POS2041: Midterm Study Guide

Chapter 1 Quiz

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Chapter 1 Terms

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Chapter 2 Quiz

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Chapter 2 terms

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Chapter 3 Quiz

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Chapter 3 Terms

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Chapter 4 Terms

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Chapter 4a Quiz

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A Scottish philosopher who believed that all people should be free to acquire property in any way that they wished. Adam Smith Robert Putnam Robert Dahl C. Wright Mills

Adam Smith

After early rulings by the Supreme Court increased the power of the national government, states sought a shift back to states' rights due to increasing divisions between the North and the South over the slavery issue. concern over expanding power by the federal government in the regulation of commerce. conflict over the role of the national government and that of the states. All of the above are true.

All of the above

The colonists' fury over taxation led to a boycott of British goods. the formation of the Stamp Act Congress. the closure of Boston Harbor. the Boston Tea Party. All of the above are true.

All of the above

When the Constitution was approved in 1787, it included a federal system. separation of powers. popular sovereignty, or control by the people. a representative government. All of the above are true.

All of the above

Taxes that the British attempted to impose on the American colonies in the years leading up to the Revolutionary War included all of the following except the Sugar Act, which imposed a tax on sugar. the Stamp Act, which taxed legal documents and newspapers. duties on glass, lead, and paint. a tax on tea. an income tax.

An income tax

He is a well-known proponent of the elite theory. C. Wright Mills Robert Dahl Robert Putnam John Locke

C. Wright Mills

Under this model, both levels of government coordinated their actions to solve national problems, such as the Great Depression and the civil rights struggle of the following decades. Cooperative federalism Dual federalism New federalism Coercive federalism Immigration federalism

Cooperative federalism

The First Continental Congress declared independence from Britain. urged colonists to purchase British goods to win favor with the King. developed a declaration of rights and grievances. established an army & appointed George Washington as Commander in Chief.

Developed a declaration of rights and grievances

The Constitutional Convention in 1787 was brought on by the publication of the Treaty of Paris. request of President Washington. failure of the Articles of Confederation. publication of the Declaration of Independence. end of the Revolutionary War.

Failure of the Articles of Confederation

A poll states that Hillary Clinton will receive 43 percent of the vote. There is an 8 percent margin of error. What do you think of the poll? It is a good poll and the margin of error is small. It is a good poll and the margin of error is acceptable. It is a non-representative poll and the margin of error is too high. The poll accurately predicts Clinton will receive 43 percent of the vote.

It is a non-representative poll and the margin of error is too high.

He was one of the leading supporters of the doctrine of nullification—that states had the right to reject national laws they deemed unconstitutional. John Calhoun Franklin Delano Roosevelt Abraham Lincoln James Monroe Andrew Jackson

John Calhoun

The framers of the Constitution set no time limit for the ratification process. a limit of twelve months for the ratification of an amendment. a limit of twenty-four months for ratification for the ratification of an amendment. a seven year limit for ratification of an amendment. a provision for extensions for ratification.

No time limit for the ratification process

In that case, the Supreme Court clearly identified a constitutional right to marriage based on the Fourteenth Amendment. McCulloch v. Maryland Dred Scott v. Sandford Obergefell v. Hodges Gibbons v. Ogden United States v. Lopez

Obergefell v. Hodges

Polls may be more accurate if the sample is truly random. weighted to correct missing data from underrepresented groups. weighted to make up for day to day swings in public sentiment. corrected for pollster bias. Options A and B are true.

Options A and B are true

The Great Compromise was advanced by the delegates from Georgia. proposed a bicameral legislature with equal representation in the Senate. was presented too late to be considered. was proposed by Texas. proposed a unicameral legislature in which each state would have one vote.

Proposed a bicameral legislature with equal representation in the Senate.

