Polit quiz

19. In the context of politics,__________is a system of rewarding the party faithful and workers with government jobs or contracts. a. patronage b. party membership grant c. party-aid d. sponsorship e. earmarking

a. patronage

47. In 2012, Tea Party-backed Republicans in Missouri and Indiana looked like sure bets to gain Senate seats. Missouri's Todd Akin, however, made the mistake of claiming that women cannot become pregnant as a result of "legitimate rape" and it cost him the elections. This shows that voters often base their decisions on the _____ of the candidates rather than on their qualifications or policy positions. a. religion b. perceived character c. professional background d. past winning record e. peer review

a. religion

37. In the 2006 elections, about half of the states that were using new electronic voting systems: a. reported problems. b. reported high voter turnout. c. had to conduct reelections. d. implemented the grandfather clause. e. implemented poll taxes.

a. reported problems.

47. Which of the following are the only states to be exceptions to the winner-take-all system? a. Arizona and Indiana b. Maine and Nebraska c. New York and Florida d. Washington State and California e. North and South Dakota

b. Maine and Nebraska

39. The _____ requires states to provide all eligible citizens with the opportunity to register to vote when they apply for or renew a driver's license. a. white primary clause b. Motor Voter Law c. grandfather clause d. Congressional Act e. Civil Rights Act

b. Motor Voter Law

49. Which of the following statements about political parties is true? a. The idea of political parties began with John Adams. b. Political parties are not mentioned in the Constitution. c. Thomas Jefferson was in favor of putting political party guidelines in the Constitution. d. The first political parties forms around the policies of Andrew Jackson. e. Whigs were the first people to form a political party.

b. Political parties are not mentioned in the Constitution

2. _____ is a process in which the popular support for and relative strength of the political parties shift and the parties are reestablished with different coalitions of supporters. a. Flipping b. Realignment c. Dealignment d. Tipping e. Segregation

b. Realignment

11. By the mid-1850s, the Whig coalition had fallen apart, and most northern Whigs were absorbed into the new _____, which opposed the extension of slavery into new territories. a. People's Party b. Republican Party c. Democratic Party d. Libertarian Party e. Socialist Party

b. Republican Party

6. Which of the following statements is true of state organizations? a. The powers and duties of state party organizations remain the same across states. b. State party organizations are built around a central committee and a chairperson. c. The state chairperson of a state party organization is selected through primaries. d. State party organizations are very closely tied to the party's national structure. e. State party organizations are highly centralized.

b. State party organizations are built around a central committee and a chairperson.

36. Which of the following public positions is chosen by voters during a national general election? a. The position of the mayor b. The position of the president c. The position of the governor d. The position of the sheriff e. The position of the viceroy

b. The position of the president

36. For a given poll, a professional polling firm states that it has "95 percent confidence that the maximum margin of sampling error is plus or minus four percentage points." What is the firm trying to say by claiming "95 percent confidence"? a. There is a 95 percent chance that the poll is off by four points or more. b. There is a 5 percent chance that the poll is off by four points or more. c. There is a 95 percent chance that the poll is off by five points or more. d. There is a 4 percent chance that the poll is off by five points or more. e. There is a 5 percent chance that the poll is off by ninety-five points or more.

b. There is a 5 percent chance that the poll is off by four points or more.

16. Which of the following statements is true of a semiopen primary? a. Voters who contest elections as independents are automatically enrolled in the party for whom they vote. b. Voters request the ballot for the party of their choice, either the Democratic ballot or the Republican ballot. c. Voters are not allowed to vote for a party's candidates unless they belong to the party. d. Voters are required to declare their party affiliations on Election Day. e. Voters can choose the candidates of more than one party.

b. Voters request the ballot for the party of their choice, either the Democratic ballot or the Republican ballot

4. Electors are selected during each presidential election year by _____. a. the representatives of Congress b. the states' political parties c. members of the Credentials Committee d. presidential candidates e. members of the Senate

b.the states' political parties

56. An alliance of individuals or groups with a variety of interests and opinions who join together to support all or part of a political party's platform is known as a _____. a. party b. campaign c. coalition d. primary e. national convention

c. coalition

7. Between elections, candidates depend on active party members to: a. organize fund-raisers. b. attend party meetings. c. conduct door-to-door canvasses. d. participate in Web campaigns. e. organize speeches and appearances.

c. conduct door-to-door canvasses

14. The growing detachment of voters from both major political parties is known as _____. a. realignment b. tipping c. dealignment d. political polarization e. segregation

c. dealignment

12. Beginning with the presidential elections of 2000, the term blue state has been used to describe a state in the United States whose citizens primarily vote for _____. a. the Democratic Party b. the Republican Party c. the Green Party d. the Libertarian Party e. the American Independent Party

a. the Democratic Party

53. Which of the following statements is true of voters who were young when Ronald Reagan was president? a.They tend to prefer Republicans. b. They tend to prefer Democrats. c. They tend to prefer Libertarians. d. They tend to identify as Independents. e. They support the Green Party.

a.They tend to prefer Republicans.

