POL Mid term (Quizzes)

A limited war is defined as: a. A war fought for a lesser goal than political existence b. A war that does not involve the use of nuclear or biological weapons c. A war that results in no more than 1,000 combat deaths d. A war that occurs in only one theatre

a

Constructivists argue that knowledge shapes how actors interpret and construct their... a. worlds and realities b. norms and ideas c. cost-benefit analyses d. normative structures

a

Constructivists emphasize the role of _________ in shaping the interests of actors such as states. a. identity b. brute facts c. level of capabilities (ie military) d. international treaties and institutions

a

Creation of a new state, through uniting smaller ones or separating from a larger one (or both), is a result of: a. state-opposing nationalism b. civic nationalism c. state-supporting nationalism d. state-creating nationalism

a

During the 'cold' war, fighting occurred in which of the following theaters? a. all of the given options are correct b. Asia c. Africa d. Latin America

a

Proponents of of "balancing" as the most likely explanation for alliance formation claim a. that states will form alliances to protect themselves against a threat from a more powerful state b. that states will ally with the strongest power to increase their own security c. that alliances are more likely to lead to offensive war d. that states will frequently change their alliances in their quest for security

a

What are the current BRICS countries? a. Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa b. Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Korea c. Brazil, Russia, India, and China d. Britain, India, and South Africa

a

What does Stanley Hoffman list as the 'essence of Liberalism'? a. 'Self-restraint, moderation, compromise and peace' b. 'Freedom, equality, compromise and peace' c. 'Self-restraint, justice, equality and peace' d. 'Freedom, moderation, justice and peace'

a

What is 'sovereign territoriality'? a. A claim to political authority over a particular geographical space b. None of the options given are correct c. The control by kings or queens of their castles and surrounding land d. A claim to political authority that can only be exercised in a monarchy

a

What makes IOs legitimate actors in world politics? a. they have moral authority and/or technical expertise b. they have technical expertise c. they are created by the UN d. they have moral authority

a

What was the primary organ of the Idealist inter-war order? a. the league of nations c. the united nations c. concert of europe d. the hegemonic influence of the united states

a

Which body is not a principal organ of the United Nations system? a. World Bank b. Trusteeship Council c. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) d. International Court of Justice

a

Which of the following is not a core assumption of realist thought? a. sovereignty b. self-help c. survival d. statism

a

Which of the following statements does not describe the common patterns of imperial or colonial control exercised by European powers? a. Culturally, they promoted indigenous languages, laws, and religions, rather than imposing those from the West b. Economically, they often forced indigenous or imported enslaved peoples to work and produce mostly for imperial markets, for little or no reward. They also extracted raw materials and established trade monopolies on key imports and exports c. Socially, they often invented, appropriated, or reinforced racial hierarchies, tribal divisions, and gender norms among people in order to divide and manage them d. Politically, they forced a formal recognition of imperial rule in the area, such as through declaring loyalty to a European monarch

a

Which treaty in 1968 sought to limit the spread of nuclear weapons? a. Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty b. ABM Treaty c. SALT 1 d. START 1

a

____________________ school of thought values relational power as a measure of state influence. a. constructivist b. neorealist c. liberal d. realist

a

A leader who is a realist is MOST likely to enter an alliance when a. alliance partners all support democracy b. it is in the national interest to do so c. the opposing alliance or power has a different ideological outlook d. there is no time to do a cost-benefit analysis e. the alliance is against a geographically distant power

b

Classical realism represents power politics as a result of: a. state sovereignty b. human nature c. anarchy d. international relations

b

The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty advanced what notion? a. non-intervention b. the responsibility to protect c. peacekeeping d. collective security

b

Those who stress the continued importance of rising powers point to all of the following developments as evidence, except... a. The announcement of China's 'One Belt, One Road'/'Belt and Road Initiative' strategy b. India receiving a seat as a permanent member of the UN Security Council c. China's creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) d. The creation of the BRICS Development Bank (now the New Development Bank)

b

Walt claims that ____________ is the most common pattern of alliance formation a. bandwagoning b. balancing c. securitizing d. threat assessment e. fluidity

b

What term is not generally associated with constructivist thought? a. idealism b. individualism c. holism d. social theory

b

What theory examines how international organizations spread new norms that become accepted practice among states in the international system? a. liberalism b. social constructivism c. rational choice d. marxism

b

Which nation is not a member of the permanent five who hold a veto on the Security Council? a. China b. Germany c. The United States d. France

b

Which of the following is a legacy of European military involvement in the Global South during the imperial era? a. The use of armed forces for internal security, in a context of civil war and foreign intervention, remained a pattern b. All of the given options are correct c. Armed forces in the new, independent states retained close links with former colonial powers, for example through officer training programmes d. Former imperial powers influenced wars in the global South through security assistance

b

According to this chapter, all of the following are true of norms except... a. A norm is 'a standard of appropriate behavior for actors with a given identity' (Finnemore and Sikkink 1998) b. Norms not only regulate what states do, but also can be connected to their identities and thus express how they define themselves and their interests c. Norms are always based in calculations of material interests d. Norms constrain behaviour because actors are worried about costs and because of a sense of self

c

Nationalism can be considered: a. a sentiment shaping people's identity b. an ideology c. all of the options given are correct d. a political movement

c

Neo-colonialism, as defined by Kwame Nkrumah, refers to... a. Colonialism perpetrated by non-Western powers b. A state which asserts its authority over separatist regions through coercive military and economic policies c. A state that is theoretically independent, but in which the economic system and the political system are in reality directed by an external power d. The contemporary policies of China in Southeast Asia

