POM Ch. 12

Professors at OB University must follow strict guidelines when it comes to planning and delivering course material. This is an example of low ____.

Autonomy

____ is the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the desired outcome.

Instrumentality

At his review last year, Bryan was promised a 20 percent raise if he met his production goals. Raises were included in today's paychecks, and although Bryan has met all of his goals, he received only a cost-of-living raise. In the future, Bryan's ____ will probably be ____.

Instrumentality;low

____ is the process of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation.

Job enlargement

Part of the reforms that were being made focused on absenteeism. The head of the attendance office, Ayesha El-Amin Calhoun, even went so far as to offer attendance awards such as bus passes and MP3 players. This tactic would best be described as ____.

Positive reinforcement

An example of an intrinsic reward is ____.

Recognition

The office space at Hot Topic fosters collaboration and a sense of belonging. This most closely relates to which of the needs described in McClelland's acquired needs theory?

affiliation

Which of the following jobs are low in task identity?

assembly line worker

Job ____ is the opposite of ____.

enlargement; scientific management

Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories?

equity theory

If an employee with the same job and background at one of the Container Store's competitors is paid 50-100 percent less than a Container Store employee, the competitor's employee may decrease their effort at work. Which of the following theories most closely explains this behavior?

equity theory

Hot Topic has always emphasized recognizing employees for their work. Recognizing employees formally or informally for their work and accomplishments satisfies which level of Maslow's need hierarchy?

esteem

A person's belief that the effort they put into completing a task will leaf to performing at a desired level is called ____.

expectancy

After struggling with the accounting training, Peter is unsure whether he can complete the end-of-year financial reporting with no errors in the time allotted. In this case, Peter is low on the ____ element of expectancy theory.

expectancy

Bill has low self-efficacy. As a result, his ____ tends to be low.

expectancy

New employees at Torrid participate in customer-driven training that focuses on meeting tasks important to the company's success. Their belief that this effort will lead to higher sales is related to the ____ component of expectancy theory.

expectancy

It has been two years since any employee has received a bonus at Tech Outlet, and the possibility of getting one no longer seems to motivate employees. In this case, management has inadvertently applied ____.

extinction

Melissa is an engineer at Acme Consulting. She used to work from 8:30 am to 5:30 pm, but her boss told her she could come in at 9:00 am because of her great performance last year. However, this year Melissa is constantly arriving late to work. Her supervisor is looking to utilize extinction to remedy this behavior. Which of the following would be an example of extinction in this situation?

having Melissa go back to working from 8:30 am to 5:30 pm

Which of the following jobs exhibits the highest level of skill variety?

head chef

When using goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers should ____.

help workers understand and accept the goals.

Sharon has excelled as an auditor for a large financial consulting firm. She loves building mutually beneficial relationships and is extremely well liked by her clients. Sharon likely has a ____.

high need for affiliation

Hot Topic's concert reimbursement program has been very popular with the employees and helps overcome job dissatisfaction. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, the concert program would be considered a(n) ____ factor.

hygiene

The Container Store pays employees 50-100 percent above the retail industry average. Based on what you know about Herzberg's two-factor theory, this above-industry pay is most relayed to which factor?

hygiene

Hot Topic offers a 9/80 program (working 80 hours over 9 days with every other Friday off). This program would be considered a(n) ____ because it affects the job context in which people work.

hygiene factor

Angelo's boss frequently exhorts his subordinates to work harder by promising them a substantial bonus at the end of each quarter. However, bonuses are only sporadically awarded regardless of meeting performance goals. As a result, Angelo's ____ may be low.

instrumentality

According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor?

interpersonal relationships

Michele's job as an accounting assistant was recently modified to include reconciling bank accounts and making deposits, two tasks previously done by the accounting manager. This increase in responsibility would best be described as ____.

job enrichment

Betsy McLaughlin, the CEO of Hot Topic, says that fitting in is important for employees. Hot Topic tries to make all employees feel comfortable at the company so that they feel genuine friendship and belonging. Which level of Maslow's hierarchy does this describe?