17. Beginning in 1800, the Federalists and Jefferson's Republicans held _____ to nominate candidates for president and vice president. a. caucuses b. direct primaries c. conventions d. open primaries e. closed primaries

a.caucuses

39. Who among the following can be considered a professional political consultant? a. A volunteer b. A diplomat c. A statesman d. A media adviser e. A party chairman

a. A volunteer

51. Which of the following parties was founded by Theodore Roosevelt and served to prevent President Taft's reelection by splitting the Republican Party? a. Bull Moose Progressive Party b. People's Party c. American Independent Party d. Whig Party e. Green Party

a. Bull Moose Progressive Party

41. The election of 1932 brought Franklin D. Roosevelt to the presidency and the__________back to power at the national level. a. Democrats b. Republicans c. Reform Party d. Whigs e. Loyalists

a. Democrats

45. _____ in his Farewell Address said that the "spirit of party . . . agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against another, foments occasionally riot and insurrection." a. George Washington b. John Adams c. Thomas Jefferson d. Andrew Jackson e. Daniel Webster

a. George Washington

30. Which of the following statements is true of the winner-take-all system? a. In this system, the candidate who receives the largest popular vote in a state is credited with all that state's electoral votes. b. In this system, the top two candidates who receive the largest number of votes have to contest in another round of elections. c. In this system, an elector must receive 538 electoral votes to win. d. In this system, the electoral votes must be distributed equally among the top three candidates. e. In this system, the party that wins all the electoral votes controls both chambers of Congress.

a. In this system, the candidate who receives the largest popular vote in a state is credited with all that state's electoral votes.

18. Which of the following statements is true of the national party committee? a. It is convened every four years during the summer before the presidential elections. b. Each state elects a number of delegates to the national party committee. c. A select group of key delegates writes the party platform. d. The delegates of the national party committee have the most important job of nominating the party's presidential and vice-presidential candidates. e. Members of the national party committee are elected by the local party organizations.

a. It is convened every four years during the summer before the presidential elections.

54. In 2008, Barak Obama gained an edge on his rivals in part because of his superior use of ____. a. new technologies b. direct mail c. opposition research d. microtargeting e. corporate fund-raising

a. new technologies

4. Which of the following statements is true of the generation that came of age during the Vietnam War? a. It is skeptical of American interventionism in foreign affairs. b. It believes that the federal government should step in during times of economic crisis. c. It believes that American intervention in foreign wars should be encouraged. d. It supports the Republican Party. e. It believes that the Democratic Party is concerned about the fate of ordinary people.

a. It is skeptical of American interventionism in foreign affairs.

32. Which of the following statements is true of a special election? a. It is used to fill vacancies that occur by reason of death. b. It is held every four years at the national level to elect the president. c. It is held at the national level when a bureaucrat is removed from office due to treason. d. It is a regularly scheduled election held in even-numbered years. e. It is held annually in the month of October.

a. It is used to fill vacancies that occur by reason of death.

10. Which of the following best describes soft money? a. It refers to the campaign contributions that are not regulated by federal law. b. It is a candidate's contribution for his or her own campaign. c. It is the money spent by a corporation on independent political activities. d. It refers to the money raised through social networking sites. e. It is the money provided by the government to conduct presidential primaries.

a. It refers to the campaign contributions that are not regulated by federal law

22. Which of the following is true of Sunday early voting in North Carolina that has been eliminated? a. It refers to the practice of marching as a group to polling places at the conclusion of Sunday services. b. It refers to the practice of queuing at the polling places if the election was to be held on a Sunday. c. It refers to the practice of holding rallies every Sunday prior to Election Day. d. It refers to the practice of conducting fraudulent activity checks every Sunday. e. It refers to the practice of giving interviews by electoral contestants every Sunday to attract early voters.

a. It refers to the practice of marching as a group to polling places at the conclusion of Sunday services.

34. In the context of the act of moving up the primaries of certain states, which of the following was a fear harbored by many Americans? a. Long-shot candidates would no longer be able to propel themselves into serious contention by doing well in small early-voting states. b. There would be insufficient time to conduct invisible primaries. c. Media attention and publicity would be compromised for presidential candidates. d. Small early-voting states, such as New Hampshire, would have an upper hand over wealthier states. e. There would be insufficient time for candidates to raise funds for political campaigns and to gain popularity.

a. Long-shot candidates would no longer be able to propel themselves into serious contention by doing well in small early-voting states.

4. __________are party members who help to organize and oversee party functions and planning during and between campaigns, and may even become candidates for office. a. Party activists b. Party identifiers c. Party supporters d. Lobbyists e. Party-line voters

a. Party activists

57. _____ is defined as mutual agreement among the members of a particular group. a. Solidarity b. Bargain c. Connectivity d. Patronage e. Ward

a. Solidarity

40. Which of the following statements is true of the right to vote? a. The African Americans were given the right to vote in 1944. b. Prisoners in the United States have the right to vote. c. The voting age for U.S. citizens is 21 years. d. In the United States, voters do not have the right to vote for public-policy decisions. e. The right to vote helps keep elected officials accountable.

a. The African Americans were given the right to vote in 1944.

30. Which of the following amendments gave residents of the District of Columbia the right to vote for president and vice president? a. The Twenty-third Amendment b. The Twenty-fourth Amendment c. The Nineteenth Amendment d. The Fifteenth Amendment e. The Twenty-sixth Amendment

a. The Twenty-third Amendment

17. Which of the following statements is true of the relationship between religious and ethnic background and voter attitudes? a. White Christian voters who attend church rarely are more likely to favor the Republicans. b. Jewish voters are strongly Democratic, regardless of whether they attend services. c. Today, the number of churches that promote conservative values is much lesser than those that promote liberal ways of thinking. d. African Americans are one of the most solidly Republican constituencies in the United States. e. Today, Muslim Americans are the most Republic religious group in the United States.

a. White Christian voters who attend church rarely are more likely to favor the Republicans.

55. Which of the following fund raising techniques has been called "a one-day fund-raising frenzy"? a. a moneybomb b. microtargeting c. a filibuster d. a ground game e. an air game

a. a moneybomb

48. People and institutions that influence the political views of others are known as ____. a. agents of political socialization b. media influencers c. peer leaders d. the general electorate e. deciders

a. agents of political socialization

44. In the 2012 presidential elections, Barack Obama: a. carried the female vote by 55 to 44 percentage points. b. carried the male vote by 55 to 44 percentage points. c. won the male vote by a 52 to 45 point margin. d. lost the female vote by a 40 to 52 point margin. e. won the female vote by a 52 to 45 point margin.

a. carried the female vote by 55 to 44 percentage points.

