Post Learning Assessment Questions

Normal blood pressure for adults is considered to be _____.

<120/80

A normal glycated hemoglobin value in a person without diabetes is _____.

<6 percent

An impacted gallstone within the bile duct can cause a condition that results in severe pain, sepsis and fever, known as _____.

bacterial cholangitis

When triglycerides accumulate in the liver, the liver:

becomes inflamed

A fruity odor in the breath of a person experiencing ketosis reflects the presence of _____ in the blood.

acetone

To add kcalories and protein to the diet of a cancer client, you would suggest that he or she _____.

add chopped nuts to salads, pasta dishes, and baked goods

An adipocyte hormone that promotes insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance is called _____.

adiponectin

The most common causes of cirrhosis in the United States are _____.

alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C

People with nephrotic syndrome often have _____.

altered blood lipids

Type 1 diabetes _____.

always requires administration of exogenous insulin

What would be most effective in preventing the cell and tissue damage that can give rise to cancer?

antioxidant phytochemicals

Which type of anemia develops from a failure of stem cells to develop into red blood cells?

aplastic anemia

What is included as part of treatment for a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

aspirin

What foodborne infection has onset in 1 to 8 days and is characterized by severe bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting lasting 5 to 10 days?

e. coli

When the kidneys detect reduced oxygen in the blood, they release _____.

erythropoietin

Which measurement is a characteristic of metabolic syndrome?

fasting plasma glucose of 100 mg/dL or higher

What is an advantage of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis?

fewer dietary restrictions

Ingestion of food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum results in _____.

food intoxication

A major concern to prevent complications for the post-transplant patient is _____.

food safety

Mary is 20-week pregnant and has gestational diabetes. Her dietitian helped her change her meal plan 3 weeks ago to improve her blood glucose levels. What test would be most useful in determining recent improvements in her glycemic control?

fructosamine test

Cholesterol gallstones are most likely to be associated with _____.

gastric bypass surgery

Patients who practice intensive insulin therapy for their type 1 diabetes _____.

give themselves multiple daily injections of several types of insulin or use an insulin pump

Which diet is most appropriate for a post-liver transplant patient?

high k-calorie, high protein snacks and supplements

To improve nutrient intake and compensate for weight loss during cancer treatment, clients should be encouraged to _____.

include nutrient-dense foods

Bone disease is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease. Which condition is most likely to lead to osteodystrophy?

increased secretion of parathyroid hormone

Alcohol consumed in moderation can protect against CHD by _____.

inhibiting clot formation

Rapid correction of hyperkalemia with acute kidney injury may require the use of _____, which drives extracellular potassium into cells.

insulin

Insulin may be delivered continuously using a(n) _____.

insulin pump

Pregnancy in all women is associated with _____.

insulin resistance

What is a metabolic effect of the HIV treatment zidovudine?

insulin resistance

How should hepatitis C be treated?

interferon alfa

Atherosclerosis can lead to poor blood circulation in the legs, causing fatigue and pain when walking. This condition is known as _____.

intermittent claudication

Once dialysis is initiated in a client with chronic kidney disease, the protein recommendation _____.

is less restrictive

The predominant type of diabetes _____.

is often asymptomatic (type 2)

Inadequate blood supply within a tissue due to obstructed blood flow is known as _____.

ischemia

A cirrhosis patient has developed ascites. What is one significance of this condition?

it can cause malnutrition due to early satiety

What condition develops when bile pigments accumulate in the blood?

jaundice

Which condition is more likely to be present at the time of diagnosis in type 1 diabetes than in type 2 diabetes?

ketoacidosis

Hepatic encephalopathy treatments include _____.

lactulose to reduce the amount of ammonia absorbed

What might be used to treat fluid depletion from HIV-associated diarrhea?

liberal use of salty broths and soups

The redistribution of fat that can occur as a complication of HIV infections is called _____.

lipidystrophy

Right-sided heart failure is most likely to result in _____.

liver enlargement

Patients with suppressed immunity might best be put on a _____.

low microbial diet

The focus of nutrition care following a stroke is to _____.

maintain nutrition status and health despite disabilities

The functional unit of the kidneys is the _____.

nephron

Diet therapy for the nephrotic syndrome includes a diet that is _____.

restricted in sodium and low in saturated fat

Which HIV drug's mode of action is to inhibit HIV's protease enzyme, which destroys HIV gene products?

ritonavir

What is a modifiable risk factor for CHD?

smoking

Results of clinical trials have shown that the greatest benefits to blood pressure control occurred in groups who followed the DASH diet and lowered their _____ intakes.

sodium

Uncontrolled diabetes in early pregnancy raises the risk of _____.

spontaneous abortions

Immediately following a myocardial infarction, an individual is most often placed on _____.

thrombolytic drugs

Protein requirements for a patient undergoing hemodialysis are _____ daily.

1.2 to 1.4 g/kg

In the United States, the average protein intake for people with diabetes is about _____ of the energy intake.

15 percent

Patients with heart failure who have persistent or recurrent fluid retention may need to limit fluid intake to less than _____ per day.

2 liters

The diet for someone with renal insufficiency should contain _____ milligrams of sodium per day.

2000-3000

A diet to achieve a desirable blood cholesterol and lipoprotein profile includes a total fat intake of _____ percent of daily kcalories.

25-35

Cancer cachexia occurs in as many as _____ percent of people with cancer before they die.

50

Prerenal factors account for ____ percent of cases of acute kidney injury.

60-70

Most kidney stones are composed of _____.

calcium oxalate

People with advanced AIDS may experience diarrhea due to _____.

changes in the intestinal lining

What food is highest in oxalate that might contribute to kidney stones?

chocolate

Patients with heart failure may be prone to _____ because of frequent diuretic use.

constipation

Which of these is an appropriate action for a type 1 diabetic patient who is preparing for strenuous activity?

consume some carbohydrate if blood glucose is <100 mg/dL just prior to the activity

The cancer cachexia syndrome is accompanied by _____.

decreased lean body mass

What is the best approach for the treatment of metabolic syndrome?

dietary and lifestyle changes should be tried first

Which condition is a risk factor for gallstones?

obesity

Which statement best describes bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)?

people who eat contaminated beef develop a disease similar to BSE

A person with nephrotic syndrome is prone to infections due to losses of _____.

plasma proteins

People who have limited hand dexterity may be helped by _____.

plate guards

Radiation to the head and neck frequently causes _____.

reduction in the amount of saliva

Erythropoietin is often administered to patients with chronic renal failure to _____.

treat anemia

Weighted utensils are most often used for which condition?

tremors and spasticity

Normally, the healthy liver removes ammonia from circulation and converts it to _____.

urea

The skin of a person with renal failure becomes dry, scaly, and itchy. These are symptoms of _____.

uremic syndrome

Patients with cirrhosis may develop _____, which can cause excessive bleeding if ruptured.

varices