POS1041 CHP 7

Which of the following is an example of a public outreach campaign aimed at bringing about reforms in the American justice system?

#Blacklivesmatter

According to Robert Putnam, in what ways does social capital improve both individual lives and communities?

-It provides us with relationships that we can use to help solve common problems. -It increases efficacy because it stimulates people to interact with their governments. -It is a factor in living a longer, happier, and healthier life.

Which of the following are reasons that interest groups are dominated by individuals with higher levels of wealth and education?

-They likely have occupations in which interest group participation is helpful. -They are more likely to be informed of the issues and to understand the importance of interest groups in shaping policy. -They have more disposable income to spend on membership dues.

Which of the following factors within an interest group's organizational environment can increase its success?

-a lack of competition from opposing interest groups -highly skilled leadership within the group itself

Which of the following are examples of indirect strategies employed by interest groups in advancing their interests?

-creating public service announcements to be aired on television -hosting a protest on the steps of Congress

Which of the following are said to make up the iron triangle in policy making?

-organized interest groups -members of Congress -executive departments and agencies

Which of the following are key functions of interest groups?

-protect the common good -educate the public about policy issues -serve as a method for checks and balances

How does strong leadership contribute to an interest group's success?

-raises public awareness of the group and its activities -enhances the group's reputation -makes the group attractive to new members

E. E. Schattschneider and other political scientists like him believe that interest groups are valuable to the democratic process by doing which of the following?

-serving as a point of access to government -providing an avenue whereby people can influence the policy process

Which of the following are values of interest groups in American democracy?

-serving as a tool to help guide policy makers -serving as a mechanism for people to approach government

1. solidary 2. purposive 3. economic

1. joining because of social associations 2. joining because of similarly held beliefs 3. joining because certain services or activities

Becoming an interest group member satisfies which of the following?

A sense of belonging A desire for increased opportunities of occupational advancement

What is the primary difference between interest groups and political action committees (PACs)?

An interest group pursues the group's broad goals, while PACs raise and spend money to influence election outcomes.

Which types of interests would belong to public and ideological interest groups?

Consumer interests Religious interests

What makes indirect interest group strategies different from direct strategies?

Indirect strategies are directed more toward the public than elected officials.

How do interest groups foster civic participation?

Interest groups provide ways for people to organize to influence government.

Which is true of the 2018 Supreme Court case Janus v. United States?

It ended compelled union dues for public employees and will have widespread impact on the strength of public employee unions.

What is the effect of the presence of opposing interest groups on an interest group's success?

It makes it more difficult to get policymakers to act in any one group's favor.

Which political leader wrote that the government must dilute the influence of factions and interest groups by filtering their views through properly structured governing institutions?

James Madison

With which issue would public or consumer groups be most likely to concern themselves?

Social Security reform

Which person is most likely to become a member of an interest group?

a 23-year-old doctoral student in political science

What is an example of an economic interest group?

a labor union

Which person is least likely to become a member of an interest group?

a person from a working-class background

Which of the following would be the least likely to belong to a trade and professional interest group?

assembly line worker

Why do many interest groups form political action committees (PACs)?

because contributing to a candidate's campaign can help gain access for interest group lobbyists

How do political scientists generally categorize interest groups?

by what kinds of issues concern them and who benefits from their activities

Which of the following best describes an important characteristic for the leader of an interest group?

charismatic

Which type of group typically has a problem with free riders?

citizens' groups

Which membership characteristic relates to interest group success?

cohesion

What is a common tactic environmental groups employ to generate attention for their issue?

confrontational protests

Which of the following most accurately characterizes direct strategies?

contact between the interest group and policymakers

Foreign nationals are prohibited from

contributing money to American political campaigns.

