Pocket Prep Question Pool

what is the formula for glycemic load?

(GI x grams of carb per serving)/ 100

What body fat percentage would be classified as average for a female?

25%

What is the best test to use for measuring maximum speed?

40 yard sprint

Once a sufficient amount of acetylcholine is released from the nerve terminal, what principle can begin to occur?

All or non principle

when an older person starts to use less of their available ROM, what condition may occur?

Fibrosis

Which of the following are common PNF stretching that can be performed with a partner?

Quadriceps and hip flexors

what role does the trapezius play during a barbell shrug?

agonist

What does the p-wave represent?

atrial depolarization

Which of the following exercise combinations, performed back to back, would allow for the greatest amount of recovery per muscle group between sets?

back squats and chin-ups

the ability to maintain stationary and moving equilibrium or the ability to maintain the body's center of gravity over its base of support?

balance

A movement that involves active muscular effort and uses a bouncing-type motion in which the end position is not held is known as what?

ballistic stretch

Mike is stretching his hamstrings by performing sitting toe touches. He reaches quickly toward his ankles and bounces back to vertical position. What type of stretch is he performing?

ballistic stretch

Which of the following statements regarding spotting is true?

before beginning a set, the athlete should inform the spotter how many repetitions will be performed

When is the appropriate time to perform a skinfold measurement on an athlete?

before exercise

where should the marker be placed in relation to the athlete's feet in the standing long jump test?

behind the heel that is the farthest back upon landing

Which of the following is a common exercise that can utilize chains?

bench press

A bodybuilder is attempting to increase the size of his pectoralis major. Which of the following would be a core exercise?

bench press, bench fly

During the concentric phase of which movement does the middle portion of the trapezius act as a synergist?

bent-over barbell row

What type of performance enhancement substance is used to gain an ergogenic benefit by reducing anxiety and tremors during performance?

beta blockers

What is the series of reactions in which free fatty acids are broken down, resulting in the formation of Acetyl-CoA and hydrogen protons?

beta oxidation

for the start position in a right-handed one-arm dumbbell snatch, where should you place the dumbbell?

between the feet

When does the transition phase occur in the power snatch?

between the first and second pull

In a bent-over row, the athlete should use what type of grip?

closed, pronated grip

What grip should be used to perform the barbell wrist extension exercise?

closed, pronated grip

evidenced by high positive correlation between results of the test being assessed and those of the recognized measure of the construct (gold standard)

convergent validity

Which of the following is the most appropriate to be utilized as a core exercise in the off-season of a collegiate volleyball player?

deadlift

ventricular relaxation

diastole

During maximal velocity (top-speed) sprinting, what is the action that occurs in the ankle in the early support phase to absorb force?

eccentric plantar flexion

Which movement of the neck involves lifting the head away from the chest?

extension

Using a weighted sled in training involves what type of force?

friction

which muscle is the primary plantar flexor

gastrocnemius

which of the following is an example of a dynamic stretch?

inchworm

During a training block with an emphasis of improving acceleration ability, which of the following training options would support the training focus?

incline sprinting

Physiological training adaptations are specific to which of the following training variables in an aerobic endurance training program?

intensity

which head of the deltoid is not involved in creating the movement of an overhead press?

posterior

what term describes how many motor units are involved in a contraction

recruitment

Which exercise involves a quick and forceful pull of the bar from the floor to over the head in one movement?

snatch

Which of the following are appropriate stretches for the adductor brevis, adductor longus, and adductor magnus?

straddle and butterfly

An athlete is performing the bench press for four sets of four repetitions. Which of the following is most likely their training goal?

strength

ventricular contraction

systole

Where is the muscle that flexes the elbow located?

the front of the arm

What is the primary task of a feasibility study when designing a new weight room?

to analyze strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

What is the goal of consuming fluids a few hours before beginning exercise?

to avoid dehydration during exercise

What is the most fundamental goal of a strength and conditioning facility?

to improve performance and increase injury resistance

why do sedentary, healthy adults require dietary proteins/amino acids to maintain good health?

to maintain cellular structure and function

If caloric intake is adequate and two-thirds or more of the protein is from animal sources, what is the daily recommended protein intake for adults?

0.8 to 1.0 g/kg of body weight per day for both men and women

Which of the following tests would be the least recommended for a young athlete with little training experience?

1 rep max back squat

According to the MyPlate guidelines, how many eggs are equal to the "one ounce equivalent" of a protein food?

1 whole egg

In the starting position for the deadlift, where should the bar be in relation to the shins?

1" in front of the shins

How many strength and conditioning professionals should there be per junior high athlete?

1-10

What set and rep ranges are recommended for a beginning resistance training program for youth?

1-3 sets of 6-15 repetitions

Performance-enhancing substances can be classified into two categories:

1. Hormones and synthesized drugs acting like hormones 2. Dietary substances

what is the recommended protein requirement for an aerobic athlete?

1.0 to 1.6 g/kg body weight

What is the minimum recommended daily amount of protein for an athlete competing in the sport or rowing?

1.4 to 1.7 g/kg/day

Dylan lost 2.5 pounds during his first lacrosse game in a tournament and needs to play again in a few hours. How much fluid does he need to consume to rehydrate and be prepared for the next game?

1.5 liters; aggressive fluid replacement, recommendation is 1.5 liters for every kilogram of body weight lost

Which of the following tests has the highest degree of specificity for a cross-country runner?

1.5 mile run

Which of the following tests should be completed last during a testing battery?

1.5 mile run

when using PNF stretching with a client, you should perform a pre-stretch. How long should you hold this pre-stretch?

10 seconds

A 115-pound (61 kg) female athlete has an average daily nutrient intake of 325 grams of carbohydrate, 55 grams of protein and 75 grams of fat. Approximately what percent of her total caloric intake is protein?

10%

The general macronutrient guidelines, provided by the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, suggest keeping saturated fat intake below what percentage of total calories?

10%

What is the standard recommended load increase per set for a lower body exercise when conducting 1RM testing?

10-20%

An athlete has trained with multiple methods, including plyometrics, for the last six months. How many foot contacts would be appropriate for this athlete per session?

100

When testing for maximum speed, what is the farthest distance coaches should have their athletes spring?

100 meters

Greg is a collegiate football linebacker who weighs 231 lbs. Based on the sport-specific protein recommendations, how much protein should he consume daily?

105-210 grams Greg weighs 231 lbs, which is about 105 kilograms. Therefore this athlete should consume 105 to 210 grams of protein each day. 105 kg x 1.0 grams/kg = 105 grams 105 kg x 2.0 grams/kg = 210 grams

When placing a wheelchair ramp as your strength and conditioning facility, how many inches should the ramp run horizontally for every 1 inch rise?

12 inches

What is the recommended ceiling height in a facility where athletes will perform plyometric training and olympic lifting?

12-14 feet

If a banana has a glycemic index (GI) rating of 51 and has 25 grams of carbohydrates per serving, what is the glycemic load (GL)?

13

When testing body composition, what is the desired body fat percent range for a 21 year old female downhill skier?

15 to 20 %

when testing body composition, what is the desired body fat percentage range for a 21 year old female downhill skier?

15 to 20%

About what percentage of the body's protein makes up tissues such as the skin and blood?

15%

When testing body composition, what is the desired body fat percent range for a 21-year-old female downhill skier

15-20%

what is the recommended time to hold a static stretch?

15-30 seconds

Based on activity levels of female athletes, what is the recommendation of caloric intake in light, moderate, and heavily active?

16, 17, 20

How many kcal/lb would a light activity level male and heavy activity level male need per day?

17, 23

How many calories per day would a moderately active male athlete need?

19 kcal/lb

An athlete is lying prone on a bench and is instructed to pull a barbell from the floor to his lower chest, ultimately finding their 1RM. What test is being performed?

1RM bench pull

If an athlete can perform two or more repetitions over their assigned repetition goal for a given exercise in the last set in two consecutive workouts, what rule should be applied?

2 for 2 rule

Athletes are performing their attempts at the 1RM bench press. What is the minimum amount of the time that should be given between attempts?

2 to 4 minutes

At what percentage of body water loss (dehydration) does athletic performance begin to diminish?

2%

What percentage loss of body water can have an impact during training and competition?

2%

A female collegiate basketball player is five nine and weighs 140 lbs. How many calories should she consume per day?

2,800 kcal (female basketball athletes should consume about 20 kcal/lb)

How many curl-ups are performed per minute in the partial curl-up test?

20

During speed testing what is the minimum distance needed beyond the finish line to allow for deceleration?

20 yards

Simon, a football linebacker who weighs 250 pounds, has consulted with a nutritionist, who recommended that he follow a nutritional plan for weight loss. How much protein would be recommended for him to consume daily during this plan?

204 to 306 grams; lose body fat is 1.8 to 2.7 g of protein per kilogram of body weight each day

How much kcal/pound should a basketball athlete consume?

20kcal/pound for females, 23 kcal/pound for males

How many vertebrae are there in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and fused sacral secretions of the spine?

29

The muscle group that is primarily responsible for flexing the knee is comprised of how many muscles?

3

If there are three teams of 20 athletes all scheduled to be in a collegiate weight room at the same time, what is the minimum number of strength and conditioning professionals that should be present for instruction and supervision?

3 (ratio for college is 1 to 20, children is 1-10)

If an athlete performs multiple attempts of a maximum effort test, what is the minimum amount of time that should be provided between attempts for sufficient rest?

3 minutes

How long does it take to perform the maximum number of repetitions on the partial curl-up test?

