pols final

According to the Federal Election Commission (FEC), what is the maximum an individual can contribute to a political candidate's campaign committee?

$2,700

Which Reconstruction amendment created U.S. citizenship for recently freed slaves and overturned the Dred Scott decision?

14th Amendment

According to Figure 7.8, which of the following statements is true about voter turnout?

18-24 year olds have the lowest voter turnout

Which amendment grants women the right to vote?

19th amendment

Which constitutional amendment guarantees the rights of freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and free exercise of religion?

1st amendment

Which constitutional amendment prohibits poll taxes?

24th Amendment

Which constitutional amendment protects the right to "bear arms?"

2nd amendment

Which amendment protects Americans from unreasonable searches and seizures?

4th amendment

Which constitutional amendment guarantees the rights to trial by jury, to confront witnesses, and to have assistance from legal counsel?

6th amendment

The media's ability to choose which issues or topics get attention

Agenda Setting

A person or entity that teaches and influences others about politics through use of information

Agents of Socialization

According to Figure 10.2, which of the following industries contributed over $1 million to political candidates from 2015-2016?

All of the above

An individual person's knowledge, beliefs, and opinions about a particular public issue

Attitude (or Opinion)

A law or constitutional amendment proposed and passed by the voters and subject to review by the state courts; also called a proposition

Ballot Initiative

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the Bill of Rights does not apply to the actions of state and local governments?

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

The first ten amendments to the constitution are known as

Bill of Rights

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that Illinois did not violate the 14th amendment privileges and immunities clause when it refused to accept Myra Bradwell into the state bar because she was a woman

Bradwell v. Illinois (1872)

In this case, the Supreme Court ordered segregated public school be desegregated and overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Which law prohibited Chinese immigrants from entering the United States?

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

An election in which only voters registered with a party may vote for that party's candidates

Closed Primary

A political ideology that prioritizes individual liberties, preferring a smaller government that stays out of the economy

Conservative

Which law authorized the President to allot tribal lands to individual Indians and make surplus land available to White settlers?

Dawes Act (1887)

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that Black Americans could not become citizens of the United States?

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Lobbyists representing Apple, Microsoft, & the American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers are examples of which of the following type of interest groups?

Economic & Corporate Groups

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that a school prayer recommended by the State of New York violated the establishment clause of the 1st amendment

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Which clause of the 14th Amendment guarantees citizens "the equal protection of the laws?"

Equal protection clause

A Federal Communications Commission (FCC) policy that all candidates running for office must be given the same radio and television airtime opportunities

Equal time rule

The process of giving a news story a specific context or background

Framing

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty does not violate the 8th amendment protection against cruel and unusual punishment

Gregg v. Georgia (1976)

In which case did the Supreme Court establish the right to privacy?

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

The act of contacting and taking the organization's message directly to lawmakers in an attempt to influence policy

Inside Lobbying

Individuals who organize to influence the government's programs and policies

Interest Groups

Lobbyists representing the AFL-CIO & the American Federation of State, County, & Municipal Employees (AFSCME) are examples of which of the following type of interest groups?

Labor Groups

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that federal law involving religious entities must: (1) have a secular purpose; (2) not advance nor inhibit the exercise of religion; and (3) not foster excessive entanglement between church and state (aka "lemon test")

Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)

A political ideology focused on equality and supporting government intervention in society and the economy if it promotes equality

Liberal

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that a Virginia law prohibiting interracial marriage violated the 14th Amendment equal protection clause

Loving v. Virginia (1967)

A type of electoral system in which, to win a seat in parliament or other representative body, a candidate must receive a majority of all the votes cast in the relevant district

Majority System

In this case, the Supreme Court incorporated the 4th amendment and ruled that evidence obtained without a proper search warrant is inadmissible in court

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

In this case, the Supreme Court declared the right to "bear arms" a fundamental liberty and incorporated the 2nd amendment

McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010)

The congressional elections that occur in the even-numbered years between presidential election years, in the middle of the president's term

Midterm Election

In this experiment, participants were deceived into believing that they were administering electric shocks to a second participant who was actually part of the study

Milgram Experiment

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the criminally accused should be made aware of the following: (1) They have a right to remain silent; (2) Statements they make can be used against them; and (3) They have the right to an attorney

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the U.S. government could not prevent newspapers from publishing information about the Vietnam War

New York Times v. United States (1971)

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that state laws prohibiting same-sex marriage violate the 14th amendment equal protection clause

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

An election in which any registered voter may vote in any party's primary or caucus

Open Primary

Which 3 factors influence how the electorate decides to vote?

Partisanship, Issues & Policy Concerns, and Candidate Characteristics

The option in some states to register to vote and have a ballot automatically mailed to your home for each election

Permanent Absentee Ballots

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled Louisiana could legally segregate public railways and created the "separate but equal" doctrine

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

The theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government; the outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation

Pluralism

A type of electoral system in which, to win a seat in parliament or other representative body, a candidate need only receive the most votes in the election, not necessarily a majority of votes cast

Plurality System

A cohesive set of beliefs that forms a general philosophy about the role of government

Political Ideology

The process of learning the norms and practices of a political system through others and societal institutions

Political Socialization

The process of predisposing readers or viewers to think a particular way

Priming

A multiple-member district system that allows each political party representation in proportion to its percentage of the total vote

Proportional Representation

A collection of opinions of an individual or a group of individuals on a topic, person, or event

Public Opinion

The removal of a politician or government official by the voters. This happened to California Governor Gray Davis in 2003.

Recall Election

A yes or no vote by citizens on a law or candidate proposed by the state government

Referendum

The stipulation that citizen must live in a state for a determined period of time before a citizen can register to vote as a resident of that state

Residency Requirement

In this case, the Supreme Court established the "1 Person, 1 Vote" rule after the State of Alabama had not redrawn district lines since 1900

Reynolds v. Sims (1964)

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the right to privacy includes a woman's decision to have an abortion?

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Polling error that arises based on the small size of the sample

Sampling Error (or Margin of Error)

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the 1st amendment does not protect speech that presents a "clear and present danger" and upheld the Espionage Act of 1917

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Polling error that arises when the sample is not representative of the population being studied, which creates errors in overrepresenting or underrepresenting some opinions

Selection Bias

The gradual process of making some guarantees of the Bill of Rights (so far) apply to state governments and the national government

Selective Incorporation

A limited number of people from the overall population selected in such a way that each has an equal chance of being chosen

Simple Random Sample (or Probability Sample)

The effect that results when respondents in a survey report what they expect the interviewer wishes to hear rather than what they believe

Social Desirability Effect

A political ideology that emphasizes social ownership and strong government

Socialism

In this experiment, participants acting as guards became abusive towards subjects acting as imprisoned criminals

Stanford Prison Experiment

The practice of voting only for candidates from the same political party

Straight-ticket voting

An independent political action committee that may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, and individuals but is not permitted to contribute to or coordinate directly with parties or candidates

Super PAC

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the 1st amendment right to free speech protects the burning of the U.S. flag as a form of political speech

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

According to Gallup data, which of the following statements is true

There are more ideological conservatives than liberals

A government action that stops someone from doing something before they are able to do it (e.g., forbidding someone to publish a book he or she plans to release)

prior restraint

Literacy Tests are

tests that required the prospective voter in some states to be able to read a passage of text and answer questions about it; often used as a way to disenfranchise racial or ethnic minorities

Fox News is an ideologically conservative media outlet, while MSNBC is an ideologically liberal media outlet

true