27. In the context of American political parties, the party in government helps to organize the government's agenda by: a. coaxing and convincing its own party members in office to vote for its policies. b. gaining the financial support of lobbyists. c. supporting nonpartisan elections. d. electing the delegates to the national party committee. e. influencing the national party chairperson to take decisions in its favor.

a. coaxing and convincing its own party members in office to vote for its policies.

38. The vice president serves a term of _____ years. a. four b. two c. six d. five e. eight

a. four

23. The true result of a public opinion poll: a. is a range of probabilities. b. is a single figure. c. needs to be kept anonymous. d. is not statistical. e. gives a clear winner.

a. is a range of probabilities.

14. Each state in the United States has as many electoral votes as__________. a. it has senators and representatives b. its number of political parties c. it has representatives of Congress d. its number of major cities e. its number of counties

a. it has senators and representatives

41. In 2004, President George W. Bush's chief political adviser, Karl Rove, pioneered a new campaign technique known as _____. a. microtargeting b. narrowcasting c. filibustering d. lobbying e. stumping

a. microtargeting

29. In 1832, the National Republicans and the Democratic Party settled on a new method of choosing candidates for president and vice president called the _____. a. national nominating convention b. presidential caucus c. closed primary d. presidential primary e. invisible primary

a. national nominating convention

19. In a semiclosed primary, _____. a. voters are allowed to register with a party on Election Day b. voters are required to fund the election campaign of their choice c. voters are allowed to vote for a party's candidates regardless of whether they belong to the party d. voters who contest elections as independents are automatically enrolled in the party for whom they vote e. voters could choose the candidates of more than one party

a. voters are allowed to register with a party on Election Day

15. Opinion leaders are: a. well-known people who are able to influence others. b. limited to political figures. c. limited to media figures. d. unlikely to participate in elections. e. limited to religious figures.

a. well-known people who are able to influence others.

12. Unlike super political action committees, 527 committees: a. were prohibited from directly supporting or opposing a specific candidate. b. were prohibited from expressly advocating specific issues pertaining to the general public. c. could make limited contributions directly to campaigns. d. could run negative ads to damage a candidate's opponents. e. accentuated the positives about a specific candidate.

a. were prohibited from directly supporting or opposing a specific candidate.

25. The__________is a secret ballot that is prepared, distributed, and counted by government officials at public expense. a. Australian ballot b. French ballot c. Canadian ballot d. British ballot e. Butterfly ballot

a.Australian ballot

18. Which of the following statements is true of a direct primary? a. The elections that nominate presidential candidates are typically direct primaries. b. The elections that nominate candidates for Congress are almost always direct primaries. c. Voters choose delegates, who in turn choose candidates. d. Voter turnout for direct primaries is higher than it is in general elections. e. Voters typically choose candidates of more than one party.

a.The elections that nominate presidential candidates are typically direct primaries

5. When the Citizens United decision was handed down, a flood of corporate cash was expected to enter the political system. The ruling did result in more corporate and union spending, but far less than anticipated because__________. a) many companies were reluctant to take stands that might alienate a large number of customers B) many companies were running losses as a result of an economic recession c) political parties refused to accept money from private corporations and unions d) political parties wanted a more reliable source of funds to finance their ongoing E) political campaigns political parties used significantly less money for campaigns

a.many companies were reluctant to take stands that might alienate a large number of customers

3. When e-mail fund-raising was newly introduced, one of the problems faced was that: a. many people were not yet online. b. the lists of prospects needed to be carefully prepared. c. only Republicans benefited from it. d. the cost of e-mailing was very high. e. only conservatives benefited from it.

a.many people were not yet online

52. Which of the following groups of people, who previously had been overwhelmingly Republican, joined the Democrats in large numbers during Roosevelt's New Deal? a. Irish Americans b. African Americans c. Catholic Americans d. Asian Americans e. Protestant Americans

b. African Americans

24. The 501c's ability to hide its contributors created a new campaign-finance issue. Which of the following best describes the views of Democrats? a. Democrats argued that the right to freedom of association would be violated if donor anonymity is encouraged. b. Democrats argued that anonymous contributions were simply a further corruption of the political process. c. Democrats argued that revealing the identity of donors would limit the amount contributed to political campaigns. d. Democrats argued that unaccounted contributions would provoke the Supreme Court to limit campaign financing. e. Democrats argued that donors needed the right to remain anonymous so that they would not have to fear retribution.

b. Democrats argued that anonymous contributions were simply a further corruption of the political process.

8. Which of the following instances of the 1930s was referred to as the New Deal? a. George Washington's farewell address that legalized slavery b. Franklin D. Roosevelt's programs to fight the Great Depression c. The splitting of Jefferson's Republicans into two groups d. The new Republican coalition cemented by Ronald Reagan e. The support gained by the Whigs from bankers, business owners, and many southern planters

b. Franklin D. Roosevelt's programs to fight the Great Depression

20. Which of the following was a benefit of early voting at polling places that was demonstrated in the 2012 elections? a. It allowed the voters to use absentee voting. b. It allowed election workers time to ensure that all systems were working properly by Election Day. c. It allowed the people to visit the polling place and decide the candidate of their choice. d. It gave the candidates the opportunity to meet prospective voters at the polling place. e. It allowed the election workers to carry the systems to their home where they could count the votes at leisure.

b. It allowed election workers time to ensure that all systems were working properly by Election Day.

24. Which of the following statements is true of voting requirements for voters in the United States? a. All voters should be twenty-one years of age. b. Voters should be citizens of the United States. c. Voters should abide by a residency requirement of at least sixty days. d. Noncitizens need to take the president's permission to cast their vote. e. To be exempted from voting, a voter needs to produce a medical certificate.

b. Voters should be citizens of the United States.

