Political Parties, Candidates, and Campaigns: Defining the Voter's Choice

True or false: Local party organizations are stronger today than they were in the days of the political machines.

false

In the era of Jacksonian democracy, the efforts of local party organizations, along with the extension of voting rights to citizens without property, contributed to an almost ______ increase in election turnout.

fourfold

Which of the following are functions of political consultants? Multiple select question.

gathering voter opinions producing promotional materials advising on how to run a successful campaign

he fact that more white women than white men vote for the Democratic Party is an example of a(n) gap.

gender

Whereas Jefferson's party had operated largely at the leadership level, Jackson sought a(n):

grassroots party

Which type of third party is organized around a framework concerning the nature and role of government in society?

ideologically oriented parties

Political parties began to emerge in the United States

in spite of many of the founding fathers' mistrust of them

What percentage of voters today cast a split ticket?

less than 20 percent

The largest expenditure in presidential campaigns is for which of the following?

media

Local party organizations generally play an active role

only during campaign periods

A(n) ______ primary is one in which any registered voter, regardless of party affiliation, may vote.

open

A reason political parties have emerged whenever democracy has been established is that

political parties provide individuals a way to join together in order to exercise their collective influence

Today's political campaigns rely on which of the following to be successful?

pollsters. campaign strategists media producers.

An election in which voters choose the party's nominees is called a ______ election.

primary

Which type of third party arises from a belief that partisan politics is a corrupting influence that needs to be changed?

reform parties

he national, state, and local organizations of the Republican and Democratic parties are

relatively independent; that is, each level does not have much control over the others

Voting for a candidate's past performance rather than future promises is an example of what is called ______ voting.

retrospective

Which of the following voting blocs migrated to the Republican Party during the 1980s and 1990s?

southern whites

When casting a ______, citizens vote for candidates from different parties.

split ticket

In order to raise enough funds for their campaigns, political candidates raise money from all of the following groups except

state government

The in-party's chances of staying in power has historically depended primarily on

the condition of the economy

What is another name for the plurality system?

winner-take-all system

which of the following statements describe how the u.s. campaigns are both party centered candidate centered?

the same parties are represented nationwide.candidates organize their own campaigns.

America's plurality, or winner-take-all, system of electing candidates works to the disadvantage of

third parties

What is the purpose of a primary election (direct primary)?

to enable voters to select their respective party's candidates for a general election

Primaries in which candidates of both parties are on the same ballot and the first and second finishers compete in the general election are called ______ primaries.

top-two

The U.S. government functions as a(n) ______ system.

two party system

Current election laws in the United States favor

two-party system

Which of the following are distinct disadvantages of the rise of candidate-centered campaigns?

-They make it easier for officeholders to deny responsibility for government actions. -They provide opportunities for powerful interest groups to donate money to candidates.

What three basic elements are usually involved in a party realignment?

-a shift in voters' partisan support in elections -unusually powerful and divisive issues -an enduring change in the parties' policies and coalitions

Even if a third-party candidate fails to win an election, the candidate will sometimes accomplish which of the following?

-draw attention to an issue previously ignored by the two major candidates -encourage one or both major parties to address issues introduced by the third party

The rise of candidate-centered campaigns has had which of the following positive effects?

-encouraged national officeholders to respond to local issues -made it easier for political newcomers to win high office

African Americans are an important part of the Democratic Party's coalition; nearly ______ percent of them regularly vote for Democrats.

90%

What percentage of party activists work within local political party organizations?

95%

What relationship does the national Democratic or Republican Party have with the state and local parties?

All three levels are independent but work together.

Political parties and their ability to control politics in the United States.have been weakened by ______-centered campaigns.

Candidate

Which of the following states have closed/partially closed primaries?

North Carolina Nevada Florida

What usually happens after a third party is relatively successful in attracting votes during a U.S. national election?

One or both major parties will try to co-opt the issue or issues that made the third party successful.

A permanent shift in party allegiances or electoral support is known as a party

Realignment

Which is a reason that some scholars think we have moved into a new party alignment?

The Republican Party has become stronger in the South and the Democratic Party had become stronger in the Northeast.

Which of the following statements about televised debates in presidential campaigns are true?

They are usually part of presidential campaigns.

In politics, what do linkage institutions do?

They connect citizens with government.

Which of the following is true about candidate-centered campaigns?

They encourage national officeholders to be responsive to local interests.

How did many of the founders of the United States view political parties?

They viewed political parties with suspicion.

State party organizations are usually small and are directed by

a full-time chairperson

all party organizations have a responsibility to

build support among voters

Although party organizations still manage many tasks related to elections, the lead role in elections now lies with the

candidate

Political scientist Darrell West uses the term air wars to describe

candidates' use of televised ads