They are goods provided by government that anyone can use and that are available to all without charge. Private goods Common goods Public goods Toll goods

Public Goods

What goods are available to all without direct payment? private goods public goods common goods toll goods

Public goods

He is a well-known proponent of the pluralist theory of government. C. Wright Mills Robert Dahl Robert Putnam John Locke

Robert Dahl

It is a constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote. The Fourteenth Amendment The Nineteenth Amendment The Fifteenth Amendment The Seventeenth Amendment

The Nineteenth Amendment

Following Article 5 to the Constitution, which groups are involved in proposing and ratifying amendments to the Constitution? The states, the president, and Congress The Senate, the Supreme Court, and the House of Representatives Congress, the president, and the people The Senate, the House of Representatives, and the states or state legislatures The House of Representatives, the president, and the Senate

The Senate, the House of Representatives, and the states or state legislatures

The civil rights amendments prevent both the states and the federal government from abridging citizens' right to vote based on race, sex, and age. These constitutional amendments include all of the following EXCEPT for *The Thirteenth Amendment. *The Fifteenth Amendment. *The Nineteenth Amendment. *The Twenty-Sixth Amendment.

The Thirteenth Amendment.

It granted Congress a vast source of discretionary power to achieve its constitutional responsibilities. The doctrine of inherent powers The doctrine of reserved powers The doctrine of implied powers The doctrine of enumerated powers The doctrine of concurrent powers

The doctrine of implied powers

Which of the following is NOT a defense of federalism? Political experimentation at the state level can be used to see if policies are workable. The government is in closer contact with the people because of the role given to state governments. It allows for differences among the regions of the country. The national government has all the power so states play a small role. It is a better system for the United States than a unitary system because of the size of the United States

The national government has all the power so states play a small role.

It was NOT a weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation. The national government could not raise an army. There was no national judicial system. The national government was too powerful and violated state rights. The national government could not impose taxes on citizens.

The national government was too powerful and violated state rights.

It regulates relationships between the federal and state governments by declaring that the Constitution and federal law supersede any conflicting state law. The full faith and credit clause The judicial review power The supremacy doctrine The doctrine of implied powers

The supremacy doctrine

It authorizes the federal government to withhold federal grants as well as file lawsuits against state and local officials for practicing racial discrimination. The Bill of Rights Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Article VI to the Constitution The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to limit the rights of individuals. limit the powers of the state governments. to protect the states and individuals from the federal government. to expand the powers of the federal government.

To protect the states and individuals from the federal government.

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT Voter I.D. laws are likely to suppress the vote of low-income voters. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Indiana voter ID law. Voter I.D. laws are favored by Republicans. Voter I.D. laws are favored by Democrats. Voter I.D. laws are likely to suppress the vote of minority voters.

Voter I.D. laws are favored by Democrats.

When only declared party members can vote in a primary election, it is called a closed primary. an open primary. a run-off primary. a blanket primary.

a closed primary.

Oligarchy is a form of government where one ruler, usually a hereditary one, holds political power. a form of government where political power rests in the hands of the people. a form of government where government is all-powerful and citizens have no rights. a form of government where a handful of elite society members hold political power.

a form of government where a handful of elite society members hold political power.

Totalitarianism is a form of government where government is all-powerful and citizens have no rights. a form of government where one ruler, usually a hereditary one, holds political power. a form of government where a handful of elite society members hold political power. a form of government where political power rests in the hands of the people.

a form of government where government is all-powerful and citizens have no rights.

Direct democracy is a form of government where a handful of elite society members hold political power. a form of government where voters elect representatives to make decisions. a form of government where government is all-powerful and citizens have no rights. a form of government where people participate directly in making laws.

a form of government where people participate directly in making laws.

Which of the following is not part of a scientific poll design? *It usually guides respondents to select a predetermined answer, because they want to know what people really think. a leading question a random sample a representative sample a low margin of error

a leading question

Which of the following is not part of a scientific poll design? a leading question a random sample a representative sample a low margin of error a low sampling error

a leading question

When the top two candidates in a primary compete in a second primary for the majority of votes, it is called a closed primary. an open primary. a run-off primary. a blanket primary. a caucus.

a run-off primary.

The term confederation or confederal refers to a system in which most power is with the central government. a voluntary association in which states have most of the power. a system in which state and local governments have equal power with the central government. a national legislature. the southern states where slavery was legal.

a voluntary association in which states have most of the power.