54. Which of the following statements is true of Catholic voters? a. White Catholic voters tend to identify as independent. b. White Catholics today are as likely as their Protestant neighbors to support Republicans. c. Hispanic Catholic voters tend to prefer Libertarians. d. White Catholic voters today are likely to be Democrats. e. A century ago, white Catholic voters were likely to be Republicans.

b. White Catholics today are as likely as their Protestant neighbors to support Republicans.

31. In today's presidential contests, states in the South, the Great Plains, and parts of the Rocky Mountains _____. a. swing from party to party b. are strongly Republican c. are firmly Democratic d. do not favor any party e. favor the independent candidates

b. are strongly Republican

12. In the context of public opinion and voting, women on average are more likely than men to _____. a. support the conservative values and beliefs of the community. b. believe in the conservative values of self-reliance. c. be narrow-minded and skeptical about the happenings around them. d. believe in following traditional gender roles. e. have a stronger commitment to the liberal value of community.

b. believe in the conservative values of self-reliance.

50. A person selected to represent the people of one geographic area at a party convention is known as a ____. a. caucus candidate b. delegate c. party nominated candidate d. write-in candidate e. self-proclaimed candidate

b. delegate

32. In the United States today, citizens who are at least__________years of age and who are not felons have the right to vote. a. sixteen b. eighteen c. seventeen d. fifteen e. twenty-one

b. eighteen

1. In most states, the _____ provides the list of registered voters and makes certain that only qualified voters cast ballots. a. super political action committee b. election board c. electorate d. credentials committee e. 527 committee

b. election board

1. The Federalists supported a strong central government that would: a. oppose the ratification of the Constitution. b. encourage the development of commerce and manufacturing. c. encourage the development of cottage industries and the farming sector. d. support the two-party political system. e. encourage the development of the farming sector.

b. encourage the development of commerce and manufacturing.

29. In the context of economic status and occupation influencing public opinions, business managers are most likely to: a. favor government assistance programs for employees working in business houses. b. favor tax laws helpful to businesses. c. favor the views of opinion leaders who support social causes. d. support government spending in their business area. e. support a government that provides aids to the needy.

b. favor tax laws helpful to businesses.

43. Jeffersonian Republicans believed that the nation's welfare would be best served if: a. it was ruled by its wealthiest and best-educated citizens. b. government policies served farming interests. c. the government had more power than the states. d. government policies promoted the development of commerce. e. the government dominated Congress.

b. government policies served farming interests.

6. The framers of the Constitution: a. granted suffrage to all those who professed a belief in Christianity. b. granted the power to set suffrage qualifications to the individual states. c. limited suffrage to those who had been delegates to the Constitutional Convention. d. limited suffrage to adult white males and females who owned property. e. granted suffrage to all persons over the age of twenty-one.

b. granted the power to set suffrage qualifications to the individual states.

13. In the 1890s, the Populists—the People's Party—advocated _____ as a way of lessening the debts of farmers in the West and South. a. farming b. inflation c. slavery d. trading e. labor growth

b. inflation

17. The Free Soil Party organized in 1848 to oppose the expansion of slavery into the western territories is an example of a(n) _____. a. ideological party b. issue-oriented party c. personality party d. traditional party e. splinter party

b. issue-oriented party

20. To be elected, a presidential candidate must receive: a. half of the 538 electoral votes available. b. more than half of the 538 electoral votes available. c. three-fourth of the 538 electoral votes available. d. more than half of the 600 electoral votes available. e. three-fourth of the 600 electoral votes available.

b. more than half of the 538 electoral votes available.

3. The party in the electorate consists: a. of members who regard themselves as independents. b. of all the people who describe themselves as Democrats or Republicans. c. only of those members who are electoral candidates. d. exclusively of party identifiers. e. exclusively of party activists.

b. of all the people who describe themselves as Democrats or Republicans.

53. The attempt to learn damaging information about an opponent in a political campaign is known as ____. a. campaign strategy b. opposition research c. political consulting d. primary research e. damage control

b. opposition research

51. Associates, often close in age to one another; that may include friends, classmates, co-workers, club members, or religious group members, are known as a _____. a. political crew b. peer group c. family unit d. political team e. voting block

b. peer group

33. Splinter parties that develop out of a split within a major party are also known as _____. a. ideological parties b. personality parties c. conservative parties d. reformed parties e. issue-oriented parties

b. personality parties

10. The Bull Moose Party is an example of a(n)__________. a. ideological party b. personality party c. conservative party d. issue-oriented party e. communist party

b. personality party

31. A general election is a regularly scheduled election to choose__________. a. mayors b. senators c. governors d. sheriffs e. federal justices

b. senators

25. Beginning with the presidential elections of 2000, the term red state has been used to describe a state in the United States whose citizens primarily vote for _____. a. the Democratic Party b. the Republican Party c. the Green Party d. the Libertarian Party e. the American Independent Party

b. the Republican Party

35. One consequence of the distinctive conservatism of southern white voters is that: a. the concept of a "white vote" has emerged. b. the concept of a "white vote" is misleading. c. the concepts of a southern "white vote" and a northern "white vote" are no longer different. d. the white working-class problem has been eliminated. e. support for the democrats has evolved.

b. the concept of a "white vote" is misleading.

24. The United States has a two-party system which means that: a. only two parties nominate candidates to run in general elections. b. the two major parties—the Democrats and the Republicans—dominate national politics. c. candidates must belong to one of the two major parties to run in state elections. d. all voters identify with either the Democratic Party or the Republican Party. e. third parties are not allowed to be formed in this country.

b. the two major parties—the Democrats and the Republicans—dominate national politics.

33. The District of Columbia has: a. no electoral votes because it is not a state. b. three electoral votes, even though it is not a state. c. five members in the House of Representatives, so it has five electoral votes. d. thirteen electoral votes, representing the thirteen original colonies. e. two members in the Senate, so it has two electoral votes.

b. three electoral votes, even though it is not a state.