3 minutes and 45 seconds

Cara is a high jumper. She is following a pre-season program focused on building her explosive power. Her 1RM in the power clean is 180 lbs. Which of the following would represent an appropriate training intensity and volume for the power clean during this phase of training?

3 sets of 2 reps with 155 lbs

How many steps should an athlete take to stop when performing a deceleration drill at half-speed?

3 steps

In a facility that will utilize spotters, how much room should be provided between racks to allow sufficient space for spotting?

3 to 4 feet

how far apart should racks and platforms be from each other?

3 to 4 feet

What is the most effective dose and timing of caffeine to improve performance during endurance exercise?

3 to 9 mg/kg of body weight ingested one hour before training

Chris is an ironman triathlete and is performing some speed interval training. He is performing 60 second work intervals at about 65% of his max power. what is his recommended rest time?

3-4 minutes

What is the oil allowance per day?

3-7 teaspoons

During prolonged aerobic endurance activity, athletes should consume how much mixture of carbohydrates per hour?

30 to 90 grams of multiple types of carbohydrates

What is the dietary reference intake of fiber for men?

30-38 grams

what is the dietary reference intake (DRI) for fiber in men?

30-38 grams

General fiber recommendations are

30-38 grams per day for men 21-29 grams per day for women

During an event such as a marathon, athletes should consume how many grams of carbohydrates?

30-90 grams of multiple types of carbohydrates each hour

A hockey coach suspects that the athletes lack endurance during a game. which of the following tests would provide the most insight into this suspicion?

300-yard shuttle

If an athlete performs three sets of 10 reps at 100 pounds of bench press, what is the training volume-load for this movement?

3000 lbs

For safety reasons, what should be the minimum width for walkways between equipment?

36 inches

When designing a strength and conditioning facility, how much space needs to be allotted between the ends of the bars at adjacent free weight stations?

36 inches

for safety reasons, what should be the minimum width for walkways between equipment?

36 inches

Max is a shot put athlete who is in a pre-season training phase. His workout involves four sets of 5 repetitions in the back squat at 85% of his 1RM. How much interset rest would be appropriate?

4 minutes

Which of the following set and rep schemes would be recommended to train for hypertrophy?

4 sets of 8 reps

when using the stair stepper for aerobic endurance, the depth of each step is determined by the user. What is the recommended step depth?

4-8"

when an athlete performs the T-test what is the total distance covered during an attempt?

40 yards

what is the safest maximum height recommended for performing depth jumps?

42"

After training, muscles are more sensitive to amino acids. Up to how long does this last?

48 hours

How much recovery time should be planned between plyometric training sessions?

48-72 hours

How much space should be designated for stretching and warm-up drills within a strength and conditioning facility?

49 square feet

When estimating 1RM for power exercises, what is the maximum number of repetitions one can use for an accurate estimation?

5

What is the daily recommended carbohydrate intake for strength and power athletes?

5 to 6 grams per kilogram of body weight

An athlete with no previous experience is completing his third week of training. When he is ready to increase his training weight on the back squat, what would be the appropriate weight increase?

5-10 lbs (beginner), if he was experienced 10-15 lbs

What is the estimated load increase for upper body exercises for a larger, stronger, and more fully trained athlete?

5-10 lbs or more

What is recommended daily intake of carbohydrates for an endurance athlete who weighs 145 pounds?

528-660 grams

What is the recommended box height for someone performing the single-leg push-off box drill for the first time?

6"

What is recommended box height for someone performing the single leg push off box drill for the first time?

6'

Amy, a 30 year old aerobic endurance athlete, is running a marathon that starts at 8:00 am. She consumes her pre-competition meal at 6 am. If she weighs 132 lbs, how many grams of carbs should she consume at this meal?

60 grams (two hour before=1 g per kg BW; within one hour= 0.5g per kg; at least four hours=between 1 and 4g per kg)

When running at top speed, deceleration and stopping should occur within

7 steps

Which of the following could be an appropriate load assignment for the assistance exercises in a training program focused on building maximal strength?

70-80% of the 1 RM

Weightlifting based movements such as the power clean and power snatch are great choices for developing power and rate of force development. What are the recommended training percentages that should be used to optimize power generation with these movements?

75-90% of the 1RM (lower end of range for multiple effort power athletes, higher end of range for single effort power athletes-sprints, jumps)

Kari is a cross-country athlete and has just finished a two-hour training session. If Kari weighs 115 lbs (52 kg), how many carbohydrates should Kari consume within 30 minutes of completing her training in order to support glycogen resynthesis and the replenishment of glycogen stores?

78 grams (1.5 times bodyweight)

The design team for a new 4800 square foot strength and conditioning facility has decided to include fans to help with circulation. Which of the following would be the minimum number of fans recommended for a facility of this size?

8

What is the area covered by an olympic platform?

8 ft wide, with 4 ft of walking space needed on every side

Aerobic endurance athletes training for 90 minutes or more each day should consume how many grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight per day?

8 to 10 grams

What is the recommended daily carbohydrate intake for aerobic endurance athletes?

8 to 10 grams per kilogram of body weight

What is the recommended daily intake of carbohydrates for an endurance athlete?

8-10 g per kg body weight

An athlete is entering the carbohydrate-loading phase. How many grams per kilogram of body weight must the athlete costume per day of the loading phase?

8-10 grams

A group of ten athletes performed a vertical jump test and received scores of 28, 29.5, 24, 30, 27, 28, 32.5, 30.5, 26, and 27 inches. What is the range of this group of scores?

8.5

what is the minimum number of stair steps needed to set up the Margaria-Kalamen test?

9

When curling a dumbbell, the most muscular torque occurs when the elbow is flexed to which angle?

90 degrees

when initiating the flight phase of the alternating bound, what is the recommended angle of the front knee?

90 degrees

To optimize high-intensity interval training for athletes, the work intervals should be completed above what percentage of VO2 max?

90%

The goal of a pre-competition meal for an endurance athlete is to maintain blood glucose and stored glycogen and prevent hunger. What should this meal consist of the help achieve this goal?

A meal that is low in fat, high in carbohydrates, and moderate in protein

What staff member is responsible for overseeing the entire program, the facility, its staff and equipment, and for administrative duties such as budget and proposal preparation and purchase of equipment?

A strength and conditioning director

Before the electrical signal of the heart travels from the atria to the ventricles, it is delayed in what region?

AV node

An athlete is performing a high-intensity exercise that lasts between 10 and 20 seconds. Which of the following energy pathways will contribute to ATP production?

Anaerobic (fast) glycolysis and the phosphagen system

Girth measurements of the upper arm should be taken with the arm in what position?

Arm straight, abducted to shoulder height with the palm supinated

By the end of the first pull of the power clean, where should the bar be located?

At the knees

A vegetarian athlete that does not consume any animal products might be deficient in which vitamin?

B12

Michael is going to be a sophomore in a collegiate football program. The head coach wants him to put on some size during the off-season. Michael's 1RM bench press is 315 lbs and his 1RM back squat is 430 lbs. Which of the following recommendations would be appropriate for this phase of training for Michael?

Back squat 4x10 with 320lbs; Bench press 4x10 with 240 lbs

Due to its structure, what type of synovial joint allows for the greatest range of motion (ROM)?

Ball-and-socket

Which of the following pieces of equipment are most appropriate for performing the bench press and the forward step lunge?

Barbells or dumbells

Which of the following is not a method to regulate aerobic intensity?

Blood pressure

What are three types of criterion-referenced validity?

Concurrent, predictive, and discriminant

measures how well an expert believes that a test represents the appropriate characteristics that need to be tested for a specific individual or sport

Content validity

What are two gold standards for measuring body composition?

DEXA scan and hydrostatic weighing

A female amenorrheic athlete is a vegetarian who has been instructed by a medical professional to increase her calcium intake. However, she dislikes supplements and dairy foods. Which of the following foods would help this athlete consume increased amounts of calcium?

Dark leafy vegetables, broccoli, and soybeans

You, as the strength and conditioning specialist, are preparing a schedule. When would it be appropriate to schedule high-intensity upper body plyometric training?

Days that have low-intensity lower body resistance training

How does a low protein diet affect calcium absorption?

Decreases calcium absorption

After a two week vacation, your athlete lost muscular endurance that was achieved through months of training. What is this called?

Detraining

Which of the following statements about dynamic stretches is false?

Dynamic and ballistic stretches describe the same type of stretching

What is conducted as the second step in the predesign phase and includes things such as a SWOT analysis to determine if the facility is a feasible option

Feasibility study

Which of the following groups of exercises would be good movement-specific exercise choices for a tennis player?

Flat bench dumbbell fly, lunge, bent-over lateral raise

which, if any, of the following statements about Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) is false?

GTOs are not affected by increases in muscle tension

during muscle contraction, which of the following areas within a sarcomere decreases in length and eventually disappears at full contraction?

H-zone

Methods that have been shown to increase serum testosterone include:

Heavy resistance (over 85% 1RM) Moderate to high training volumes Short rest periods (under 60 seconds) Increased experience levels Using exercises that recruit and target large muscle groups

In which of the following scenarios, performed chronically, is overtraining likely to occur?

High volume, high frequency training program with little rest

Which two PNF stretches are similar in their first two phases?

Hold-relax, and hold-relax with agonist contraction

Which of the following banned substances is not detected in a urine test but is detected in a blood test?

Human growth hormone (HGH)

lack of consistent scores by a given tester

Intrarater variability

Why is using the Karovonen method of assigning heart rate training zones limited in its practical application?