In presidential elections electors meet in the state's capital in December to cast their votes for the president. a joint session of Congress meets in early January (after the presidential election) and the electoral votes are counted. one can win the majority of the popular vote and not become president. one can win the electoral college vote without winning the majority of the popular vote. All of the above are true.

all of the above are true

Some observers believe the following about low voter turnout: Too few individuals are wielding too much political power. Low turnout is a sign of satisfaction with the status quo. Low turnout is a sign of political apathy in the voting public. Potential voters do not want to take the time to learn about the issues. All of the above are true.

all of the above are true

The Articles of Confederation provided for a bicameral legislature. established a strong executive branch. allowed the states to retain most of the power. created a way to raise taxes to fund an army. ended slavery.

allowed the states to retain most of the power.

According to John Locke, the social contract is an implicit agreement between the monarch and the people. an implicit agreement between the state governments and the federal government. a contract between the three branches of government. an implicit agreement between a people and their government.

an implicit agreement between a people and their government.

An agreement between two or more states is shared governance. an interstate compact. an intrastate treaty. a cooperative agreement. unconstitutional.

an interstate compact

Ratification of the Constitution required the approval of the thirteen state legislatures. approval by nine out of thirteen state conventions. approval of the thirteen state legislatures and two-thirds of Congress. approval by popular vote in nine states. None of the above is true.

approval by nine out of thirteen state conventions.

All are true of federal grants EXCEPT that they have increased the power of the federal government have increased in the amount of dollars given by the national government. are given by the states for national projects. have given the national government a much greater role in state government.

are given by the states for national projects.

Push polls have been determined to be illegal in 23 states. are always conducted face-to-face rather than by telephone. are so controversial that very few candidates have chosen to use them. were used widely in the 1960s and 1970s, but when they became associated with the dirty politics of those eras, they were disregarded by most candidates. are now used throughout all levels of U.S. politics—local, state, and federal.

are now used throughout all levels of U.S. politics—local, state, and federal.

A federal grant that funds a general functional area with fewer restrictions on the states is a matching grant. program grant. federal mandate. block grant.

block grant

The Virginia Plan called for a bicameral legislature. worked to the advantage of small states. provided for the direct election of a president by the people. settled all controversy. Options B and C are true.

called for a bicameral legislature.

It is known as the participation that connects citizens to government and that is a vital ingredient of politics. politics social capital civic engagement ideology

civic engagement

The expressed or enumerated powers of Article I, Section 8, include the ability of the federal government to coin money, set standards for weights and measures, and determine rules for citizenship. suspend the writ of habeas corpus right. pass ex post facto laws. impose taxes on state exports. review laws and resolve disputes between the federal and state governments.

coin money, set standards for weights and measures, and determine rules for citizenship.

The 1974 Federal Election Campaign Act created the Federal Election Commission and placed limits on the sums that individuals and committees can contribute to candidates. limited the amount of their own money individual candidates were allowed to spend. gave individual voters the right to spend unlimited money during general elections. is the first law to regulate financial contributions during federal elections.

created the Federal Election Commission and placed limits on the sums that individuals and committees can contribute to candidates.

It is a form of government where political power rests in the hands of the people. democracy. theocracy monarchy oligarchy

democracy

It is one of the main outcomes of the First Continental Congress. developed a declaration of rights and grievances declared independence from Great Britain established an army and appointed George Washington as Commander in Chief wrote the Articles of Confederation

developed a declaration of rights and grievances

During the era of New Federalism, the federal government sent power back to the states through a process known as crosscutting mandates. unfunded mandates. coercive federalism. devolution.

devolution.

In a federal political system, authority is always vested in a bicameral legislature. divided between the central government and regional or sub-divisional governments. bestowed upon the central government, with no power being granted to the regional governments. concentrated in a unicameral legislature within a strong central government. exercised by the national government only insofar as these powers are granted by the states.

divided between the central government and regional or sub-divisional governments.

Divided government reflects a situation when a person votes for candidates of two parties for different offices. exists when the presidency and Congress are controlled by different parties. is another name for federalism. increases the control of the winning party in an election. is a strong indication of the emergence of a new third party.

exists when the presidency and Congress are controlled by different parties.

It is a poll conducted during an election day, and interviewers stand at the polling places on Election Day to ask voters how they voted. straw poll push poll exit poll tracking poll election-day poll

exit poll

According to the textbook, today, polling agencies have noticed that citizens' beliefs have become less polarized than before. unchanged since the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. far more polarized than before. far more accommodational than before.

far more polarized than before.