18. Polling firms respond to the difficulties of obtaining a body of respondents that truly reflects the population at large by: a. sampling the responses of the target group. b. weighting the responses of various groups. c. randomly selecting the best responses. d. counting the number of positive responses. e. counting the number of negative responses.

b. weighting the responses of various groups.

13. In self-nomination, the most common way to become a candidate for a local government post, a candidate _____. a. is first nominated by a political party b. writes his or her name on the ballot on Election Day c. files a petition to be listed on the ballot d. should be a popular local personality e. should belong to a minority

b. writes his or her name on the ballot on Election Day

8. Which of the following is true of primary elections? a. Voters select the candidates of their party, who will then run in the general election. b. Candidates who win general elections contest in primary elections. c. Candidates who contest in primary elections are appointed by local party officials, who are usually called bosses. d. Voter turnout is generally higher in primary elections than in general elections. e. Voters are allowed to choose the candidates of more than one party.

b.Candidates who win general elections contest in primary elections

7. _____ are representatives from each political party who are allowed to monitor voting places to make sure that the election is run fairly. a. Delegates b. Poll watchers c. Electors d. Political consultants e. Pollsters

b.Poll watchers

15. In the context of the second realignment in American history, the Democrats appealed to: a. merchants. b. small farmers. c. bankers. d. business owners. e.foreign traders.

b.small farmers

9. Which of the following statements is true of a house effect? a. Polling firms with a house effect are always right. b. All polling firms face the house effect during elections. c. A firm with a house effect is not always wrong. d. Polling firms that exhibit a house effect miss out on important points unlike its competitors. e. Polling firms with a house effect are disqualified from voting in elections.

c. A firm with a house effect is not always wrong.

32. After Thomas Jefferson won the presidency and his party won control of Congress, the__________never returned to power and became the first American political party to go out of existence. a. People's Party b. Whigs c. Federalists d. National Republicans e. Bull Moose Party

c. Federalists

28. Which of the following statements is true of the Help America Vote Act passed by Congress in 2002? a.It reduced the minimum voting age to eighteen for all elections. b. It encouraged the African Americans to vote by eliminating the poll tax. c. It provided funds to the states to help them purchase new electronic voting equipment. d. It automatically registered voters who were of voting age and had a driving license. e. It made it mandatory for voters to register through the mail-in process.

c. It provided funds to the states to help them purchase new electronic voting equipment.

15. Which of the following statements is true of recent political fund-raising efforts? a. The microtargeting campaigning technique was pioneered by Hillary Clinton. b. In 2012, Mitt Romney's microtargeting operation vastly outperformed Barack Obama's. c. One of the defining characteristics of Barack Obama's fund-raising campaign was its decentralization. d. Conservatives have become the most effective fund-raisers with the onset of new Internet technology. e. Mitt Romney pioneered the online moneybomb fund-raising technique in 2008.

c. One of the defining characteristics of Barack Obama's fund-raising campaign was its decentralization.

45. Which of the following statements is true of the influence of education on an individual's political attitudes? a. The level of education seldom influences a person's political values. b. Schools generally make efforts to slow down the political socialization of students. c. Students with more education have more knowledge about politics than those with less education. d. The process of political socialization begins by the time students complete their education. e. Schools typically encourage students to actively participate in politics.

c. Students with more education have more knowledge about politics than those with less education.

44. Which of the following parties argued against ratification of the Constitution? a. The Green Party b. The Republican Party c. The Anti-Federalist Party d. The Federalist Party e. The Libertarian Party

c. The Anti-Federalist Party

27. Which of the following was used to discourage the African Americans and the poor whites from voting? a. The voting ticket b. The citizenship clause c. The poll tax d. The primary tax e. The election ticket

c. The poll tax

52. Why have candidates increasingly turned to professionals to manage their campaigns? a. Professionals are less expensive b. Professionals have more experience c. Today party organizations are no longer as important as they once were in providing campaign services d. Professionals make use of research e. Professionals ensure that people vote

c. Today party organizations are no longer as important as they once were in providing campaign services

48. Which of the following statements is true of the history of American political parties? a. Political parties were embraced by America's founding fathers as a necessary element of a functioning democracy. b. The role of political parties was clearly defined by America's founders. c. Two major political factions were formed in America even before the Constitution was ratified. d. Throughout the course of American history, the major political parties have not changed their ideologies. e. The Democratic Party was the first political party in America.

c. Two major political factions were formed in America even before the Constitution was ratified.

40. Which of the following statements is true of an indirect primary? a. Voter turnout for indirect primaries is higher than it is in general elections. b. Voters cast their ballots for candidates who will run in the general election. c. Voters choose delegates, who in turn choose candidates to represent their party. d. Voters nominate candidates for Congress almost always through indirect primaries. e. Voters typically choose candidates of more than one party.

c. Voters choose delegates, who in turn choose candidates to represent their party.

13. Which of the following voting advantages was given to the residents of the District of Columbia? a. Voters could ask volunteers to cast the vote on their behalf. b. Voters could choose to mail-in their votes. c. Voters could register up to or even on voting day. d. Voters could choose to vote at a date convenient for them. e. Voters are not required to register with local officials before voting.

c. Voters could register up to or even on voting day.

39. Which of the following functions is performed at the national conventions? a. Organizing the grassroots foundation of party supporters b. Directing the work of the national committee c. Writing a party platform d. Helping elect party members to Congress e. Recruiting new voters

c. Writing a party platform

46. An elector is: a. a person running for office. b. a citizen who votes. c. a member of the electoral college. d. elections law enforcement. e. a person who is elected to office.

c. a member of the electoral college.