c

The Ottawa Convention on Anti-Personnel Landmines is a good example of a/an ________ institution a. bilateral b. constitutional c. issue-specific d. fundamental

c

What concept supposes that liberal states will not go to war with one another? a. Sovereign equality of states b. Balance of power c. Democratic peace thesis d. Republican constitutionalism

c

What key policy was associated with the Truman Doctrine? a. rapprochement b. decolonization c. containment d. apartheid

c

What war began the era of modern total war? a. the cold war b. British colonial wars in Africa c. WWI d. WW2

c

What was the great divergence? a. none of the options given are correct b. The split between parts of the world that promoted regional order and parts of the world that sought more truly international order c. The global power disparity that emerged between East and West during the nineteenth century d. The stark difference in the speed of communications between the pre-industrial and industrial eras

c

Which term refers to the belief that it is possible and desirable to establish a political hierarchy based on biological markers? a. settler colonialism b. social racism c. scientific racism d. cultural racism

c

Which theoretical approach to international law treats international law as part of the normative structures that condition state and non-state agency in international relations? a. neoliberal institutionalism b. the practice turn c. constructivism d. critical legal studies

c

Which treaty/treaties ended the Napoleonic Wars and paved the way for the Congress of Vienna? a. Treaty of Versailles b. Treaties of Westphalia c. Treaty of Paris d. Treaties of Utrecht

c

Which years were designated as the United Nations Decade for Women? a. 1971-1981 b. 1973-1983 c. 1976-1985 d. 1972-1982

c

__________ refers to the transmission of national identities over generations as a complex of myths, and the view that these long-enduring identities form the basis for nationalism. a. ethnie b. primordialism c. ethno-symbolism d. modernism

c

'Settler colonialism' involves which of the following? a. A decision to ignore or discourage native rulers, languages, and laws b. The acquisition of land through a combination of force and agreements (many of which are contested/forgotten) c. Oftentimes, the claim that land is unoccupied, followed by the encouragement of mass immigration from Europe d. All of the given answers are correct

d

According to neoliberal institutionalists... a. international organizations extend capitalism globally through their programmes and policies in order to reinforce the power of capitalist states and elites b. international organizations help shape what is possible and socially accepted at the international level c. international organizations have no independent effect on world politics d. states can use international organizations as a means of international cooperation that benefits all states

d

Following the First World War, national self-determination was applied only to... a. the victors of the war b. none of the options given are correct c. Latin America d. the defeated empires, using ethnic criteria

d

Gender refers to... a. an effect of discourses of power b. the essential categorization of female and male bodies c. that which socially constructs sex d. all of the above, depending on the theoretical angle

d

In a world of bandwagoning, we would expect to see a. a stronger non-aligned movement b. fluid alliances c. a reduction in the security dilemma d. a great power warmongering and belligerence

d

Nationalism initially imitated the civic forms projected by which country or countries? a. Germany and France b. The United States c. Italy and Britain d. France and Britain

d

The condition/structure of the international system, having no overarching central authority above the individual collection of sovereign states, is known as: a. international system b. political community c. sovereignty d. anarchy

d

The kings and queens who ruled European states before the nineteenth century saw humanity in general, including monarchs, as being subject to __________ a. the rules of military engagement b. constitutional law and God's law c. royal and natural law d. God's law and natural law

d

The two military developments that altered war during the Renaissance were: a. The ability to wage truly total wars and the beginning of mass conscription b. The harnessing of nationalism and use of state bureaucracies to run wartime militaries and economies c. The rise of armoured knights and political fragmentation d. The emergence of infantry armies and advances in military technology (including the invention of gunpowder)

d

The writings of Bentham and Kant contain the seeds of core liberal ideas, particularly that... a. nations can get along b. wealth is the best means to bring about justice c. justice breeds freedom d. reason can deliver freedom and justice in international relations

d

What caused China's decline during the nineteenth century? a. Its economic crippling under British imperialism b. Domestic political instability c. A series of unequal treaties following its losses in wars with Western powers d. All of the options given are correct

d

What is the term used to describe the retreat from empire throughout most of Asia and Africa after 1945? a. retro-imperalism b. détente c. wind of change d. decolonization

d

Which of the following is an example of a normative concern raised by postcolonial and decolonial approaches? a. Postcolonial and decolonial approaches emphasize subaltern perspectives as a site for thinking through relations of power b. Since 1945, International Relations has understood itself as being concerned with sovereign states c. The conventional story of the First World War treats the key players (Britain, France, Germany, and the United States) as themselves nation-states rather than empires d. The attitudes, practices, and structures that support Western supremacy in the world are problematic because they tend to elevate Western states and peoples as being fundamentally more important, historically significant, and worthy of attention than non-Westerners

d

Which statement best describes WW1? a. The First World War began to end in November 1918 with allied advances b. The First World War was characterized by trench warfare and attrition c. The First World War mobilized whole European societies d. All of the above

d

Which two infrastructural gains underpinned the division of labour between an industrial 'core' and a commodity-producing 'periphery' that first emerged in the nineteenth century? a. steamships and the telegraph b. railways and the telegraph c. steamships and the construction of national road systems d. railways and steamships

d

Why do states comply with international human rights laws? a. They fear that international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) might 'name and shame' them. b. They face pressure from domestic groups that cite human rights laws. c. They face foreign policy pressure from those states that identify with human rights. d. All of the given answers are correct.

d

Walt's 'balance of threat' calculation does NOT use _______________ as a factor. a. aggressive intentions b. geographic proximity c. aggregate power d. offensive power e. institutional cooperation

e