A state might hold a primary instead of a caucus because a primary is____. transparent and engages local voters faster and has higher turnout inexpensive and simple highly active and promotes dialog during voting

faster and has higher turnout

Categorical grants are federal grants to states or local governments for specific programs. emergency grants to states for unforeseen circumstances. a very recent form of national government support to school districts. unconstitutional because of separation of powers.

federal grants to states or local governments for specific programs.

Common goods are goods provided by government that anyone can use and that are available to all without charge. goods provided by private businesses that can be used only by those who pay for them. good that is available to many people but is used only by those who can pay the price to do so. goods that all people may use but that are of limited supply.

goods that all people may use but that are of limited supply.

It is the means by which a society organizes itself and allocates authority in order to accomplish collective goals. class government political party interest groups

government

The values that shape American political culture include all of the following except freedom. liberty. equality. property. government control of the economy.

government control of the economy.

According to the pluralist theory of government, government does what the majority of voters want it to do. government policy is formed as a result of the competition between groups with different goals and interests. ordinary people acting on their own have a significant influence on government. wealthy people decide what government policy will be, and politicians have no interest in pleasing anyone else.

government policy is formed as a result of the competition between groups with different goals and interests.

All of the following are true except in unitary systems, the power is held by the central government. in confederal systems, the power is held by the subdivisional units or states. in federal systems, the power is held jointly by the national government and the subdivisional units or states. in federal systems the power is held by the national government. Options A, B, and C are true.

in federal systems the power is held by the national government.

The current office holder is known as trustee. constituent. incumbent. delegate.

incumbent

When a person is asked a question about a political issue that he or she has little interest in and has not thought much about, that person's answer will likely reflect. ideology partisanship intense preferences latent preferences

latent preferences

It is a fundamental principle of democracy that dictates who should have the power to make decisions binding upon the whole. the rule of law compromise majority rule minority rights

majority rule

Supporting the actions of the Democratic Party simply because one identifies oneself as a member of that party is an example of partisanship ideology latent preference social capital

partisanship

Taxes were imposed on the colonists to pay for the coronation of King George III. pay for the establishment of more colonies. pay the costs of Britain's defense of the colonies during the French and Indian War. to enrich wealthy British landowners. None of the above is true.

pay the costs of Britain's defense of the colonies during the French and Indian War.

The elite theory of government claims that political power rests in the hands of an all-powerful individual. political power rests in the hands of a small group of people who advance their own interests. political power rests in the hands of groups of people. political power rests in the hands of the clergy.

political power rests in the hands of a small group of people who advance their own interests.

It is the process by which we decide how resources will be allocated and which policies government will pursue. ideology government politics democracy

politics

Found in Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution, this clause prohibits states from discriminating against out-of-staters by denying such guarantees as access to courts, legal protection, and property and travel rights. the supremacy clause full faith and credit clause extradition clause privileges and immunities clause

privileges and immunities clause

The voter who applies information about a candidate's past behavior to decide how the candidate will act in the future is called retrospective voter. prospective voter. pocketbook voter. straight ticket voter

prospective voter

In their dealings with each other, each state is required to do all of the following except give full faith and credit to other states' official acts. extend to citizens of other states the privileges and immunities of its own citizens. return persons fleeing from justice back to the state that requests them. Options A and C are true. refrain from making agreements that do not include all fifty states.

refrain from making agreements that do not include all fifty states.

The set of relationships and connections with other members of the community that leads to the willingness to help them is known as ideology democracy political engagement social capital

social capital

All of the following are true of the New Deal except that new federal laws regulating economic activity were introduced. new federal laws were struck down by the Supreme Court because they regulated intrastate commerce, not interstate commerce. the Supreme Court's actions caused Roosevelt to propose legislation that would allow him to choose more justices for the Court. state powers to regulate the economy increased significantly.

state powers to regulate the economy increased significantly.

They are informal polls that informally collect opinions of a non-random population or group. tracking polls straw polls exit polls stratified polls

straw polls

The Federalists supported the new Constitution and a strong federal government with a bicameral legislature. were against the Constitution and favored state power over federal power. did not attend the Constitutional Convention and did not participate directly in the process of writing the Constitution. supported a thorough revision of the Articles of Confederation to create a strong central government and maintain a unicameral legislature.

supported the new Constitution and a strong federal government with a bicameral legislature.

