POL chap 8

The Telegraph and Texas Register is remembered as the originator of what rallying cry?

"Remember the Alamo!"

At the time of the founding of the nation, journalists were called

"newsmongers."

Which of the following would be most likely found in a positive issue ad?

- "Malia is dedicated to finding ways to improve our community healthcare system." - "Representative Nadal has been a breath of fresh air in the state house." - "Ms. Roberts has long been an advocate for improving our schools."

What are the top three most popular social media sites in the U.S.?

- Facebook - Twitter - YouTube

Which of the following contributed to changes in polling in the 1970s?

- Politicians began taking polling more seriously. - The relative complexity of political issues in the U.S. increased.

In which of the following ways have social media proven to be disruptive to the traditional forms of media?

- They have made people part of the news as it happens. - They expose many to news outside of mainstream sources. - They allow citizens to shape the news agenda.

According to Harold Lasswell's model, what questions should we ask in order to better understand "the media"?

- What is the message? - What is the method? - Who is the audience? - Who is the sender?

Which of the following would be classified as "hard news"?

- an interview with the head of a foreign nation - coverage of a U.S. Senate election - an investigative report on wasteful spending by the Department of Defense

In Texas, concentration in media has resulted in

- less local news. - a selection bias that has a national slant.

What are the three broad functions the media serve within their communities?

- shaping perception - providing information - acting as linkage institutions

The era of the 1920s and 1930s saw a "convergence of change" that had a big effect on polling. Which of the following were factors in that "convergence"?

- the founding of polling organizations - a growing concern over accuracy - the media pushing for more data

Push polls are considered outright illegitimate because

- they attack opposing candidates and ideas. - scientific sampling is not used.

When candidates and campaigns use social media sites to share news with the public, they are better able to control

- who sees the news. - how a story is covered. - what is covered

Which of the following are agents of socialization in the U.S.?

-Family -Religious Institutions -The Media -Peer Groups -Education

As of 2016, about _____ percent of the adult population in the United States subscribed to satellite radio.

19

In 2017, a UT/Texas Tribune poll found that what percent of Texans favor legalization of marijuana for medical purposes?

80%

What is a potential pitfall for candidates who use digital campaigning?

Any problematic statement or action, if digitally recorded, can come back to haunt them.

Which of the following best describes the future of media?

Consumers are just as important as owners and producers.

The federal agency that regulates broadcast media is the __________.

Federal Communications Commission

_____ is the media's attempts to focus attention on certain events and place them in context for meaning.

Framing

What did "freedom of the press" mean at the time of the founding of the U.S.?

Freedom to use an actual printing press.

How did the 2014 decision in Verizon v. FCC affect net neutrality?

It effectively ended it.

How has the Internet affected political campaigns' ability to control their messages?

It has increased it.

The 1996 Telecommunications Act did what?

It relaxed the limit on how many radio and TV stations one company could own.

Why is Texas a state in which digital media can be especially cost-saving for statewide campaigns?

It's very large and costly to travel to all areas in person.

Though over 10 billion tweets go out on Twitter every day, what did researchers at Carnegie Mellon University discover about people's opinions of many of those tweets?

Less than one-third of the tweets reflected information worth reading.

_____ is a published false statement that is damaging to a private individual's reputation. Multiple choice question.

Libel

The most popular podcasts reflect content hosted by

National Public Radio.

In 1948, Texas's first television station began operating and broadcast a speech by whom?

President Harry Truman

______ is the ability of the media to help shape public opinion respecting an event or a person in the public sphere.

Priming

_____ are perhaps the greatest threat to traditional media's longevity.

Streaming services

What is one problem associated with focus groups?

They are less quantitatively measured.

In the 2016 election cycle, campaigns were expected to spend over $4 billion on television advertisements. How effective, generally, are these ads?

They don't seem to have much impact.

If a sample is determined and a poll conducted for that sample, but many respondents choose not to answer al the questions asked in the poll, this contributes to what type of error?

Total versus actual sample size

True or false: Consumers drive media content as much as owners and producers do. True false question.