It does not provide information regarding the lactate threshold

What vitamin is fat soluble?

K

what performance-enhancing substance is responsible for the transport of fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochodria to be oxidized as energy?

L-carnitine

Aaron is a 20-year-old DI basketball athlete. Based on the following testing results, which area probably needs the most attention? 1RM bench press: 240 lbs 1RM back squat: 300 lbs 1RM power clean: 200 lbs

Maximal power

Megan is about to start the downward phase of a back squat. This is her position: The bar is above her posterior deltoids and across her upper trapezius Her torso is neutral Her elbows are reaching back and up Her feet are hip-width apart, with her toes slightly turned out Her feet are flat on the ground Her head is slightly up Is this the correct position to begin the downward phase? If not, what should change?

Megan's feet should be wider; at least shoulder-width apart if not wider

Which of the following statements about MyPlate is false?

MyPlate includes oils as a food group

How long should the second transition last? This is also known as the post-season or active rest period.

No more than 4 weeks

To what depth should the dip be performed during the dip phase of the log clean and press?

No more than a quarter squat

What are the LDL classifications?

Optimal <100 borderline high: 130-159 high: 160-189 very high: >190

Alison is helping Kate stretch by first moving and holding her leg into a stretched position for 10 seconds. Then, Alison tells Kate to hold her leg in position while Alison pushes harder. What type of stretching are Alison and Kate performing?

PNF stretching

Which muscle is directly targeted during the pec-deck?

Pectoralis Major

Which of the following must occur in order to increase muscle mass and body weight?

Positive caloric balance

A strength and conditioning coach is trying to decrease their exposure to liability within their setting. What practices will aid them in this goal?

Require pre-participation screenings by a medical professional, regularly inspect, clean and repair equipment

When an athlete chooses to react to high arousal levels with excitement and anticipation, rather than with fear and worry, what theory does this describe?

Reversal theory

Maintaining a professional strength and conditioning certification through continuing education helps with what aspect of legal liability?

Risk management

the pulse of the heart initiates as what node and is delayed at what node?

SA node, AV node

Ben thinks he may require assistance during the last rep of his bench press, and he asks Dave to help him. Which of the following is not true of Dave's responsibility as a spotter?

Spotters never need to handle the entire load when assisting an athlete to complete a repetition

The crouch starting position is used during the performance of many sprint drills, including sprinting on an incline. where should the feet be placed when starting in the crouched position?

The back foot should be 1-2 lengths behind the front foot

lactate threshold

The point during exercise of increasing intensity at which blood lactate begins to accumulate above resting levels, where lactate clearance is no longer able to keep up with lactate production.

What is the recommended method for selecting a seat height when using a stationary bike?

The seat should be set to that the bottom leg is bent to 25-30 degrees when pedaling

Which of the following is a false statement regarding resistance training for prepubescent boys and girls?

The strength gains seen in prepubescent boys and girls are mostly a result of hypertrophic changes

Two different coaches timed all of the athletes in the pro-agility test. The time recorded for each athlete was significantly different between the two coaches. Which of the following conclusions best suits this situation?

The test results are unreliable because of a lack of interrater reliability

Why is rapid weight loss for athletes hard on the body?

They may lose lean body mass and feel fatiqued

what is the purpose of administering a test in the middle of a training program?

To determine an athlete's progress and, if necessary, to modify the program to maximize its benefits

Why might circuit training be implemented into a training program?

To improve cardiorespiratory endurance

what is the role of the diaphragm and deep abdominal muscles during maximum effort squats?

To increase intra-abdominal pressure

A nutritionist suspects that an athlete's diet is lacking in fiber. What are the consequences of this type of inadequacy in diet?

Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, colon cancer, and constipation

How can strength and conditioning professionals assist in the injury rehabilitation process for athletes?

Understand and address the risk factors for injury and reinjury

How much recovery time is allowed for muscular endurance resistance exercises?

Up to 30 seconds

Which of the following is a commonly used test to measure aerobic capacity?

Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test

Which of the following is a comparison of an individual's testing results to the group average?

Z-score

How are macrocycles and mesocycles often characterized within the periodization model?

a macrocycle is an annual training plan, and a mesocycle is a monthly training plan

It may be appropriate to use which of the following during exercises that place stress on the lower back or during sets using near-maximal or maximal loads?

a weight belt

During the dumbbell lateral raise exercise, what action are the arms performing?

abduction

Discriminant validity

ability of testing to isolate and, therefore, test different performance qualities. This influences test selection and prevents overlap between different tests while preserving time and energy

What is the description of linear speed?

ability to move the body in one intended direction as quickly as possible

An athlete who just completed a cross-country race lost two pounds during the competition. How much water should be consumed to replace the fluids that were lost?

about 1.5 liters

An athlete who just completed a cross country race lost two pounds during the competition. How much water should be consumed to replace the fluids that were lost?

about 1.5 liters (1.5 liters per kg lost)

what are characteristics of the ideal performance state?

absence of fear performance not being analyzed super focused attention feel like actions are effortless increased sense of personal control time seems as if it slows down

How does stimulation of the sympathetic system affect the conduction system of the heart?

accelerates SA node depolarization

Increasing speed from the start through the first few meters describes what phase of sprinting?

acceleration

A previously untrained 23-year-old female has the following initial testing results: Partial curl-up: 15 Push-up: 4 Sit and reach: 15 inches 1.5-mile run: 13:10 Which of the following parameters will not need to be addressed in her training program?

aerobic energy system capabilities

when designing a strength and conditioning facility, where are the tallest pieces of equipment most effectively placed?

against the walls

What is sarcopenia?

age-related decline in strength and muscle mass

What is the main action involved when performing the A-skip speed drill?

aggressive leg drive down

During a barbell bent-over row, the latissimus dorsi is known as which muscle?

agonist

Phase of GAS the describes the initial physiological response when a new or more intense stress is place on the body

alarm

after a hard training session, an athlete observes a decrease in her vertical jump height. Which phase of the adaptive process is she experiencing?

alarm

What grip should be used to spot the bench press?

alternated grip

Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in which portion of the lungs?

alveoli

Protein quality is measured based on what two things?

amino acid availability and how much nitrogen is absorbed in digestion

what are the nitrogen-containing molecules that are the smallest building block fro proteins in the body?

amino acids

Protein quality is based on what two things?

amino acids available in a food, how much nitrogen is absorbed when the food is digested

Dietary reference intakes (dRIs) provide an understanding of what piece of information that is used to determine an athlete's food recommendations?

an athlete's basic nutritional requirements

which of the following describes the phosphagen system?

anaerobic alactic system

Which of the following describes the glycolytic pathway?

anaerobic lactic system (production of lactic acid from production of ATP)

The windgate test would be valid for measuring which of the following parameters of athletic performance?

anaerobic or maximum muscular power

During a straight bar triceps push-down, the biceps brachii acts as what type of muscle?

antagonist

The tibialis anterior is considered which type of muscle during a calf press exercise?

antagonist

The seated barbell shoulder press is used to strengthen which of the

anterior and medial deltoids

The seated barbell shoulder press is used to strengthen which of the following muscles?

anterior and medial deltoids

Excessive knee valgus can lead to an increased risk of injury to which of the following structures?

anterior cruciate ligament

Which endocrine gland secretes growth hormone?

anterior pituitary gland

The scientific study of measurements of the human body, including measurements of height, weight, and body girth is known as:

anthropometry

state of negative arousal that is often connected to worry, apprehension, or fear

anxiety

What is the blend of physiological and psychological activation in an individual that refers to the intensity of motivation at any given moment?

arousal

Willingly participating in a strength and conditioning program always involves which of the following for athletes?

assumption of risk

What describes a set of individual results on a group of tests designed to measure sports-specific abilities that are important for performance in a sport or a particular position in a sport?

athletic profile

What is hidden by the QRS complex?

atrial repolarization

When contract-relax stretching is being applied, which characteristic of the neuromuscular system is allowing for a greater range of motion?

autogenic inhibition

refers to a reduction in excitability of a contracting or stretched muscle

autogenic inhibition (GTO)

Which of the following is the largest contributor to daily energy expenditure?

basal metabolic rate

What does calcium do when released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

binds with troponin causing tropomyosin (on actin filaments) to shift, uncovering actin heads so they can connect with myosin filaments

The flow of energy in a biological system; the conversion of macronutrients into biologically usable forms of energy

bioenergetics

What is not a method to regulate aerobic intensity?

blood pressure

How should the weightlifting racks be secured to increase safety?

bolt the rack to the floor

what are two ergogenic aids that result in increased protein synthesis?

branched-chain amino acids and testosterone

In what manner should a strength and conditioning facility be organized in order to achieve functionality and the best appearance?

by equipment type

which of the following substances will increase the effectiveness of ephedrine?

caffeine

David decides to have an ice cream cone after practice. While not the healthiest of choices, it does contain which mineral responsible for the development of strong bones?

calcium

Which combination of micronutrients has been shown to be effective in improving bone strength in the elderly population?

calcium and vitamin D

What occurs when a muscle enters the relaxation phase of muscular contraction?

calcium moves into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following macronutrients can provide energy for the body at the highest rate?

carbohydrates

Macronutrients

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

When compared to carboydrates, fatty acid chains contain a higher ration of which two molecules relative to oxygen?

carbon and hydrogen

what phase of the snatch does this describe: once the bar is overhead, hands are rotated around the bar while the body is pulled under the bar in order to catch it at arm's length overhead while in a quarter squat position

catch

Which type of hormone is secreted when in a "fight-or-flight" mode and is responsible for functions such as increased muscle contraction rate, increased force production, and increased metabolic enzyme activity?