love

Hot Topic offers and Employee of the Month (EOM) program in which employees are recognized with cash and an acknowledgement by executives. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, the EOM program would be considered a(n) ____.

motivating factor

Which of the following needs contained in Maslow's, Deci and Ryan's, and McClelland's theories would most likely motivate teachers to higher levels of performance?

need for achievement

All employees who have been with Acuity Insurance for fewer than five years are invited to special social events that range from happy hours and kayaking trips to bean bag tournaments, NCAA March Madness competitions, and other events that encourage employees to socialize. Which of McClelland's three needs seems to be addressed here?

need for affiliation

Shawn is required to be in the office Monday through Friday, but would really value the ability to work from home one day a week. Based on Shawn's above-average performance last year, his boss is allowing him to work from home on Fridays. This is an example of which of the following?

negative reinforcement

Jose has a summer job hand-dyeing shirts that will be sold on the boardwalk. He is paid $5.00 per shirt. Jose is being paid of a ____ compensation plan.

pay-for-performance

At Acuity Insurance 20-30 employees each month are recognized through the Magic Happens program. The program begins by posting any positive feedback from customers, agents, or colleagues outside the local cafeteria. Next, one employee is dram from this list and the positive feedback is shared over voicemail to all employees throughout the company. This employee also receives a $100 cash gift card. Based on reinforcement theory (Figure 12.10), what type of reinforcement does the Magic Happens program represent?

positive reinforcement

Nancy's employer distributes checks at the end of each quarter, representing an equitable portion of 5 percent of the company's pretax profits for the previous period. These checks represent ____.

profit sharing

Ted's manager required him to give up his company car because he had missed sales goals for four consecutive quarters. Ted's manager used ____.

punishment

Which of the following is NOT part of a simple model of motivation?

punishment

To achieve psychological growth, according to the self-determination theory, people need to satisfy the three innate needs: ____, autonomy, and competence.

relatedness

At the Container Store part-time workers also get health benefits. Moreover, the company matches employees' contributions to a 401(k) account up to 4 percent of pay. Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs (Figure 12.3) do these two programs cover?

safety

An accounting firm reimburses employees for tuition and fees if they complete job-related coursework with a B or better. The accounting firm's tuition-reimbursement policy helps its employees meet their ____ needs.

self-actualization

Hot Topic empowers its employees to achieve their full potential and "make a difference." Which level of Maslow's need hierarchy does this satisfy?

self-actualization

The Calhoun Challenge asked absentee students to sign in for some set number of days in a row. If the aim of this "challenge" was to help the students begin to see the connections between making an effort, attending school, and eventually cultivating relationships with the school and seeing the fruits of their efforts through better grades and understanding of school materials, which of the following theories best describes this process?

Expectancy theory

____ is the weakening of behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced.

Extinction

Reducing an employee's compensation because of poor performance is known as negative reinforcement.

False

The Calhoun Challenge asked absentee students to sign in for some set number of days in a row. The intention of this challenge is to increase the effort that students will put forth in attending school. Which of the following theories best describes this process as it is described in the question?

Goal-setting theory

Victoria runs a flower shop. She recently made some changes so that one employee answers phones and completes the order and payment process, while another creates arrangements, and a third packages and delivers floral arrangements. Previously, each employee was responsible for the order from the phone call through the delivery. Victoria has made changes to ____.

task identity

A janitor in a hospital is likely to feel higher levels of ____ than a janitor in a toilet paper factory.

task significance

Of the following, which is NOT a core job characteristic?

teamwork

Dick is a customer service representative for William's Global Paints in New York City. Dick enjoys living and working in New York City because of the availability of public transportation as he does not own a car. William's Global Paints recently announced that they are giving a free monthly parking space to the worker with the highest level of customer service. This announcement does not affect Dick's level of motivation due to the impact it has on his ____.

valence