2%.

32%

what is the optimum temperature range for rigor mortis to occur

98-100 F

what is the administrative agency that requires employers to provide members of staff with

OSHA

which of the following are considered in the selection of the artery for injection and drainage?

accessibility, size, effect on posing the body

dyes that color tissues are called

active

is/are factors affecting the onset, duration, and passing of rigor

activity prior to death, cause and manner of death, temperature

the factors to be considered in selecting the artery to be injected are

age, weight, disease, and manner of death

Escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death is:

agonal edema

rigor mortis can have a negative effect on embalming by creating

all of the above

generalized edema is referred to as

anasarca

are chemicals which retard blood viscosity and which soften coagula

anticoagulants

are chemicals which retard the increase in viscosity of blood

anticoagulants

are used to maintain blood in a liquid state

anticoagulants

retard the tendency of blood to become more viscous by natural postmortem process

anticoagulants

is a condition in which the manifestations of life are weakly maintained

apparent death

Vascular embalming fluids are injected into the

arterial system

is a condition which predisposes intravascular difficulties

arteriosclerosis

which of the following is a name given to the accumulation of fluid in the abdomin

ascites

a 28 index fluid is classified as

astringent

which of the following is not an intrinsic factor to be considered in case analysis?

atmospheric conditions

Just behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle is the anatomical guide for the _____ artery

axillary

which of these sutures is the most commonly used

baseball stitch

the settling of the blood to the dependent parts of the body after death is known as

blood hypostasis

compounds of the human body decompose in order of

carbs, proteins, fats, bones

those pre-embalming consideration given to the human body are called

case analysis

hemolysis may influence the outcome of the embalming process becuase it

causes a stain

the linear guide for the brachial artery is from the _ to the _

center of the base of the axillary space, center of the inner bend of the elbow

which of the following is an example of intravascular resistance to fluid distribution?

coagula

which of the following terms best identifies bacteria that are spherical

cocci

from the sternocleidomastoid articulations to the anterior surface of the lobes of the ear is the

common carotid arteries

one would most likely use _ drainage technique for pre-injected remains

continuous

the irreversible cessation of all vital functions is

death

the name given to a onisse made by a moribund person is

death rattle

the passage of embalming ssolution through the capillary walls into the intracellular space

diffusion

once arterial fluid is injected into an edematous body, the fluid will be _ by the edema

diluted

is the destruction or inhibition of most pathogenic bacteria and their products

disinfection

the embalmer identifies which of the following signs of distribution

distention of superficial vessels, large volume of blood drainage, reduction of intravascular blood discoloration

which of the following suture patterns involves the use of two needles?

double intradermal stitch

are substances that when dissolved impart a definite color to a solvent

dyes

eosin belongs to a set of chemical compounds that are used as

dyes

germicides can be used in all of the following except

dyes

which of the following is the origin of the popliteal artery?

femoral artery

the pre embalming treatment for rigor mortis includes

flexing, massaging, rotating, extending

tends to stain tissues yellow, limiting its use to cavity fluids

glyoxal

which of the following instruments is used to obtain pressure for the injection of arterial fluids

hand pump

postmortem stain is an extravascular discoloration of the body due to

hemolysis

affect the moisture and firming of a dead body

humectants

which of the following is NOT one of the reasons water softeners or conditioners are used?

inactive saprophytic bacteria

to stimulate drainage during the embalming process the funeral practitioner can

increase injection pressure

Refers to the amount of formaldehyde, measured in grams, dissolved in 100ml of water

index

provides the force needed to overcome intravascular resistance

injection pressure

Mixed according to the manufacturers directions, actually draw edema from the tissue

inorganic salts

when utilizing _ drainage technique, the injection continues through out the embalming periods

intermittent

The ulnar artery lies along the ____ border of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

lateral

in cases of emaciation, the secondary dilution would be

less than usual

which discoloration can be removed by venous drainage?

livor mortis

which of the following are components of a jaundice fluid

low index, reducing agents, bleaching agents

which of the following is not a complication of an edematous body?

low moisture content

which of the following treatments should be used when intravascular difficulties are manifested?

low pressure, slow rate of flow

Influence the chemical reactions produced by the preservative solution & function in embalming fluids to control the action of the main preservative agents.

modifying agents

is the physiological or natural death of cells as they complete their life cycle

necrobiosis

the name given to the instrument used for mouth closure which employs wires attached to the lower jaw is

needle injector

the epicranial aponeurosis is the tendon of which of the following muscles

occipitofrontalis

is a white, powdery solid containing from 85 to 99% formaldehyde

paraformaldehyde

which of the following is a disinfectant and preservative found in hardening compounds?

paraformaldehyde

an organism capable of causing a disease is

pathogen

if the lips will not close during the embalming process, they may be held by

petroleum jelly and aron alpha

is also known as carbolic acid and is mainly used in cavity fluid

phenol

the elevation in body temperature following death is best described as

postmortem caloricity

which of the following is a term used to refer to the after-death necropsy of the organs?

postmortem examination

which of the following characteristics of livor mortis?

postmortem physical change, intravascular discoloration CLEARED with fluid distribution, hypostasis in dependent areas of the body, often appears deep red or blue-black

the needle gauge of the embalming machine indicates the _ presssure when the flow is off

potential

the pressure set with the rate of flow valve closed is called_ and when the valve is open is called

potential pressure, actual pressure

inactive saprophytic bacteria by making nutritional medium unsuitable and arresting lysisn

preservatives

a method of stimulating drainage iss

pressure, massage, and instruments

pre embalming case analysis occurs _ to embalming process

prior to

the term _ is used to refer to the decomposition of proteins by the action of anaerobic bacteria

putrefaction

is/are used chiefly for germicidal and deodorizing qualities in cold sterilization of instruments

quaternary ammonia compound

tularemia is caused by

rabbits

the anatomical guide for the _ artery is the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis

radial

the asscending colon is found in the _ region

right lumbar

lymphatic fluid from the right arm, the right half of the head, and the right side of the chest

right lymphatic duct

inflammation of the fallopian tube is

salpingitis

the _ odor, purge, and skin slip

signs of decomposition

the cooling of the body of a corpulent person would be

slower than usual

causes skin abscesses and is commonly associated with the nosocomial infections resulting from MRSA

staphylococcus oureus

the common carotid arteries terminate atg the level of the

sternoclavicular articulation

purge is characterized by the foul odor with coffee ground appearance

stomach purge

Are inhected for purposes other than the preservation and disinfection

supplemental fluid

a _ is the component of arterial fluid which is designed to decrease the molecular cohesion

surfactant

the embalmer identifies which of the following as signs of diffusion?

tissue fixation, drying of tissues

the layers of the arteries and veins are known as_ which means _

tunicas, coats

How far above the injection site would the bottom of the gravity injector need to be?

two feet

On the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the

ulnar artery

of the following __ is considered an expert test for death

use of a stethoscope

the co-injection fluids are used

with arterial solutions

an unembalmed jaundice case is best described by which of the following

yellow