catecholamines

what effect does a meal with a high glycemic index rating have on a females athlete's body?

causes a rapid rise in blood glucose and insulin

Muscle spindles are sensitive to changes in which of the following?

changes in muscle length

what is the ACSM standard for a pushup for males?

chest should touch the ground (females should touch a 4 in foam roller)

Performing one set each of push-ups, lunges, sit-ups, biceps curls, and triceps press-downs sequentially with small rest periods before repeating is an example of which type of training?

circuit training

Which method of resistance training is sometimes used to improve cardiorespiratory endurance?

circuit training

Where should the hands be at the top of the squat jump?

clasped behind the head

During what period of time will the athlete's goal be to attain peak strength and power via additional increases in training intensity, while further decreasing training volume?

competition period

A superset that involves a back squat immediately followed by cycled split squat jumps is an example of which of the following types of training?

complex training

Designing a training program in which an athlete performs one set of shoulder presses immediately followed by one set of lateral raises, and repeats this pattern for multiple sets is using what type of training method?

compound sets

The z-lines move closer to one another due to which muscle action

concentric

What is the name of the muscle action that shortens the length of a muscle?

concentric muscle action

extent to which test scores are associated with those of other accepted tests that measure the same ability

concurrent validity

Four types of criterion-referenced validity

concurrent, convergent, predictive, and discriminant

when designing a training program, what is the first priority?

conducting a needs analysis of the athlete's sport

When someone experiences chronic tachycardia, which structure of the heart is most likely compromised?

conduction system

Ability of a test to represent the underlying construct or the extent to which the test actually measures what it was designed to

construct validity

What is the most important type of validity to be considered when evaluating the quality of a test?

construct validity

describes how well a test actually measures the specific characteristic that it is designed to measure

construct validity

assessment by experts that the testing covers all relevant subtopics or component abilities in appropriate proportions

content validity

Using the hamstring stretch as an example, which PNF technique begins with the same first step as the hold relax, but then is followed by a concentric muscle action of the hamstring through a full ROM against resistance that is applied by a partner?

contract-relax technique

A medical reason for making a particular activity or practice inadvisable or prohibited due to a given injury is known as what?

contraindication

What type of exercises recruits one or more large muscle areas, involves two or more primary joints and takes priority when choosing exercises that are applicable to a particular sport?

core exercises

Which exercise type is typically multi-joint and transfers directly to sport-specific movements

core exercises

involve two or more primary joints

core exercises

What is not considered a high-quality protein?

corn

What hormone stimulates the catabolism of amino acids to carbohydrates?

cortisol

The standing long jump test uses what type of jump?

countermovement

When performing the push-up local endurance test according to the US Army protocol, how is the test scored?

counting the number of repetitions performed in 2 minutes

An athlete is performing a high-intensity strength training session with one to two minute rests between sets. Which of the following energy substrates is most likely to become depleted, leading to fatigue?

creatine phosphate

measure of how well one test produces similar results with another test that measure the same construct

criterion-referenced validity

Athletes who compete in which of the following sports have typical body fat percentages that are classified as extremely lean?

cross country

You, as the strength and conditioning specialist, are preparing a schedule. When would it be appropriate to schedule high-intensity upper body plyometric training?

days that have low-intensity lower body resistance training

In hopes of aiding in the development of braking ability, an athlete should incorporate what specific drills?

decleration drills

An athlete performs two sets of squat jumps. During the first set, she prepares for the jump with a counter movement and then immediately jumps. During the second set, instead of performing a countermovement, she holds a static squatting position for a few seconds before the jump. What change is likely to occur from set one to set two?

decrease in jump height

What happens to the recommended carbohydrate intake for an aerobic endurance athlete when the pre-competition meal is consumed closer to the start of the competition (less than one hour) compared to one consumed over two hours prior to competition?

decreases

What are the three stages of iron loss?

depletion, marginal deficiency, anemia

Which of the following types of plyometric drills has the highest intensity?

depth jumps

which of the following should not be included in a plyometric program for adolescents?

depth jumps (high intensity plyometric drills not recommended for adolescents due to the epiphyseal plates of their bones being open)

program policy

describes a facility rule or regulation

Program goal

describes the desired outcome for a program

summary of all the data collected for a group

descriptive statistics

What is the first thing a nutrition professional should do when providing an athlete with nutritional counseling?

determine the athlete's goals

What do you call the partial or complete loss of training-induced adaptations in response to an insufficient training stimulus?

detraining

Which of the following statements about the design phase is false?

development of the master plan is one of the steps in the design phase

What is defined as the difference between an athlete's testing score at the beginning and at the end of a training period?

difference score

During the maximum velocity phase of a sprint, where should the shoulders be in relation to the hips?

directly above the hips

when pulling weight from the floor in a deadlift, where should the shoulders be in relation to the bar?

directly over or slightly in front

During the lunge walk dynamic stretch, where should the front knee be in relation to the foot at the bottom of the lunge?

directly over the foot

Where should the foot strike the ground in relation to the hips when running?

directly under the hips

ability of a test to distinguish between two different constructs and is evidenced by a low correlation between the result of the test and those of tests of a different construct

discriminant validity

If an athlete has previously received both a verbal warning and a one-day dismissal from the facility, what might be an appropriate disciplinary action if the offense is repeated?

dismissal from the facility for one week, documentation of the offense by a staff member, and notification of the athlete's sport coach

Stress can be negative or positive. Which term refers to negative stress?

distress

which of the following is not one of the four principal roles of an emergency team?

document the event in an injury report

Donna is at the bottom of the downward movement phase of a front squat. This is her position: Her torso is neutral and almost vertical, with her chest up and out Her feet are flat on the ground The bar is across her shoulders and clavicles Her forearms are vertical, with her elbows pointed toward the ground Her knees are in line with her toes The tops of her thighs are parallel to the ground If Donna's position is not correct, what should change?

donna's elbows should be higher, with her forearms close to parallel to the ground

What is the arm action involved in the power skip?

double arm action

What movement is used to perform the hexagon agility test?

double-leg hop

What type of flexibility refers to the available range of motion during voluntary active movements?

dynamic flexibility

During a warm up, which type of stretch is best for preparing an athlete for a workout?

dynamic stretches

The guidelines for what type of stretching include performing a series of active stretches, moving the joints through a range of motion (ROM), while progressively increasing the speed and/or range of motion on subsequent repetitions or sets?

dynamic stretching

An athlete is having some issues with maintaining muscle mass while attempting to lose weight. Which of the following factors could be contributing to these issues?

eating less than the recommended 1.8 to 2.7 g protein per kg of body weight per day

What phase of the chin-up exercise is best for inhalation?

eccentric

during which phase of the stretch-shortening cycle is the agonist stretched under contraction?

eccentric

A tissue's ability to return to its original resting length after a passive stretch is known as what ?

elasticity

What is written document detailing the appropriate procedures for injury care?

emergency action plan

Which of the following is a written document detailing the appropriate procedures for injury care?

emergency action plan

energy requiring

endergonic

Muscle contraction is an example of what type of reaction?

endergonic (it requires ATP)

layer surrounding individual muscle fibers

endomysium

Which of the following skeletal muscle connective tissues is the outermost layer?

epimysium

outermost layer of muscle

epimysium

Amine hormones

epinephrine, serotonin

A semi-leg straddle stretch is targeting which muscle area?

erector spinae

During the pull-up, many muscles of the back assist the latissimus dorsi (agonist). Which of the following muscles does not assist the latissimus dorsi?

erector spinae

Which of the following muscles work as a synergist in the romanian deadlift

erector spinae

What is the process of analyzing test results for the purpose of making decisions?

evaluation

process of analyzing test results for the purpose of making decisions

evaluation

What is outside the scope of practice of a strength and conditioning professional?

evaluation and treatment of injury

Which of the following is outside the scope of practice of a strength and conditioning professional?

evaluation and treatment of injury

EPOC

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption; oxygen uptake above resting to restore oxygen

Repetition-volume most directly affects which of the following values?

exercise intensity

The variables to consider when designing an aerobic endurance training program include which of the following?

exercise mode

Which of the following is defined as the sequence in which resistance exercises are performed during one training session?

exercise order

energy releasing

exergonic

What reaction releases energy?

exergonic reaction

it is recommended that less experienced athletes do which of the following through the sticking point of a repetition?

exhale

During the back squat, what concentric muscle action do the quadriceps perform at the knee?

extension

which joint action is occurring when the angle between the radius/ulna and humerus increases?

extension

Predictive validity

extent to which testing can accurately predict future performance based on measurable performance charateristics

appearance to the athlete and other casual observers that the test measures what it is purported to measure

face validity

describes how well the test is perceived to measure a specific characteristic

face validity

What is another name for an open grip?

false grip

Which of the following exercises is common within the strongman community to improve grip and back endurance, and provides unstable and awkward resistance?

farmer's walk

what macronutrient has large stores in the body, and provides a vast fuel source for exercise?

fat

Which of the following groups often have an increased risk of iron deficiency?

female aerobic endurance athletes

A test used to assess ability that is performed away from the laboratory and does not require extensive training or expensive equipment

field test

What phase of the snatch does this describe: pushes the floor away to move the bar from the floor up to the knees

first pull

The phases of the power clean occur in what order?

first pull, transition, second pull, catch, downward movement

Which of the following is not a method to find your grip distance for the power snatch?

fist to opposite elbow

Exercises such as the bench press require the athlete to establish and maintain what position?