State cannot use their reserved or concurrent powers to thwart national policies due to the Bill of Rights. supremacy clause. necessary and proper clause. elastic clause. unitary system of government.

supremacy clause.

The concept of checks and balances allows Congress to declare presidential actions unconstitutional. the Supreme Court to break the tie on legislation. the President to veto legislation he/she does not support. Congress to remove members of the Supreme Court. Options A and B are true.

the President to veto legislation he/she does not support.

All of the following are true of the Great Compromise except the Three-Fifths Compromise did not end slavery. it did not directly address the abolition of slavery. the representatives elected in the South did not represent slaves and their interests. the Three-Fifths Compromise allowed the immediate ban on the importation of slaves. it established the Senate in which individual states were equally represented.

the Three-Fifths Compromise allowed the immediate ban on the importation of slaves.

The judicial review power is a method by which the president can check the judiciary. the process of confirmation of federal judges by Congress. the ability of the courts to declare acts of the legislative and executive branches of government unconstitutional. not applicable to actions by state governments.

the ability of the courts to declare acts of the legislative and executive branches of government unconstitutional.

In the winner-take-all system, the candidate that gets the most votes wins. one must get a majority of votes cast to win. votes are allocated on a proportional basis. only parties receiving more than five percent of the vote are allocated seats. a party must have competed in a previous election to be placed on the ballot.

the candidate that gets the most votes wins.

The controversy that led to the Civil War was the dispute over states' rights and national supremacy. interstate commerce. the application of the Bill of Rights to the states. taxation. the admission of Texas into the union.

the dispute over states' rights and national supremacy.

It enables Congress "to make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying" out its constitutional responsibilities. the supremacy clause the elastic clause the immunities and privileges clause the full faith and credit clause

the elastic clause

The clause in the Constitution that grants Congress the power to do whatever is necessary to execute its enumerated or expressed powers is called the elastic or necessary and proper clause. the supremacy clause. the concurrent clause. the reserved powers clause. due process clause.

the elastic or necessary and proper clause.

In the case of Gibbons v. Ogden the national government lost the power to regulate intrastate commerce. state governments won the right to control navigation in interstate waters. the power to regulate interstate commerce was determined to be an exclusive national power of the federal government. the ruling provided the national government with decreasing power over economic affairs throughout the land. the Supreme Court found that commerce was defined as the exchange of goods and not navigation or transport of people.

the power to regulate interstate commerce was determined to be an exclusive national power of the federal government.

The Bill of Rights provided for the protection of individual liberties from state governments. the protection of individual liberties from the national government. equal protection under the law. protection against state infringements on the freedoms of conscience, the press, and jury trial. Options B and D are true.

the protection of individual liberties from the national government.

Reapportionment is the redrawing of a state's congressional electoral map. the reallocation of House seats between the states to account for population changes. the manipulation of legislative districts in an attempt to favor a particular candidate. a condition in which one or more houses of the legislature is controlled by the party in opposition to the executive.

the reallocation of House seats between the states to account for population changes.

The two-party system has dominated the American political landscape for all of the following reasons except political socialization and practical considerations. the winner-take-all electoral system. state and federal laws favor the two major parties. historical foundations of the system. third parties are illegal in many jurisdictions.

third parties are illegal in many jurisdictions.

One of the main actions of the Second Continental Congress was to establish an army and appoint a commander in chief. to sign a treaty with Britain prohibiting trade with France. to sign a treaty with France to declare war on Britain. the creation of a unitary government in America. to establish a document with ambitious designs to separate from Britain.

to establish an army and appoint a commander in chief.

The New Jersey Plan called for the following: a three-fifth compromise to deal with slavery a powerful federal government divided in three branches bicameral legislature with equal representation in both unicameral legislature following the principle of one state, one vote.

unicameral legislature following the principle of one state, one vote.

The Bill of Rights is sometimes called the Bill of Attainder. was a result of the Federalists v. Anti-federalists debate outside of the Constitutional Convention limited state power and individual rights. was incorporated into the Constitution to protect the federal government.

was a result of the Federalists v. Anti-federalists debate outside of the Constitutional Convention