16. Tipping can happen due to: a. balanced number of all types of voters in a state. b. absence of independent voters in a state. c. changes in education levels and occupations. d. increasing polarization of political parties. e. changing political identities of voters.

c. changes in education levels and occupations.

38. For established voters, _____, a standing allegiance to a political party, is one of the most important and lasting predictors of how a person will vote. a. political identity b. political position c. party identification d. party strength e. party involvement

c. party identification

2. The Twenty-fourth Amendment outlawed _____ in national elections. a. white primaries b. literacy tests c. poll taxes d. discrimination based on race e. the grandfather clause

c. poll taxes

54. In the 2016 presidential election, Hilary Clinton won Minnesota even though Donald Trump won in almost all of the ____ counties in the state. a. border b. majority white c. rural d. urban e. majority African American

c. rural

8. A__________is a nonscientific poll in which there is no way to ensure that the opinions expressed are representative of the larger population being polled. a. decision poll b. statistical poll c. straw poll d. model poll e. telephone poll

c. straw poll

20. The structure of each political party's national organization includes four major elements: a. the national convention, the national chairperson, the state central committees, and the congressional campaign committees. b. state party organizations, the state central committees, the national chairperson, and the national committee. c. the national convention, the national committee, the national chairperson, and the congressional campaign committees. d. wards, precincts, state central committees, and the national convention. e. the presidential candidate, the state party chairpersons, the congressional campaign committees, and the delegates.

c. the national convention, the national committee, the national chairperson, and the congressional campaign committees.

21. By the end of George Washington's eight years in office, political divisions among the nation's leaders had solidified into political parties. One such political party was _____. a. the Democratic Party b. the Libertarian Party c. Jefferson's Republicans d. the National Republicans e. the Anti-Federalist Party

c.Jefferson's Republicans

26. To run a successful campaign, which of the following is a responsibility of the campaign staff? a. To cast ballots in the electoral college b. To supervise the voting process in each precinct c. To persuade the voters to go to the polls d. To ensure that only qualified voters cast ballots e. To see that voting machines are available at the polling place

c.To persuade the voters to go to the polls

34. Today, the most reputable polls sample between__________people. a. 100 and 500 b. 50 and 100 c. 500 and 800 d. 1,000 and 1,500 e. 5 and 10

d. 1,000 and 1,500

22. Identify a provision that resulted from the 1974 amendments to the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971. a. It removed restrictions on the amount that could be spent on mass media advertising. b. It removed restrictions on how much individuals and groups could contribute to candidates. c. It allowed corporations and labor unions to participate directly in political campaigns. d. It created the Federal Election Commission to prevent corporations from setting up political action committees. e. It created the Federal Election Commission to administer and enforce the act's provisions.

d. It created the Federal Election Commission to prevent corporations from setting up political action committees.

21. _____ were used in many southern states to limit the participation of African Americans in elections. a. Statistical tests b. Emotional Intelligence tests c. Talent tests d. Literacy tests e. Aptitude tests

d. Literacy tests

57. In 2013, The Supreme Court threw out the formula in the ____ that determined which states and localities must obtain preclearance, claiming that the rules were obsolete. a. Civil Rights Act of 1960 b. Nineteenth Amendment c. Bill of Rights d. National Voter Registration Act e. Voting Rights Act

d. National Voter Registration Act

19. According to a Pew Research Center survey, which of the following is one of the reasons for low voter turnout? a. Nonvoters are restricted from voting due to their low income. b. Women are less liberal in their outlook as compared to men and do not want to vote. c. Nonvoters lack the confidence to cast their votes. d. Nonvoters do not feel they have a duty to vote. e. Men do not want to cast their votes because they are busy at work.

d. Nonvoters do not feel they have a duty to vote.

11. In the context of public opinions, which of the following statements is true of the media? a. The media have negligible impact on the political socialization of high school students as their respective families have a stronghold over them. b. Political information available on social media is typically unreliable. c. The media tend to wield the most influence over the views of persons who have not yet formed opinions about various political issues or candidates. d. People go online, watch television, or read articles without any preconceived ideas about the political issues. e. Politicians should publicize themselves using means other than social media as it causes the house effect.

d. People go online, watch television, or read articles without any preconceived ideas about the political issues.

56. The legal right to vote is known as ____. a. The First Amendment b. The Second Amendment c. Voting Rights d. Suffrage e. Voting Status

d. Suffrage

42. Which of the following resulted from the southern resentment of the Republicans for their role in the "War between the States" and their support of African Americans in the postwar era? a. The Experimental South b. The Fixed South c. The Southern bias d. The Solid South e. The Southern divide

d. The Solid South

7. In the context of the influence of occupation and income on the attitudes of voters, which of the following is the reason behind businesspersons opting to vote for the Republican Party? a. The party favors institutional and social changes. b. The party members hold a history of supporting labor unions in business houses. c. The party encourages the youth to contest in elections. d. The party adopts a pro-business stand. e. The party supports low-income sections of society.

d. The party adopts a pro-business stand.

28. What is most likely to happen when the leader around whom a splinter party is formed steps aside? a. The party will be renamed. b. The party will face dealignment. c. The party will have to change its label. d. The party will collapse. e. The party will become ineligible for elections.

d. The party will collapse.

16. What is the primary goal behind the implementation of new restrictive voting laws by states? a. To prevent the manipulation of the grandfather clause b. To increase voter turnout c. To encourage the absentee ballot service d. To reduce voter fraud e. To monitor the men to women voting ratios

d. To reduce voter fraud

28. The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002: a. eliminated public financing for presidential primaries and general elections. b. set the amount that an individual could contribute to a federal candidate at $8,000. c. prohibited special interest groups from making independent expenditures in election campaigns. d. banned soft money at the national level and regulated campaign ads paid for by interest groups. e. allowed issue-advocacy commercials within thirty days of a primary election.

d. banned soft money at the national level and regulated campaign ads paid for by interest groups.