five-point body contact position

The biceps femoris contracts concentrically to produce which of the following movements of the knee?

flexion

When a soccer player moves his head forward toward the ball to propel it toward the goal, which movement is taking place?

flexion

the push-off during running is immediately followed by which motion of the knee?

flexion

Which two phases of a stride are present in both accelerating and maximum velocity sprinting?

flight and support

an athlete consumes a protein shake after a tough resistance training session. Why is post-exercise protein important for the athlete?

for tissue repair and growth

mass x acceleration

force

How is power calculated?

force x velocity

periodic reevaluation based on midtests administered during the training, usually at regular intervals

formative evaluation

when planning and designing a new strength and conditioning facility, which is the firs step that should be completed?

forming a committee of professionals who represent various areas of expertise

Which exercise can be performed by the anterior deltoids to improve shoulder flexion?

front shoulder raise

Olympic lifts are functional closed-chain exercises, and stability occurs in all three planes. What are the two main movement planes for the Olympic lift techniques?

frontal plane and sagittal plane

Concurrent validity

gauges the extent to which test scores are congruent with scores on other widely accepted and related tests that measure the same ability

Which pre-workout routine is performed first and consists of 5 to 10 minutes of slow or low-intensity activities?

general warm-ups

As exercise duration increases and glycogen stores are depleted, which process allows for repletion without ingesting any additional macronutrients?

gluconeogenesis

As exercise duration increases and glycogen stores are depleted, which process provides additional glucose for energy without ingesting any additional macronutrients?

gluconeogenesis

conversion of protein or fat into glucose, which the body can use as fuel. lactate is used as an energy substrate, lactate production increases with increased exercise intensity

gluconeogenesis

Which substance can be metabolized anaerobically?

glucose

Which of the following provides a guideline for how quickly carbohydrates are digested and how long blood glucose levels are elevated following consumption?

glycemic index

what provides a guideline for how quickly carbohydrates are digested and how long blood glucose levels are elevated following consumption?

glycemic index (GI)

When circulating glucose is not immediately needed for energy production but instead is synthesized to form glycogen in order to be stored in the muscles or the liver, which of the following processes has taken place?

glycogenesis

Proprioceptors that stimulate relaxation of a muscle in response to an increase in tension

golgi tendon organs

What device measures joint range of motion?

goniometer

Which of the following devices is often used to measure joint range of motion?

goniometer

Which of the following differentiates the power clean and the power snatch when pulled from the floor?

grip width and catch position

What is termed as the length of time an athlete is in a stance or plant phase?

ground contact time

How do ground contact time compare during the acceleration phase versus the maximal velocity phase of sprinting?

ground contact times are longer during the acceleration phase

refers to the force applied by the ground back through the foot during the stance or plant phase

ground reaction force

Which hormone stimulates the release of insulin-like growth factor?

growth hormone

Polypeptide hormones

growth hormone, insulin

Which of the following is not a symptoms of anabolic steroid abuse in males?

hair growth

which of the following is the correct landing position for the double-leg jump to box?

half-squat

An outside group is interested in using the strength and conditioning facility. Which of the following is not required for the group to provide prior to use?

health history of participants

A 22-year-old athlete's maximum heart rate is 198 bpm and his resting heart rate is 63 bpm. What is the value of the difference between these two?

heart rate reserve (HRR)

If an athlete has very red skin, stops sweating during a training session, and is experiencing cramps and nausea, what condition does this indicate?

heatstroke

Which of the following would be recommended for an athlete looking to increase motor unit recruitment?

heavy resistance training

Which type of resistance training results in the greatest excess post-exercise oxygen consumption?

heavy resistance training above 80% 1RM for max reps

when using the hip sled, how wide should the feet be place on the platform?

hip-width apart

During a stability ball pike, which of the following joints is flexing?

hips

during the stability ball pike, which of the following joints flexing?

hips

as a strength coach, you are training the second pull execution phase of the snatch lift to a client. this phase begins with explosive extension of which three body parts?

hips, knees, and ankles

Which of the following amino acids are all essential?

histidine, isoleucine, leucine

Leslie is a collegiate soccer player who wants to improve her flexibility and has decided to follow a static stretching program. For a long-term improvement, how often should she stretch, how long should she hold her stretches, and how many weeks should she make sure she stay consistent?

hold stretches for 30 seconds each, and she should stretch twice every week for at least five weeks

What are the chemical messengers that the endocrine glands synthesize, store, and release into the blood?

hormones

What type of equipment is needed for the "walking over and under" dynamic stretch?

hurdles

What does the urine specific gravity (USG) test measure?

hydration status

break down of 1 ATP molecule is called

hydrolysis

Which of the following would be a physical adaptation of a training program that involves resistance training with a high volume of moderate intensity?

hypertrophy

What are phases that can be included in the preparatory period?

hypertrophy/strength endurance and basic strength phases

Which of the following are phases that can be included in the preparatory period?

hypertrophy/strength endurance and basic strength phases

when conducting skinfold testing, when should a site be measured a third time?

if there is more than a 10% difference between the first two measurements

When setting up to perform a seated leg curl on a machine, where is the best place to put the knees?

in line with the axis of the machine

when performing the incline dumbbell bench press, where should the dumbbells be at the bottom of the downward movement phase?

in line with the upper chest

Which of the following statement best describes one potential disadvantage of the single-person spotting technique fro squatting exercises?

inability to lift the weight from a failed squat off the lifter

Which of the following statements best describes one potential disadvantage of the single-person squatting technique for squatting exercises?

inability to lift the weight from a failed squat off the lifter

Which dynamic stretch involves placing the hands on the floor while shifting the weight back with the hips high in the air, making an inverted V with the body?

inchworm

Which dynamic stretch involves placing the hands on the floor while shifting the weight back with the hips high in the air, making an inverted v with the body?

inchworm

Which of the following stretches is considered a dynamic stretch?

inchworm

What is not a role of growth hormone?

increase glycogen synthesis

What is the affect on muscle force as motor unit size increases along with number of motor units available?

increase in muscle force

A 120-pound, 18-year-old female collegiate cross-country skier has the following average energy intake: 500 grams of carbohydrate, 25 grams of protein and 50 grams of fat. What nutritional guideline should be recommended?

increase protein intake

For an athlete performing the power drop medicine ball exercise on an upper body plyometric day, how can the strength and conditioning coach increase the intensity?

increase the box height

What is the main goal of pace/tempo training?

increased lactate threshold

Which of the following adaptations should occur with consistent aerobic training?

increased muscle fiber capillary density

which of the following adaptations should occur with consistent aerobic training?

increased muscle fiber capillary density

What happens to the risk of dehydration during training at altitude?

increases

Your athlete is completing a power clean. If all other variables remained the same, which of the following would increase the power of the lift?

increasing speed of the lift

MyPlate procides guidelines on daily caloric and portion recommendations for which of the following demographics?

individuals of all ages who average 30 minutes of less of moderate activity per day

What relies on the information gathered during testing of a sample of a specific population and uses this information as a representation of what would be true for the entire population?

inferential statistic

If an athlete experiences a first-degree ankle sprain, in which order will this specific tissue heal?

inflammation, repair, and remodeling

The treatment goal of which tissue healing phase is to prevent disruption of new tissue?

inflammatory response phase

Which process should occur before an individual signs a release form or waiver?

informed consent

The distal ends of the deltoid muscle come together at the humerus. What is the distal portion of a muscle attachment called?

insertion

Which of the following is an example of a polypeptide hormone?

insulin

When designing programs, it is imperative to ensure that training volume is always inversely related to what other aspect of training?

intensity

Which of the following is an important consideration when choosing a plyometric exercise for a given population?

intensity

which of the following is an important consideration when choosing a plyometric exercise for a given population?

intensity

During intense exercise, which of the following muscles contributes to the action of forcing air out of the lungs?

internal intercostals

A team's test results are considered to be unreliable because two coaches have different ideas of how low athletes should have to squat for the movement to count as valid. Which type of variability does this scenario describe?

interrater reliability

Providing comprehensive training and guidelines for testing procedures for the individuals involved in test administration helps to improve what?

interrater reliability

measure of consistency of testing results between different test administrators

interrater reliability

lack of consistent performance by the person being tested

intrasubject variability

supersets

involve two resistance training exercises that work opposing muscle groups

complex training

involves alternating an exercise that uses the stretch shortening cycle, such as a plyometric movement, with a heaby resistance exercise such as a squat in order to enhance their benefits (based on post-activation potentiation)

This mineral is part of the thyroid hormone and helps regulate growth, development, and energy metabolism. it is found in saltwater fish and other seafood.

iodine

An athlete who donates blood during a heavy volume training period may be at risk of having insufficient levels of which nutrient?

iron

Jane is a 25-year-old endurance athlete. She consumes a strict vegetarian diet and does not take supplements. Based on this information, Jane has an increased risk to be deficient in which of the following minerals that helps deliver oxygen to working tissues?

iron

Moment arm is the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the fulcrum. How does the resistive moment are change during the portion of a dumbbell biceps curl from 90 degrees of elbow flexion to full contraction?

it gets shorter

Moment arm is the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the fulcrum. How does the resistive moment arm change during the portion of a dumbbell biceps curl from 90 degrees of elbow flexion to full contraction?

it gets shorter

when an athlete lowers their caloric intake, what happens to the protein requirement?

it goes up

What defines as high quality protein?

it has all of the essential amino acids

Why should alcohol be avoided after a training session or competition?

it impairs muscle protein synthesis

Which of these statements is false regarding zinc?

