PoliSci Chapter 8

which are characteristics of political campaigns having undergone change?

1) amount of money required 2) length of campaign 3) focus of campaign

even if a third party candidate fails to win an election, the candidate has still done what to help its party succeed?

1) encouraged major parties to address issues introduced by the third party 2) drawn attention to issues previously ignored by the two parties

what are true of grassroot parties?

1) operate at a local level 2) open to all citizens

today's political campaigns rely on what to be successful

1) pollsters 2) campaign strategists 3) media producers

which factors have contributed to the weakening of party organizations?

1) primary elections 2) candidate-centered campaigns

which president was a leading advocate of giving ordinary citizens a more direct role in the Democratic party?

Andrew Jackson

the most successful of the third parties of the 20th century was the ____ ____ party

Bull Moose

since the Great Depression, which party's agenda has included a strong commitment to provide a safety net for the most vulnerable members of society?

Democratic

the Civil War triggered a party realignment. what were the two parties?

Democratic & Republican

which is a reason why some scholars think we have moved into a new party alignment?

Republicans have become stronger in South and Democrats have become stronger in NorthEast

in order to have the best chance at winning in a two-party system, political parties normally

align themselves at the middle of the voting spectrum

which best describes the voting electorate after the expansion of voting rights during the Jacksonian Era?

all white males

which of the following voting blocs has moved heavily into the Democratic Party since the 1960s?

black Americans

in general, political parties are made up of a ___ constituency of supporters

broad

political parties and their ability to control politics have been weakened by ___-centered campaigns

candidate

a state that prevents members from one political party from voting for another party's nominees has which type of primary?

closed

third parties that break off from one of the two dominant parties are known as

factional parties

since 1968, the Republican party has been weaker at the national level than it was in the decades after the Great Depression

false

what were the two competitive political parties during the first party system?

federalists & democratic-republicans

since the 1980s, which group has voted most strongly for the Republican party?

fundamentalist Christians

in a proportional representation system, which is true?

political parties win a # of seats in the legislature in rough proportion to the % of the vote each party recieves

an election in which voters choose the party nominees is called an ___ election

primary

countries with multiparty systems tend to have what kind of electoral system?

proportional representation system

voting for a candidate's promises rather than his or her past actions is an example of ___ voting

prospective

a permanent shift in party allegiances or electoral support is called

realignment

what third party believes that partisan politics is a corrupting influence that needs to be changed?

reform parties

the national, state, and local organizations of the Republican and Democratic parties are

relatively independent, that is each level does not have much control over the others

opposition to slavery gave rise to the

republican party

which party benefited from the 1896 realignment?

republican party

today, political candidates tend to

set up and run their own campaign organizations

third parties formed to promote a stance on a particular issue are known as

single-issue parties

voters cast a ___, where they vote for candidates of one party

straight ticket

which led to the start of the political party realignment in the 1930s that worked to benefit the Democratic party?

the Great Depression

the in-party's chances of staying in power has historically depended upon

the condition of the economy

a reason political parties have emerged whenever democracy has been established is that

they provide individuals a way to join together in order to exercise their collective influence

America's plurality, or winner-take-all, system of electing candidates works to the disadvantage of

third parties

which single expenditure accounts for the most spending on US political campaigns?

tv ads

how many major political parties are there in the US today?

two

how did many of the founders of the US view political parties?

with suspicion

what are part of the money chase of politics?

1) pursuing wealth patrons 2) raising funds

the fact that more white women than white men vote Democratic is an example of the ___ gap

gender

political parties began to emerge in the US

in spite of the founding fathers' beliefs about them

although state parties do not work full time, they are __ likely to have full-time employees than local parties

more

a ___ political system is made up of at least three political parties

multiparty

what happens after a third party is relatively successful in attracting votes during a US national election?

one or both major parties will try to co-opt the issue or issues that made the third party successful

local party organizations operate

only during campaign periods

the highlighting of candidates' attributes is called

packaging

organizations that nominate and seek to elect candidates to govt office are known as

political parties