Population Ecology

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What are the two methods used for estimating a population?

Mark and recapture and quadrant method

What are Density-independent factors?

are limiting factors whose influence are not affected by population density.

What are Limiting factors?

are things that prevent a population from growing any larger.

What type of population dispersion best represents what is happening in nature>

clumped

Population dispersion

describes how organisms are arranged within an area

Population size

describes the number of individual organisms present in a given population at a given time

Population density

describes the number of individuals within a population per unit area

Age structure

describes the relative numbers of organisms of each age with in a population

Population growth

determined by births, deaths, immigration, and emigration

Immigration

the number of individuals that move into the population

Emigration

the number of individuals that move out of the population

Which population of flamingos is more dense: 15 flamingos in a 5-square-meter area, or 40 flamingos in a 10-square-meter area?

40 flamingos in a 10-square meter area.

Which of the following is abiotic? A) Wellington the human B) an alligator C) grass D) water

D (but also A)

Community

All the populations in a particular area make up a community

How do you calculate population density?

# of organisms/land area

What is the formula for population change?

(Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration)

A community is several species of animals interacting while a population is A) members of one species in an area B) the biotic and abiotic elements of an area C) the nonliving elements of a habitat D) a single organism

A

An S shaped curve is characteristic of a ____ growth curve. A) logistic C) exponential

A

The largest population an environment can support is its A) carrying capacity B) limiting factor C) population D) symbiosis

A

Rocks, temperature, and water are what part of the environment? A) biotic B) abiotic C) population D) living

B

Which distribution pattern does territoriality produce? A) random B) uniform C) clumped D) none of the above, territoriality isn't important in determining distribution patterns.

B

Individual

Basic unit of study for an ecologist

If scientists are studying the egrets, herons, marsh crabs, and cordgrass, but not the water or rocks in a salt marsh, what level of organization would they be studying? A) individual organism B) population C) community D) ecosystem

C

Most populations are distributed A) uniformly B) randomly C) in clumps

C

What do several different populations living together make? A) a biosphere B) an organism C) a community D) an ecosystem

C

What are the three types of population dispersion

Clumped, uniform and random

What are the Levels of Ecological Organization?

Individual, Species, Population, Community, Ecosystem and Biospher

Population

Members if a species that live int the same are at the same time make up a population

Ecosystem

This level of ecological organization includes not only living things, but nonliving things as well

What are Density-dependent factors?

are limiting factors whose influence are affected by population density.

What is Logistic Growth?

how a population's initial exponential increase is slowed and finally stopped by limiting factors- until the population levels off and stabilizes around the carrying capacity. S-shaped curve.

Biosphere

includes all parts of the Earth that host life, with all its organisms and environments.

Species

is a group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring

What is Carrying Capacity?

is the maximum number of organisms in a population supported by an ecosystem's resources/limiting factors.

Ecology

is the study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environments. Ecologists study these interactions at many levels.

Sex ratio

proportion of males to females in the population

What is Exponential Growth?

regardless of population size, making the population grow faster and fast as it gets larger. J-shaped curve.


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