it is a building block for bone growth

What type of movement of the knee will target the muscles on the back of the thighs?

knee flexion

feedback provides the athlete with information about his or her movement pattern

knowledge of performance

Video analysis can provide an athlete with what type of feedback?

knowledge of performance feedback

provides the athlete with information about the execution of the task goal

knowledge of results

The exercise intensity or relative intensity at which blood lactate levels significantly increase over resting concentration levels is referred to as what?

lactate threshold

oxygen deficit

lag in oxygen uptake at the beginning of exercise

What training factors increase testosterone levels?

large muscle group exercises heavy resistance high volume of exercise short rest 2 + years of resistance training

The bar is pulled down and toward the upper chest with a pronated grip, while the torso maintains a slight backward lean. What exercise is being performed?

lat pulldown

The vastus lateralis is located on which part of the thigh?

lateral

when training aerobically, which chamber of the heart most increases in volume and wall thickness?

left ventricle

Which of the essential amino acids has been found to be most important for stimulating protein synthesis

leucine

what is a common movement error on the upward movement phase of a barbell bent-over row?

lifting the torso up

A training program that begins with high volume and low intensity and then gradually increases intensity over the preparatory period while lowering volume as the competitive season approaches refers to which type of periodization?

linear

A marathon runner requires a high amount of which of the following for optimal performance?

liver glycogen

What are the main energy substrates being used by a 400-meter distance swimmer?

liver glycogen + fatty acids

what are the main energy substrates being used by a 400- meter distance swimmer?

liver glycogen and fatty acids

What is gererally expressed as the amount weight assigned to an exercise set?

load

In a partial curl-up test, what is the strength and conditioning professional testing?

local muscular endurance

Which of the following has not been shown to increase serum testosterone levels?

long rest intervals

During which of the following movements will the Z-lines move away from each other in the latissimus dorsi?

lowering portion of the barbell bent-over row

Which of the following would be included as core exercises for a male high school cross-country runner during the season?

lunges and chest presses

A specific, sudden episode of overload resulting in injury to a given tissue is known as what?

macrotrauma

Which of the following is not included in the dietary goals of most athletes?

maintaining the lowest possible body mass index

What is the exercise intensity at which maximal lactate production is equal to maximal lactate clearance within the body?

maximal lactate steady state

what is another term for low-speed muscular strength?

maximum muscular strength

Convergent validity

measures how well a test measures up to one that may be considered the "gold standard" for measuring a specific characteristic. Produce similar testing results

what describes the process of collecting data?

measurment

What is known as the product of force and displacement?

mechanical work

Which of the following must be obtained before beginning any strength and conditioning program?

medical clearance

What is legally required of an athlete before beginning a strength and conditioning program?

medical clearance, sign an informed consent form

Which of the following would not be included in a comprehensive emergency action plan?

medical records of all athletes

Which of the following is an example of a body type category?

mesomorph

Which body type best suits a football linebacker?

mesomorphic

Stress fractures and tendinitis are examples of what type of injury?

microtrauma

A 32-year old male athlete wants to measure his body fat percentage by using skinfold calipers. Which of the following is a common location to measure a skinfold?

midaxilla

test administered one or more times during the training period to assess progress and modify the program as needed to maximize benefit

midtest

statement of purpose, defining the general reasons why the organization exits without providing specific means to achieve it

mission statement

Which of the following sports has a high metabolic demand from the phosphagen system?

mixed martial arts

Dynamic stretching is sometimes referred to as what?

mobility drills

What can be done to increase the intensity of a depth jump to second box?

move the boxes farther apart

What is another term for "reverse anorexia nervosa," a condition common with bodybuilders?

muscle dysmorphia

Performing repeated bouts of high-intensity sprinting would be limited by a decrease in which of the following energy substrates?

muscle glycogen

During a training session, an athlete is working at an intensity of 70-85% of his 1RM for 8-12 reps. What specific adaptation should the athlete achieve from training at this intensity?

muscle hypertrophy

measures the length and rate of change in a muscle

muscle spindle

The knee jerk reflex is caused by which of the following?

muscle spindles

The knee-jerk reflex is caused by which of the following?

muscle spindles

Which sensory structure within the body is responsible for producing the stretch shortening cycle?

muscle spindles

Where are muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs located?

muscle spindles are found within muscle tissue, and Golgi tendon organs are located in tendons

What structures are connected by tendons?

muscles to bones

An athlete is following a training program that includes performing resistance training sets with 15 or more repetitions. What likely represents the training goal?

muscular endurance

During the knee extension movement in a squat, what pulls actin filaments across itself?

myosin

Where should the hands be placed when spotting a seated barbell shoulder press?

near the bar, inside the athlete's hands

where should the spotter place their hands during a flat dumbbell fly?

near the lifter's forearms

Where should a spotter place their hands during a step-up?

near the lifter's torso or hips

The completion of what is the first step in designing a new facility?

needs analysis

What do you call the connection between a motor neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates?

neuromuscular junction

What testing sequence produces the most reliable results?

non-fatiguing, agility testing, max strength or power, sprint, muscular endurance, anaerobic, aerobic

How many spotters should be use for 1RM testing on the power clean?

none

What is the main difference between essential and non-essential amino acids?

nonessential amino acids are synthesized within the body, and essential amino acids must be consumed

In which season is the priority low for sports practice and high for resistance training?

off-season

Which phase of training has the highest number of recommended resistance training sessions per week?

off-season

Which of the following are necessary for the formation of healthy cell membranes, the development and function of the brain and nervous system, and the production of hormones?

omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids

What is a general rule for the amount of Olympic platforms in a facility?

one for every 12 ft of linear space

Which of the following does not measure force output at a high velocity?

one rep maximum bench press

during which exercise does the largest muscle of the back play the role of agonist?

one-arm dumbbell row

During which of the following exercises does the largest muscle of the back play the role of agonist?

one-arm dumbell row (latissimus dorsi)

A dumbbell biceps curl and a barbell deadlift are examples of what types of kinetic chain movements?

open and closed

Which of the following would have the highest metabolic equivalent?

outdoor cycling at a pace of 12 miles/hour (one met is equal to 3.5, oxygen required by the body at rest)

What has the highest metabolic equivalent?

outdoor cycling at a pace of 12 mph

Program objectives

outline the plan to achieve a program goal.

In the starting position for the barbell bench press, once the lifter has un-racked the barbell where should the lifter be holding the bar in relation to their body?

over their chest

Using a spotter is recommended for which of the following types of exercises?

overhead exercises

Which of the following tests would be used to assess flexibility?

overhead squat

refers to a short period of increased training followed by increased recovery time.

overreaching

A marathon runner is entering the last half of her race. At this point, which energy system pathway has the greatest capacity to provide ATP?

oxidation of fats

What is another name for excess post-exercise oxygen consumption?

oxygen debt

Segmentation is used to improve learning during what type of practice?

part practice

Which component of the knee is most likely to sustain injury during resistance training?

patella and its surrounding tissues

A strength coach prescribes the bench press to a group of athletes. Which primary muscle group is the coach targeting?

pectoralis major

layer of muscle surrounding the fasicles

perimysium

when a muscle contraction occurs, what is an example of a connective tissue within the muscle that connects to a pulls directly on the tendon?

perimysium

when a muscle contraction occurs, what is an example of a connective tissue within the muscle that connects to and pulls directly on the tendon?

perimysium

Fatigue is often associated with the depletion of which of the following?

phosphagens

Ingesting nonnutritive substances, such as clay or cigarette butts, is what type of eating disorder?

pica

What is an appropriate stretch for the prime mover in the pull up?

pillar stretch (arms overhead)

Which of the following is an appropriate stretch for the prime mover in the pull-up?

pillar stretch (arms overhead)

Which of the following is a common error seen during tire flipping when using the shoulders-against-the-tire technique?

placing the feet too close to the tire

A general fitness client is attempting to improve the shape and size of the muscles on the back of the lower leg. Which of the following movements is essential for this purpose?

plantar flexion

What is the quality of tissue that allows it to assume a new lengthened position after a passive stretch?

plasticity

term describing the pressure between the lung and chest wall

pleural pressure

Which term is used to refer to activities that enable a muscle to reach maximal force in the shortest possible time?

plyometric exercise

A well-trained, experienced athlete with a long history of strength training is trying to increase their stride rate during maximal velocity sprinting. Which of the following training options would most affect his component of sprint speed?

plyometric training

A well-trained, experienced athlete with a long history of strength training is trying to increase their stride rate during maximal velocity sprinting. Which of the following training options would most affect this component of sprint speed?

plyometric training

What does the glycemic load take into account?

portion size

Which of the following must occur in order to increase muscle mass and body weight?

positive caloric balance

an athlete needs to replace his glycogen stores before his second competition for the day. Which of the following factors most affects how quickly this can occur?

post-exercise carbohydrate ingestion

Which muscles are affected by the stretch in which one arm is pulled across the chest and held in position with the other arm?

posterior deltoid, rhomboids, and middle trapezius

When performing seated rows, what shoulder muscle acts as a synergist?

posterior deltoids

test administered after the training period to determine the success of the training program in achieving the training objectives

posttest

Which of the following is defined as an increase in the force and velocity of a muscle contraction that follows a stretch reflex during plyometric training?

potentiation

In regard to resistance training programs, which of the following exercises should be first during a training session?

power

work/time or force x velocity

power

When designing a strength and conditioning program, which of the following exercises would be most appropriate to improve the athlete's rate of force development?

power clean

Of the following exercises, which exercise should not use a spotter?