True

Candidate Ronald Reagan's 1984 "Morning in America" campaign commercial was designed to make viewers feel good about Reagan. What type of ad was this?

a positive issue ad

In the example of the news coverage of Texas's Child Protective Services and its severe problems, the issue finally received attention only after it was covered in the media. This is an example of

agenda setting

The power of the media to bring issues and problems to the public's attention is called _____ ______.

agenda setting

A local news outlet decides that it is important for the public to be informed about an upcoming vote on property taxes. It replays a short segment about the vote three times a day until voting day arrives. What two processes are represented here?

agenda setting and priming

Which of the following is NOT an agent of political socialization?

all of the answers given here are correct

David's Law, passed in Texas in 2017, attempts to mitigate what issue?

bullying on social media

The collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the general public, especially by means of the Internet, is called _____ journalism.

citizen

What was the location of the earliest radio stations in Texas?

college campuses

The purpose of mass media gatekeeping is

determining newsworthiness.

the 2014 ruling by the united states court of appeals for the d.c. Circuit that struck down the FCC's Open internet order had what effect at that time

ending network neutrality requirements for ISPs

Soft news's purpose is to

entertain

True or false: Only the federal government, not the states, may pass laws to regulate the Internet.

false

true/ false: There is overwhelming evidence that partisan media are making ordinary Americans more partisan. True false question.

false

Which of the five broad definitions of public opinion involves "rhetorical construction"?

fiction

How many broad definitions of public opinion are there?

five

_____ are carefully planned discussions designed to obtain perceptions on a defined area of interest in a permissive, non-threatening environment.

focus groups

George Lakoff has pointed out that while deciding what is news has a huge impact on public perception of an issue, how it is _____ significantly influences public reaction to it.

framed

Research has shown that newspapers from counties near the U.S.-Mexico border tend to have an overall negative slant toward immigrants. This "slant" is an example of

framing

Mass media filter down all of what is happening in a given community into a specific set of news that is then transmitted to an audience. This is called

gatekeeping

What is the first step in the survey process?

identifying the population

What is an effect of self-selection of media sources by individuals based on their own ideological biases?

increased media bias through market competition

In his 1992 presidential campaign, Ross Perot spent $34.8 billion of his own money on a series of

infomercials

Which of the following best characterizes a "public"?

its communicative nature

The role that media bias plays in the development of public opinion is

large

The Founders named the _____ as preeminent in American democracy.

legislature

In a landmark 1986 survey of journalists, researchers found that journalists overwhelmingly perceived themselves to be _____ the owners of the media and the public in general.

more liberal than

A digital audio file made available on the Internet for downloading to a computer or portable media player, typically available as a series, is a

podcast

When the local newspaper and local television station repetitively cover a story about a new stadium opening, that repetition is an example of

priming

What type of survey interviews a scientifically determined sampling of people within a population?

probability sample survey

The news media, in particular, operate as an institution within the _____ sphere.

public

The _____ is a community's arena. It allows individuals to freely discuss and identify societal problems and influence political action.

public sphere

The question "would you vote for candidate A if you found out they were unfaithful to their spouse?" is an example of what type of polling question?

push poll

The reinforcement and magnification of existing beliefs about the reality and commonality of events due to the presentation of reality by the media is called

resonance

When media reinforce and magnify existing beliefs about the reality of an event, it is an example of ____.

resonance

What is the literal meaning of "democracy"?

rule by the people

One big advantage of the use of digital media for political campaigns is that it

saves money

The systematic selection of particular news that presents a distorted view of reality is called _____ bias.

selection

When news organizations reported that juvenile offenders housed in state facilities were being abused, they were serving the media function of __________.

setting the agenda

In what language was Texas's first newspaper published?

spanish

Pandora, Spotify, and Netflix are examples of

streaming services.

Push polls are best described as

targeted attacks

In 2015, the FCC reclassified broadband Internet transmission as a _____, but the protections offered by that decision ended in December 2017.

telecommunications service

The greatest percentage of Americans use __________ to get information and news.

television

Focus groups usually include fewer than _____ individuals at a time.

ten

What entity is responsible for issuing regulations concerning broadcast media?

the Federal Communications Commission

According to anthropologist Thomas de Zengotita, what 1963 event, which was widely covered in the media, changed people's perception of the news?

the assassination of President Kennedy in Dallas

__________ is the difference between a poll's results and what the result might be if everyone in a given population being polled gave an answer to the polling questions.

the margin of error

Today, we use "press" and "media" somewhat interchangeably. At the founding of the nation,

these two words had more nuanced meanings.

What is the point of a push poll?

to attack a candidate or issue

Connecting with the public directly is the most important advantage that the Internet offers political campaigns.

true

True or false: Connecting with the public directly is the most important advantage that the Internet offers political campaigns.

true

Texas gubernatorial candidate Wendy Davis received a big boost in popularity after her senatorial filibuster speech went viral on

twitter

Approximately what portion of American adults use at least one form of social media to share information?

two-thirds

The media are typically categorized by

type of message and type of media.

Citizen journalism is especially problematic on _____, as described in the text, because people generally ignore the site's guidelines about attribution.

youtube