27. In a blanket primary, voters _____. a. are required to declare their party affiliations on Election Day b. can choose either the Democratic ballot or the Republican ballot, but not both c. participate in the primary of the party with which they are registered d. could choose the candidates of more than one party e. are required to register online on the day of the election

d. could choose the candidates of more than one party

10. The intent of push polls is to: a. back the winning candidate. b. identify voters with fake voter's registration. c. estimate the voter turnout after weighting the responses to the poll. d. drive voters away from one candidate and toward another. e. provide adequate information to the voters about the upcoming elections.

d. drive voters away from one candidate and toward another.

41. Political analysts believe that a__________became a major determinant of voter decision making in the 1980 presidential elections. a. gender role b. gender bias c. gender juncture d. gender gap e. gender change

d. gender gap

38. A single-member district: a. does not allow independent candidates to contest in state elections. b. is where the parliament elects one member from each district to their state legislature. c. is represented by multiple elected officials from different parties, according to the proportion of the vote each party receives. d. is where voters elect one member from their district to the House of Representatives and to their state legislature. e. does not include federal and state legislative districts.

d. is where voters elect one member from their district to the House of Representatives and to their state legislature.

37. The _____ consists of the political party leaders who direct party business during the four years between the national party conventions. a. special interest group b. national party platform c. issue advocacy group d. national party committee e. political action committee

d. national party committee

51. In which type of primary do voters receive both a Republican ballot and a Democratic ballot? a. caucuses b. direct primaries c. semiopen primaries d. open primaries e. closed primaries

d. open primaries

31. One of the most important duties of the national party committee includes: a. drafting legislation to be introduced in the next session of Congress. b. taking part in nonpartisan elections. c. writing the party platform every two years. d. planning how to support the party's candidate in the next presidential election. e. providing funds for the national convention.

d. planning how to support the party's candidate in the next presidential election.

55. A preliminary election held for the purpose of choosing a party's final candidate is known as a(n) _____. a. election b. campaign c. coalition d. primary e. national convention

d. primary

43. The Federal Election Campaign Act allowed corporations, labor unions, and special interest groups to _____ to raise money for candidates. a. set up independent expenditure funds b. conduct invisible primaries c. set up political party caucuses d. set up national political action committees e. conduct closed primaries

d. set up national political action committees

43. The small, short-lived changes in polling results are caused due to random error known as: a. sampling bias. b. biased sampling. c. random sampling. d. statistical noise. e. polling bias.

d. statistical noise.

42. In the run-up to the 1828 elections, a new party known as _____ grew up around John Quincy Adams. a. the Democratic Party b. the Federalist Party c. Jefferson's Republicans d. the National Republicans e. the Anti-Federalist Party

d. the National Republicans

22. The Populists are also called _____. a. the Green Party b. the Socialist Party c. the Federalist Party d. the People's Party e. the Republican Party

d. the People's Party

40. After the 2010 elections, many of the new Republican members of Congress were pledged to: a. the Tea Party philosophy of liberalism. b. the Tea Party's plans of breaking political deadlock in Washington. c. the Tea Party's plans of moving the Republican Party toward more liberal positions. d. the Tea Party philosophy of no-compromise conservatism. e. the Tea Party's plans of reducing the polarization in Congress.

d. the Tea Party philosophy of no-compromise conservatism

3. Complications for telephone poll takers include: a. the lack of network coverage. b. the rising costs of getting a cell phone connection. c. the high costs of installing a landline. d. the increase in the use of cell phones. e. its limitations to prerecorded messages.

d. the increase in the use of cell phones.

35. The first step to winning an election is: a. to contact a media house. b. consultation with the electoral college. c. the fund-raising process. d. the nomination process. e. the appointment of a campaign manager.

d. the nomination process.

36. Party identifiers are: a. the members of a political party who are identified easily by the people. b. those people who associate themselves as volunteers of a political party. c. the symbols used by a political party to popularize it among the public. d. those people who identify themselves as being members of a political party. e. those people who eventually become the candidates for office.

d. those people who identify themselves as being members of a political party.

49. A ____ candidate is one in which voters write the candidate's name on the ballot. a. nominated b. delegate c. party nominated d. write-in e. self-proclaimed

d. write-in

44. To be elected as the president, a candidate needs a minimum of__________votes. a. 350 b. 538 c. 435 d. 270 e. 100

d.270

9. Which of the following statements is true of a general election? a. It is used to fill sudden vacancies that occur by reason of death. b. It is carried out to elect the governors of states. c. It is held by the Senate to decide an issue before an upcoming special election. d. It is a regularly scheduled election held in even-numbered years. e. It is scheduled in an emergency situation to fill federal vacancies that occur by reason of resignations.

d.It is regularly scheduled election held in even-numbered years

53. Which of the following factors influences party identification? a. Race b. Age c. Income level d. Education e. All of the above

e. All of the above

49. Which of the following statements is true of the influence of family on an individual's political attitudes? a. The level of education seldom influences a person's political values. b. Most parents and caregivers deliberately set out to form their children's political ideas. c. Family is one of the least influential forces in political socialization. d. The process of political socialization begins by the time students complete their education. e. Children are socialized through hearing their parents' everyday conversations and observing their parents' actions and reactions.

e. Children are socialized through hearing their parents' everyday conversations and observing their parents' actions and reactions.

45. Which of the following is a limitation of the convention system that was used to nominate political party candidates? a. Convention meetings were unofficial meetings. b. Very few leaders were nominated through the convention system than through the caucus system of nominating. c. Only one candidate could be nominated in the convention system. d. The direct participation of ordinary voters in selecting delegates resulted in mob rule. e. Convention delegates were rarely chosen by a vote of the party's local members.

e. Convention delegates were rarely chosen by a vote of the party's local members.