power snatch

What are common methods of exercise order?

power, non power core, assitance exercises; alternate upper and lower body movements, alternate between push and pull movements

which of the following is not typically included in the orientation meeting?

pre-participation screening

What is considered the most popular dietary supplement consumed by young Americans?

pre-workout energy drinks

What is considered the most popular dietary supplement consumed by young people (athletes and non athletes) in the US?

pre-workout energy drinks

What is the order of the four phases involved in designing a new strength and conditioning facility

predesign phase, design phase, construction phase, preoperation phase

extent to which the test score corresponds with future behavior or performance

predictive validity

Which phase of training typically utilizes the highest resistance training volume?

preparatory period

Which of the following is one of the elements that must exist for a strength and conditioning professional to be found negligent?

presence of a duty to act

test administered before the beginning of training to determine the athlete;s initial basic ability levels

pretest

Which of the following requires additional attention when designing a strength and conditioning program for female athletes versus a program for male athletes?

prevention of ACL injury

more specific desired outcomes regarding a program

program goals

A strength and conditioning department has a mandate to educate all athletes on the importance of good nutrition and its effect on health and performance. Which of the following does this statement describe?

program objective

The following statement is a good example of what aspect of a program? "To design and administer strength, flexibility, aerobic, plyometric, and other training programs that reduce injury risk and enhance athletic performance."

program objective

specific means of achieving the program goals and therefore support the mission statement

program objectives

Continually adding weight to one's working sets of bench press on a weekly or bi-monthly basis is an example of which of the following?

progression of the training load

athlete practice the first two parts in isolation before practicing these parts together

progressive-part training

what grip should be used in a push jerk and where should the hands be placed?

pronated and slighlty wider than shoulder width

An athlete is performing an exercise where his palms are down and his knuckles are up. What grip is he using?

pronated or underhand grip

The push-up is performed in which anatomic position?

prone

Which of the following is one of the most important training considerations for lower body plyometrics?

proper landing technique

What is sensory input resulting from stimulation of sensory receptors in skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and the joint capsule?

proprioception

Which of the following has the greatest thermic effect of feeding?

protein

What should strength and power athletes consume after an intense training session or competition?

protein and carbohydrates

What is a measure of protein quality?

protein digestibility correct amino acid scores

If a nutritional supplement included leucine on its list of ingredients, which physiological mechanisms would it stimulate?

protein synthesis and protection from muscle catabolism

How does the composition of proteins differ from that of fats and carbohydrates?

proteins contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

athlete practice each subcomponent of the skill multiple times independently

pure-part training

During the push press, how far should the athlete dip in the preparation phase?

quarter squat

multiple skills are practiced in a random order during a given practice session

random practice

Sprinting requires high-speed near-maximum to maximum muscle activation, which depends on high central nervous system activity. What does this concept refer to?

rate coding

rate at which motor units are fired

rate coding

The hold-relax with agonist contraction is the most effective proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching technique because it allows facilitation of what functions?

reciprocal and autogenic inhibition

describes the process of muscles on one side of the joint relaxing to accommodate contraction on the other side of that joint

reciprocal inhibition

During a crunch, which of the following abdominal muscles pulls the rib cage toward the pelvis?

rectus abdominis

Which muscle is strengthened by both lunges and deadlifts?

rectus femoris

Which of the following muscles does not contract concentrically during the downward phase of a seated leg curl?

rectus femoris

A 16-year-old football athlete has been training with a strength and conditioning professional for two years. He has decided he wants to take creatine and asks which brand of creatine he should take. What should the strength and conditioning professional do?

refer the athlete to a qualified sports nutritionist or dietician

As a strength coach, what advice would you offer your athlete if he requested a nutrition plan for weight loss?

refer the athlete to a registered dietitian

Performing warm-up sets prior to performing a 1RM bench press test will increase which of the following test characteristics?

reliability

When a test consistently gives the same result, regardless of the individual conducting the test, this is known as what?

reliability

a measure of the degree of consistency or repeatability of a test

reliability

An athlete calculates the number of reps performed for a workout session. What value does this represent?

repetition-volume

what is the total number of repetitions performed a workout session that does not take load into account?

repetition-volume

athlete practice only the first part in isolation, then each subsequent part is added until the whole task is reintegrated

repetitive part training

Maintaining a professional strength and conditioning certification through continuing education helps with what aspect of legal liability?

risk management

what is the implementation of procedures to identify and reduce athlete injury risk during participation and therefore decrease liability exposure?

risk management

Instructing all athletes on proper spotting and exercise technique will likely decrease which of the following?

risk of liability exposure

The neck moves in all three planes of motion. Which of the following specific movements can it perform?

rotation

Athletes in which of the following sports have been shown to have the highest VO2 max?

rowing

In the event of a tornado or other severe weather, what should be the most important concern of the strength and conditioning staff?

safety

A college is designing a new strength and conditioning facility. What factors are most important to consider when deciding on equipment placement?

safety and function

The body performs a vertical jump in which anatomical plane?

sagittal

The body is divided into right and left halves by which of the following?

sagittal plane

How does "pace/tempo" training intensity compare to race competition intensity?

same intensity or slightly higher

contractile unit of the muscle

sarcomere

what releases calcium into the muscle?

sarcoplasmic reticulum

The legal guidelines that define acceptable duties for a strength and conditioning professional are known as:

scope of practice

a female body builder is supersetting while resistaance training to build muscle size. which of the folllowing statements best characterizes supersetting

seated rows and DB bench press

what phase of the snatch does this describe: explodes through the hips, knees, and ankles to propel the bar overhead

second pull

Which of the following is define as a group of sequentially performed repetitions completed prior to a rest period?

set

Which of the following characteristics does not apply to a 1.5 mile run test performed on a track?

should be performed before testing a 1RM Power Clean

During a dumbbell lateral raise, how far should the arms reach during the upward phase of the lift?

shoulder height

When changing direction in response to an opponent (either offense or defense), where should you as the athlete direct your vision on your opponent?

shoulders, trunk, and hips

In aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is

shuttled mitochondria and untilized

What are the three movements performed during a standard z-drill?

side shuffle-sprint-side shuffle

Hyponatremia is a dangerous condition that involves which of the following?

significantly decreased sodium levels

--- adjusts the difficulty of the tasks by changing task characteristics such as the execution speed or the equipment used.

simplification

when designing a strength training program, which of the following types of exercises would be the least likely to be performed as a core exercise?

single joint

When designing a strength training program, which of the following types of exercises would be the least likely to be performed as a core exercise?

single joint exercise

Which of the following exercises is a movement-related exercise to the movement pattern used to kick a ball?

single leg squat

Of the following tests in a testing battery, which sequence would produce the most reliable results?

skinfold test, pro-agility, 1RM bench press, 40 yard dash

How wide should the lifter place the hands when performing a seated barbell shoulder press?

slightly wider than shoulder width

What is the appropriate grip width for a power exercise that will be pulled from the floor and caught at the anterior deltoids and clavicle?

slightly wider than shoulder width

Performing high load muscular strength training typically involves what type of movement velocities?

slower movement velocities

Which characteristic is most important when determining whether to add it to a testing battery?

specificity

what is the most important thing to consider when deciding whether to add a test to the test battery?

specificity of the test

An athlete has the following rankings in a group of tests: 50th percentile in the vertical jump 58th percentile in the 1RM back squat 60th percentile in the pro-agility test 42nd percentile in the 40-yard dash Which attribute should be addressed first in this athlete's training program?

speed

The skills and abilities needed to achieve high movement velocities is referred to as what?

speed

What variable remains constant in an isokinetic exercise?

speed

Who has the responsibility of assisting in the execution of an exercise with the goal of helping to protect the athlete from injury?

spotter

who has the responsibility of assisting in the execution of an exercise with the goal of helping to protect the athlete from injury?

spotter

what are the different movement patterns involved in the performance of the T-test?

sprint, shuffle, backward run

which of the following is considered the proper exercise progression within a plyometric training program?

squat jump, single leg ankle hop, cycled split squat jump

What is the measure of ability to return to a desired position following a disturbance to the system?

stability

What dosing method is commonly used for athletes using anabolic steroids?

stacking

Which of the following is defined as a measure of the variability of a set of scores about the mean?

standard deviation

The range of possible movement around a joint and its surrounding muscles during a passive movement is known as which of the following?

static flexibility

During the downward phase of the seated leg curl exercise, the length of the A-band of the knee flexors:

stays the same

What is the term used for the most strenuous portion of a repetition?

sticking point

How does arginine affect circulation?

stimulates vasodilation

As a result of an aerobic training program, an athlete will notice various changes in physiological variables. Which of the following would likely not decrease?

stored ATP levels

which staff member is responsible for overseeing the entire program, the facility, its staff and equipment, and for administrative duties such as budget and proposal, preparation, and purchase of equipment?

strength and conditioning director

Which of the following describes the most appropriate activity during the first transition period for a collegiate basketball player?

strength/power movements

which of the following describes the most appropriate activity during the first transition period for a collegiate basketball player?

strength/power movements

what is the combination of mechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms that is the basis for plyometric exercise?

stretch-shortening cycle

Which of the following interact to comprise running speed?

stride frequency and stride length

A core exercise that emphasizes loading the spine directly or indirectly can be further described as what?

structural exercise

An athlete is hoping to increase her bone mineral density. This athlete should include plenty of which exercise type?

structural exercises

Squats, deadlifts, and power cleans are known as which type of exercise, due to the stress placed on the vertebral column?