Which of the following refer to the two types of strategies that interest groups use to advance their causes?

direct strategies indirect strategies

Which of the following most accurately describes an economic incentive to interest group membership?

discounts for members on hotels, airfares, and car rentals

Which is not a correct category of interest groups?

domestic

Working to influence the election of candidates who support their issues is referred to as

electioneering

Which theory states that a small, close-knit group of people who possess wealth and power control policy making in government?

elite theory

Two factors that impact the success of interest groups are a group's organizational resources and its organizational

environment

Professional interest groups only take a stand on issues that will directly affect their members' professional interests.

false

Research indicates that once an interest group has established itself, it is unaffected by the creation of other groups with similar agendas.

false

One of the factors included in the evaluation of an organization's resources is

financial potential

One example of an environmental interest group is

greenpeace

Increased interest group membership is most likely the result of which one of the following factors?

high income level

A purposive incentive to join an interest group is based on one's belief in the interest group's

ideology

Who in government typically benefits the most from interest group resources and participation?

incumbents

What type of strategy uses intermediaries to advocate for a cause or generally attempts to persuade the public and policymakers to embrace the group's position?

indirect

A formally organized group that seeks to influence government decision making or policy making is referred to as a

interest

An ______ is represented by connections between those concerned about a policy and those creating and administering the policy

issue network

Which of the following are reasons that working class people are less likely to join an interest group?

lack of disposable income socialization lack of time

Which of the following plays a major role in the success of the AARP?

large membership

Professional lobbyists are almost always

lawyers

An example of a direct interest group strategy is

litigation

The interest group strategy that includes face-to-face meetings with legislators, hosting legislative receptions and events, and making telephone calls is known as

lobbying

On what two key types of resources do interest groups rely in order to remain effective?

membership financing

If your mother participated in your town's historical preservation society, you are ______ someone whose mother was not a member of an interest group.

more likely to become an interest group member than

Which of the following has/have increased interest group participation among groups that have not historically joined interest groups?

online interest groups

The setting in which an interest group attempts to achieve its goals is referred to as its

organizational environment.

When an interest group endorses a candidate who is running for office, what key function is it fulfilling?

performing a role in the electoral system

Proponents of ______ theory believe that interest groups facilitate political participation and policy debates.

pluralist

An interest group may form a(n) ______ _______ _________ whose main goal is to raise and spend money to influence the outcome of elections.

political action committee

One of the criticisms of interest group participation is that

political action committees have caused campaigns to become too expensive.

Which of the following would be considered electioneering strategies?

press releases endorsing a candidate forming a political action committee (PAC) a get-out-the-vote drive

Which of the following consumer interest groups was founded in 1971 by activist Ralph Nader?

public citizen

Litigation by an interest group is often used to challenge

public policies

Which term describes the behavior of an individual who joins an interest group because of moral conviction about a particular issue?

purposive

Which of the following demographic characteristics are related to both the likelihood of interest group participation and the types of participation engaged in?

race education social class income

Which political party do business and corporate political action committees typically favor with their contributions?

republicans

Which of the following would be least likely to be on the the agenda of a consumer interest group?

school prayer

Solidary incentives are closely linked to which of the following concepts?

social capital

The term ______ refers to the relationships we form that improve our lives because they provide connections with which to solve common problems.

social capital

A large informal group of individuals or organizations striving for a broad, common goal centered on significant changes to the social or political order is called a(n)

social movement.

An incentive that causes a person to join an interest group because of the social associations it offers is a(n) ______ incentive.

solidary

Which issue would not represent a concern of the largest agricultural interest group?

subsidized housing

Religious groups that are overtly involved in political activities risk losing their

tax exempt status

One weakness of Robert Putnam's theory regarding interest groups is

that people are actually involved in more social groups than Putnam measured.

Which group represents the largest agricultural interest group in the United States today?

the American Farm Bureau Federation

One example of a corporate or business interest group is

the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission involved which issue affecting interest groups?

the ban on unions and corporations promoting or targeting federal candidates

One example of an umbrella organization is

the business roundtable

Which groups of Americans are more likely to participate in social movements because of their loose membership and leadership structures?

the poor minorities young people

Which of the following most accurately describes an interest group's organizational resources?

the tools it has to achieve its goals

Foreign governments, such as that of China, lobby the U.S. government for favorable trade policies.

true

With regard to information that interest groups provide, policymakers

understand that it is slanted toward the group's interest.