6. The _____ evaluates the claims of national party convention delegates to be the legitimate representatives of their states a) electoral college b) Portfolio Committee c)527 d. electoral board e. Credentials committee

e. Credentials committee

37. In the context of elections, which of the following is true of the ground game? a. It refers to the use of advertising to promote the views of a presidential candidate. b. It is a colloquial term used to refer to a candidate's opponents. c. It involves making public appearances a month before a general election. d. It is the attempt to learn damaging information about an opponent in a political campaign. e. It emphasizes the importance of making human contact with target voters.

e. It emphasizes the importance of making human contact with target voters

23. The 501c's ability to hide its contributors created a new campaign-finance issue. Which of the following best describes the views of Republicans? a. Republicans argued that the right to freedom of association would be violated if donor anonymity was encouraged. b. Republicans argued that anonymous contributions were simply a further corruption of the political process. c. Republicans argued that revealing the identity of donors would limit the amount contributed to political campaigns. d. Republicans argued that unaccounted contributions would provoke the Supreme Court to limit campaign financing. e. Republicans argued that donors needed the right to remain anonymous so that they would not have to fear retribution.

e. Republicans argued that donors needed the right to remain anonymous so that they would not have to fear retribution.

48. What happens if no presidential candidate receives the required number of electoral votes required to become president? a. The popular vote is used to determine the next president. b. The senate chooses among the top three candidates. c. There is a national re-vote. d. The incumbent president chooses the next president from the top three candidates. e. The House of Representatives chooses among the top three candidates.

e. The House of Representatives chooses among the top three candidates.

9. Which of the following American political parties picked up the nickname "grand old party?" a. The Green Party b. The Socialist Party c. The Federalist Party d. The Democratic Party e. The Republican Party

e. The Republican Party

50. Which of the following is a result of The Great Depression? a. Political parties were added to the Constitution. b. The majority party continued in power. c. Franklin D. Roosevelt was unable to get re-elected. d. The belief that the GOP could manage the economy emerged as the dominant paradigm. e. The minority (opposition) party emerged as the majority party.

e. The minority (opposition) party emerged as the majority party.

21. Which of the following statements demonstrates the belief that compromise with the other party in the legislature is a form of betrayal? a. The minority party should not oppose majority-party measures. b. The independent voters are likely to increase in number over the years. c. The realignment process is often replaced by the dealignment process. d. The two-party system should be promoted in the United States. e. The minority party should not attempt to improve legislation proposed by the majority.

e. The minority party should not attempt to improve legislation proposed by the majority

33. Which of the following was upheld by the Supreme Court on the grounds that the political parties were private entities, not public, and thus could do as they wished? a. The cardinal ballot b. The black poll c. The ancestral poll d. The grandfather clause e. The white primary

e. The white primary

35. Why are third parties referred to as the unsung heroes of American politics? a. They eliminate the difference between the major and minor parties. b. They help the major parties win elections by splitting their votes. c. They have lasted longer than the two major parties. d. They provide a major economic benefit to the country. e. They bring new issues to the forefront of public debate.

e. They bring new issues to the forefront of public debate

55. A polling firm's report that President Barack Obama's popularity rating was, in five consecutive weeks, 45 percent, 43 percent, 44 percent, 47 percent, and 45 percent is most likely an example of ____. a. a sampling bias. b. a biased sampling. c. a random sampling. d. a polling bias. e. statistical noise.

e. statistical noise.

1. Which of the following is a new restrictive law implemented by Arizona? a. Voters must be twenty-one years of age to be eligible to vote. b. Voters must first obtain a driving license before registering to vote. c. Voters must cast their votes only through the mail-in voting system. d. Voters who have just turned eighteen should register themselves only on Election Day. e. Voters must provide his or her proof of citizenship to vote in state elections.

e. Voters must provide his or her proof of citizenship to vote in state elections.

14. In the state of Oregon, all elections, including presidential elections, are conducted exclusively: a. on the Internet. b. at polling places located inside school buildings and public libraries. c. through telephone. d. at polling places located in supermarkets. e. by mail.

e. by mail.

50. If a family's church emphasizes that society has a collective obligation to care for the poor, the children in that family may be influenced _____. a. to protest the electoral system b. to see the media as mostly lies c. to become independents d. in a conservative direction e. in a liberal direction

e. in a liberal direction

26. The Green Party, an issue-oriented party, did not fade into history because: a. it was formed by a leader with a strong personality. b. it believes in a particular political doctrine. c. it became indifferent to some of the minor social issues. d. it broadened its scope beyond just a single area of concern. e. it partnered with major parties to resolve social issues.

e. it partnered with major parties to resolve social issues.

58. A _____ is defined as a list of a political party's candidates for various offices. a. party list b. invitation c. ward d. patron list e. party ticket

e. party ticket

26. The reintroduction of electronic machines in many states in 2012 can be attributed to: a. the passing of the Help America Vote Act. b. the introduction of the grandfather clause. c. the requirement to provide proof of citizenship to be able to vote. d. the introduction of poll taxes. e. the development of voter-verified paper audit trail.

e. the development of voter-verified paper audit trail.

46. The number of people who are actually qualified to vote in an American election is referred to as the _____. a. voting ratio b. voter turnout c. voting community d. registered population e. vote-eligible population

e. vote-eligible population

11. According to some lawyers, a 501(c)4 organization could make limited contributions directly to a candidate's campaign: a. as long as it used the 527 designation when it did so. b. during the primaries but not in general elections. c. as long as the candidate belonged to a third party. d. provided that it also contributed to the party committee. e. without revealing the identities of its donors.

e. without revealing the identities of its donors.

2. _____ are party conventions held at the local level that elect delegates to conventions at the county or congressional district level. a. Confederates b. Conglomerates c. Open primaries d. Invisible primaries e. Caucuses

e.Caucuses