Practice final exam part 1

The CT scan would be a good choice to look for which of the following

A tumor in the brain

A neuron has received a signal, causing ion channels to open in the cell membrane, letting positively charged ions flow in. This has caused the membrane potential to change suddenly from -72 to +50 mV. This will cause a ______ to occur

Action potential

The______ is heavily involved in the learning of fear responses

Amygdala

If we were to design an experiment to test the hypothesis that aspirin takes headaches away, the independent variable would be ________ in the dependent variable would be ___________

Aspirin; headaches

The right and left halves of the cerebrum are called the

Cerebral hemispheres

The psychological perspective that focuses on memory and thinking is __________ psychology

Cognitive

Most experience have a _________ Group for purposes of comparison. This group is not given the treatment or the same independent variable as the________group

Control; experimental

The right and left halves of Shawna's cerebrum can no longer communicate with each other because her______ was destroyed

Corpus callosum

A ______ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another

Correlation

______ receive messages from other neurons and ______ send messages to other neurons

Dendrites; axons

You just accomplished a goal and rewarded yourself with a delicious treat. The pleasant feelings that result from these behaviors are made possible by the release of

Dopamine

A record of brain wave activity is called

EEG

______ occurs when the individual relates new information to something he/she already has stored and memory

Elaborative rehearsal

Which psychological perspective would be most concerned with behavior changes that promote survival in the face of environment pressures?

Evolutionary

The largest of the brains lobes, the______lobe, is where multiple cognitive functions are performed

Frontal

Jenny was startled by the sudden loud barking noise made by a large black dog. Every time she saw a large black dog after that, she felt anxious and jumpy. She also began to feel the same way when she saw any brown, medium sized dogs. This change in her condition response is known as______

Generalization

The endocrine system consists of various______ that create and release______

Glands; hormones

Brain imaging study support the conclusion that meditation______

Induces an altered state of consciousness

A framework for studying memory that uses the computer as a model of human cognitive process defines the______

Information - processing theory

Which of the following statements is true about naturalistic observation

It involves observing behavior in its natural context

Heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and other functions vital to maintain life are controlled by the

Medulla

The______ is a brain system that processes information about others emotional facial expressions and movements

Mirror neuron system

A chemical found in the sacs within an axon terminal which, when released, has an effect on a nearby neuron called

Neurotransmitter

The scientific method starts with

Observations

All the nerves outside your spinal cord and brain make up the

Peripheral nervous system

When a subject's response to a treatment is due to the expectations rather than the actual treatment, they are showing the ______ effect

Placebo

The entire group of interest to researchers and the group to which they want to generalize their findings is called ______. The group that actually participates in a researcher study is called _____.

Population; sample

What safeguards are there for the welfare of human research participants

Professional organizations' codes of ethics; laws and institutional policies.

In memory,______ is an account of an event that has been pieced together from a few highlights

Reconstruction

Twin studies and studies of adopted children allow behavioral geneticists to research the

Relative contributions of genes and environment

According to the model of memory proposed by Atkinson and Schriffrin, the______ is a memory system that can hold about seven items for about 30 seconds

Short-term memory

The two divisions of The automatic nervous system are the ______ and the ______

Sympathetic; parasympathetic

The tiny gap between an axons terminals and the dendrites or soma of another neuron is called the

Synaptic cleft

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement

Tara takes an aspirin, and her headache begins to go away.

A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called

case study

When memories are not revisited, they simply fade away as time passes. This exemplifies the

decay theory of forgetting

In terms of the processes of memory,______ refers to transforming the information into a form that can be stored in memory

encoding

You just took a tumble and your arm really hurts. You are wishing your brain would release a lot of ______ to help relieve the pain

endorphins

Which of the following brain structures is involved in regulating hunger, thirst, temperature, and sexual behavior

hypothalamus

Shannon is a researcher who studies sleep patterns in humans. Shannon most likely uses

laboratory observation

Our brain has an amazing ability to adapt to changed inputs and to brain damage. We call this ability

plasticity

Hunter was in a car accident and sustained damage to his cerebellum from a whiplash injury. Which problem would he be most likely to experience after the accident?

problems coordinating his movements

Diana wants to find a therapist who will help her explore her unconscious motivations and how her early childhood experiences are affecting her now. She should look for a therapist with a ________ perspective

psychoanalytic

______ are frameworks of knowledge and assumptions that we have about people, objects, and events

schemas

Rewarding successive approximations of the desired behavior is part of which process

shaping