Polysci chapter 5

How many Asian Americans currently serve in Congress?

12

Which amendment passed at the end of the war granted African American men the right to vote?

15th

Which constitutional amendment granted women the right to vote?

19th

In which year did the Supreme Court rule that forced busing violated student's constitutional right to equal protection under the law?

2007

What is "America's curse," according to the author of An American Dilemma?

discrimination

What took the heaviest toll on the Native American population after white settlers arrived in what is now the U.S.?

disease

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution was at the center of the argument in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?

equal-protection clause

What are comparable worth policies?

those that give women and men equal hourly pay for jobs that require similar training and education

What was the intention of the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling?

to maintain segregation while claiming equality

Among the laws passed in the 1960s and 1970s that gave women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting which of the following?

-certain employers from paying women less than men for doing the same job -sexual discrimination in access to financial credit -sexual discrimination in higher education

Which practices were banned as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1968?

-discriminatory practices in mortgage lending -discriminatory practices in housing -discriminatory real estate practices such as steering African American families to certain neighborhoods

Affirmative action policies have been used by ______ to expand opportunities for women and minority group members.

-educational institutions -employers

Which of the following are included in the concept of equal rights, or civil rights?

-equal access to the opportunities society provides -equal access to public facilities -the right of every person to equal protection under the law

Asian Americans are more likely than other minority groups to

-have a high median income. -be college educated.

Which of the following are rights gays and lesbians had to fight for in the U.S.?

-the right to have the same benefits as traditional couples -the right to keep their jobs regardless of their sexual orientation

What was the first result of the national boycott of California lettuce and grapes that was launched by Cesar Chavez?

California passed a law giving migrant workers the right to bargain collectively.

Which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?

Cesar Chavez

In 1968 Congress passed a law, the ______, that granted Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans.

Indian Civil Rights Act

n 1968 Congress passed a law, the ______, that granted Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans

Indian Civil Rights Act

Which of the following Native American tribes have a majority who speak native languages at home?

Navajo Pueblo

What is at the heart of many civil rights struggles for equality in the United States?

People hold deep-seated prejudices based on such things as race, color, and religion.

The Supreme Court ruled that the forced busing of children for the purpose of achieving racially integrated schools was constitutional in

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County.

What Sioux village has been the site of both a U.S. cavalry massacre of Native Americans and a modern protest?

Wounded Knee

As part of what movement did advocates for women's suffrage (voting rights) become active on a large scale?

abolitionist movement

The landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) resulted in many states offering ______ education in their public schools.

bilingual

Which term refers to the rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens under the equal protection and due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments?

civil rights

Although many Americans believe that the concept of ______ includes such things as access to jobs and health care, others argue that it means only that people are all treated the same under the law.

equality

In order to ensure equal employment opportunity for all, the federal government in the 1960s began to require agencies and businesses to

establish policies aimed at giving minority-group members equal opportunities to obtain jobs.

When white settlers first arrived in what is now the U.S., there were approximately 5 to 10 million Native American inhabitants. By 1900, there were

fewer than 1 million.

In general, the Supreme Court has held that gender discrimination in law

is almost always unconstitutional.

Which of the following minority groups make up the largest Hispanic population in the United States?

mexicans

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 classified which of the following as legally protected groups?

minorities women

At one time, banks engaged in a practice known as ______, refusing to grant mortgage loans to people who lived in certain neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods with large Black populations.

redlining

Which of the following best exemplifies the profound impact of the civil rights movement?

removing discrimination in voting requirements

Which is an accurate representation of the Hispanic population in the United States?

-Their numbers have more than doubled in the past twenty years. -The majority are immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean islands.

Which of the following accurately describes Native Americans today?

-They are less than half as likely as other Americans to have completed college. -Casino gambling has raised Native Americans' average income level, but it is still far below the national average.

Of the 500 largest U.S. corporations, about ______ percent are headed by women.

7

The Supreme Court decision in what case led many affirmative action opponents to believe that the Court may have been on its way to abolishing affirmative action completely?

Adarand v. Peña

Since the 1950s, how has the federal government responded to demands for equal rights for African Americans?

It passed a series of laws that secured fundamental rights for African Americans.

Which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage, citing it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses?

Obergefell v. Hodges

In Rostker v. Goldberg (1980) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of ______ classifications even though such classifications need to be scrutinized more closely than classifications by age or income.

gender

Hispanics who have immigrated to the U.S. are generally concentrated

in their states of entry.

Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ______ test.

strict-scrutiny

According to the Supreme Court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of

suspect classifications.

Which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?

-A state requires separate public bathrooms for black and white people. -Women are not allowed to vote in federal elections.

Which of the following statements about the Americans with Disabilities Act are true?

-It requires government agencies to take steps to make their buildings accessible to persons with disabilities. -It grants certain employment protections to persons with disabilities.

Which of the following statements about affirmative action are true?

-Most Americans support programs to give equal treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically. -Most Americans oppose programs that give preferential treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically.

The promise made by the phrase "all men are created equal" has done which of the following?

-been foundational in legal decisions -inspired a hope for eventual equality -given moral strength to diverse movements

Despite the Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, by the 1970s ______ percent of black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely black

95

How did Thomas Jefferson define the meaning of "all men are created equal"?

He did not believe there was a precise meaning.

In 1892, Congress suspended Asian immigration to the United States on the grounds that Asians

were an inferior people.

According to United States government statistics, roughly ______ percent of black children live in poverty, compared to ______ percent of white children.

35; 12

The type of discrimination in which traditionally disadvantaged groups have fewer opportunities because of prejudice despite legal protections is

de facto discrimination.

Despite the persisting issues of institutional racism, one area in which African Americans have made significant gains is in

winning elective office.