structural exercises

Which of the following groups or individuals are typically allowed the use of a strength and conditioning facility at an institution?

students in physical education classes

To avoid gastrointestinal issues during competition, which of the following should be avoided in precompetition meals?

sugar alcohols

What describes what occurs when a muscle does not relax before a second twitch occurs?

summation

Which of the following describes what occurs when a muscle does not relax before a second twitch occurs?

summation

Where is the trapezius located in relation to the latissimus dorsi?

superior

Alternating between performing sets of a dumbbell chest fly and a seated row is an example of what type of set?

superset

If an athlete is looking at his palms at the beginning of an exercise, he is using what type of grip?

supinated grip

In which body position is a person at the starting position of an abdominal crunch?

supine

Which muscle is important for glenohumeral stability and is also prone to impingement?

supraspinatus

Refers to a planned and temporary period of reduced training loading up to a competition or used for additional recovery

tapering

Which of the following programming strategies is one method a strength and conditioning professional can employ to help prevent athletes from experiencing overtraining?

tapering

In which structures within the body does the series elastic component mainly store the energy used in plyometric activites?

tendons

What muscle of the back assists the primary mover during a lat pull-down?

teres major

Which muscle of the back assists the primary mover during a lat pull-down exercise?

teres major

Which of the following muscles is not involved in maintaining the stability of the shoulder joint?

teres major

Which of the following muscles is not involved with maintaining the stability of the shoulder joint?

teres major

Which of the following performance enhancement substances is not considered a dietary supplement?

testosteron

Steroid hormones

testosterone, cortisol

A rowing athlete who performs leg presses and barbell bent-over rows is hoping to improve sports performance due to which of the following?

the SAID principle (these exercises correspond with the movement patterns required in rowing)

Which of the following is the correct description of linear speed?

the ability to move the body in one intended direction as quickly as possible

Which of the following describes an impulse during a sprint?

the amount of force applied multiplied by ground contact time

oxygen debt

the amount of oxygen required after physical exercise to convert accumulated lactic acid to glucose

An athlete is attempting to improve aerobic endurance using the rowing machine. What is improper technique?

the athlete should row by pulling the handle toward the chin

An athlete is setting up to perform a power clean. Is their start position correct? If not, what needs to change? The following describes their start position: Their feet are slightly wider than hip width apart They are using a closed, pronated hook grip with the hands slightly wider than shoulder width apart Their shoulders are slightly behind the bar The athlete's torso is neutral The bar is about 1" away from the shins The athlete's eyes are forward

the athlete's shoulders should be directly above or slightly in front of the bar

If an athlete is a competitive swimmer, swimming is known as what in relation to the athlete?

the exercise mode

A lacrosse athlete who has been training consistently for a few years is finishing up their last week of pre-season training and will be starting their competitive season. What should happen to their resistance training frequency?

the frequency should decrease

How far apart should the hands be placed for a barbell upright row?

the hands should be placed about shoulder width apart

During the downward movement phase of the stiff legged deadlift, which of the following describes the movement that should occur at the knee?

the knees should maintain a slightly flexed position

During the downward movement phase of the stiff-legged deadlift, which of the following describes the movement that should occur at the knee?

the knees should maintain a slightly flexed position

When testing anaerobic capacity, what is being measured?

the maximum amount of energy production by the combined phosphagen and anaerobic glycolytic energy systems for moderate-duration activities

What does the size principle affect?

the order of motor unit recruitment

When a sprinter competes in a 100-meter race, which energy systems are they using?

the phosphagen and glycolytic systems

What is the difference, if any, in the recommended grip width on the low-bar versus high-bar back squat?

the recommended grip is wider for a low-bar back squat

An athlete is performing an overhead squat in order to test their flexibility. Where should the tester stand in order to observe and assess the athlete?

the tester should stand facing the athlete's side

Which of the following is true during the first pull of the power snatch?

the torso angle should stay the same as the bar moves from the mid-shins to the knees

How much glycogen is stored in skeletal muscle compared to the liver?

there is more glycogen stored in skeletal muscle

A measurement of the increase in energy expenditure after eating that includes the cost of digestion, absorption, metabolism, and storage of food in the body is call what?

thermic effect of food

which of the following statements is true regarding Golgi tendon organs?

they are mechanoreceptors locate within the musculotensinous junction that are sensitive to tension and rate of tension change

Which of the following statements is false regarding the role of amino acids in the body?

they interrupt fluid and electrolyte balance

Elbow flexion against resistance during a movement like a DB biceps curl, is a example of what type of lever?

third-class lever

When an athlete is jumping, in regard to the plantar flexion action of the ankle, which muscle plays the role of antagonist?

tibialis anterior

what function does post-training and post competition protein consumption serve in endurance athletes?

tissue repair

What are the primary reasons protein and CHO are recommended for athletes post-training?

to prevent breakdown of muscular protein, replenish glycogen, and promote tissue repair

Why must athletes be conscious of their sodium levels?

to replace electrolytes, maintain a normal osmotic equilibrium, and increase performance

What is the primary role of carbohydrates in human physiology?

to serve as a source of energy

What is the primary role of carbs in human physiology?

to serve as a source of energy

where should the right hand reach when performing a behind-the-neck stretch for the right triceps and lat?

toward the left scapula

What is the goal of the hypertorphy or strength endurance phase?

training at a low to moderate intensity with a very high volume to develop muscular and metabolic base and to increase lean body mass

Which of the following is defined as an athlete's current condition or degree of preparedness to begin a new or revised program?

training status

Todd is performing a power snatch. Which phase of the exercise is he performing when he is in the position described below? The barbell is moving from his knees up toward his hips Todd has started to flex his knees to bring them forward and under the bar His back is slightly arched His torso is changing from an angled position to a more vertical position His arms are straight and his elbows point to the sides

transition phase

the glenohumeral joint is known to perform movement in which anatomical plane(s)?

transverse, frontal, and sagittal

Which of the following pieces of aerobic equipment requires the largest amount of floor space?

treadmill

Which of the following muscles assists the deltoids in pressing a barbell over the head?

triceps

Which of the following exercises is considered a single joint exercise?

triceps extension

A powerlifter looking for an assistance exercise to help improve his or her bench press should include which of the following exercises?

triceps pushdown

Which valve prevents a backflow from the right ventricle into the right atrium during ventricular contraction?

tricuspid valve

During the transition phase, the lifter can place the log onto the thighs before beginning the second pull (T/F)

true

John's lunch consisted of one glass of skim milk, one tuna sandwich with whole wheat bread, and a green leafy salad with a vinaigrette dressing. What source of omega-3 fatty acids did John eat for lunch?

tuna

In anaerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is

turned into lactate

An action potential travels down a motor neuron to the neuromuscular junction and causes which of the following within the muscle fibers?

twitch

which of the following is considered a low-intensity plyometric exercise?

two-foot ankle hop

slow muscle fibers

type I

An athlete is performing steady state exercise that has crossed that lactate threshold. What type of muscle fiber will increase in use after this point?

type II

An athlete is performing steady state exercise that has crossed the lactate threshold. What type of muscle fiber will increase in use after this point?

type II

fast aerobic muscle fibers

type IIa

fast anaerobic muscle fibers

type IIx

Which of the following is used to help reduce the risk of overtraining and is placed between each phase of training?

unloading

According to the US Army Standard, what is the low position for females in the pushup local endurance test?

upper arms parallel to the floor (same for males)

degree to which a test or test item measures what it is supposed to measure

vailidity

includes variations of the same skill within a single practice session as opposed to specific practice in which a specific skill is repeated multiple times

variable practice

Which quadriceps muscle is located closest to the midline of the body?

vastus medialis

An athlete is looking to improve the nutrient density of their diet. Which foods are the best options to help achieve this goal?

vegetables and fish

What does the QRS complex represent?

ventricular depolarization

What does the T-wave represent in an electrocardiogram?

ventricular repolarization

The latissimus dorsi acts as an antagonist during what exercise?

vertical chest press

The latissimus dorsi acts as an antagonist during which of the following exercises?

vertical chest press

A basketball team is attempting to measure power. which of the following tests would be the most valid for this group of athletes?

vertical jump

Which of the following vitamins is fat soluble?

vitamin K

Which of the following are organic substances that cannot be synthesized by the body but are needed to perform certain metabolic functions?

vitamins

What happens to the volume and intensity as an athlete transfers from the preparation phase to first transition?

volume decreases, intensity increases

Which of the following is the most accurate method of measuring training stress?

volume-load (accounts for total number of repetitions performed in a workout as well as the total amount of weight lifted)

What is an example of a dynamic stretch for the hip abductors?

walking over and under hurdles

the completion of which of the following has been proven to have a positive effect on performance, due to the relaxation of both agonist and antagonist muscles and improvements in the rate of force?

warm-ups

What must be consumed during exercise in order to aid in thermoregulation?

water

Which of the following must be consumed during exercise in order to aid in thermoregulation?

water

what determines when the yo-yo intermittent recovery test is complete?

when the athlete fails to reach the start or turning line a second time

What is a false statement regarding exercises designed to increase tissue length?

when the point of resistance is reached, force should be decreased

Which of the following statements about exercises designed to increase tissue length is false?

when the point of resistance is reached, force should be decreased

Which factor can affect the glycemic index of a food?

whether the food is consumed alone or in addition to other foods

What is the best flooring option for Olympic platforms?

wood center with rubber on the sides

force x displacment

work

Which of the following tests is used to estimate aerobic capacity?

yo-yo intermittent recovery test

Which of the following is considered a high-quality protein?

yogurt