Practice - Part 8

88. Which of the following options is NOT a sign or symptom of extreme blood sugar levels in a hypoglycemia patient? A. A sluggish mood B. Shallow respirations C. Rapid pulse D. Clammy skin

A. A sluggish mood Correct answer: A A hypoglycemia patient is one who experiences low blood sugar. This patient would not appear to be in a sluggish mood, he or she would appear to be in an irritable and/or confused mood. During extreme blood sugar levels, hypoglycemia patients would have the following signs or symptoms: shallow respirations; rapid and weak pulse; no change in speech; and clammy, cold, and pale skin. A hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) patient would have the following signs or symptoms: sluggish and/or confused mood; deep (sweet odor) respirations; slow or normal pulse; slurred speech; and hot, flushed, and dry skin.

54. Which of the following statements is TRUE in regards to reporting accidents or incidents? A. All accidents and incidents require an incident report to be completed B. Only accidents or incidents that result in injury require an incident report to be completed C. Only the person involved or injured is required to complete an incident report D. Only patient involved accidents or incidents require an incident report to be completed

A. All accidents and incidents require an incident report to be completed Correct answer: A All accidents and incidents require an incident report to be completed. It does not matter if the accident or incident resulted in an injury or if a patient was involved or not. All people involved, including the witnesses, are required to complete an incident report. Facilities use incident reports to improve their services to residents and to change their policies.

85. When taking a patient's rectal temperature, what step should you take immediately after you expose the patient's buttocks? A. Attach the rectal probe to the thermometer after removing the thermometer pack from its charger B. Use your dominant hand to expose the patient's anus C. Lubricate the probe using a tissue D. Ask the patient to relax and breathe slowly

A. Attach the rectal probe to the thermometer after removing the thermometer pack from its charger Correct answer: A Immediately after you expose the patient's buttocks, you should remove the thermometer pack from its charger and attach the rectal probe. It is not until after you place a plastic cover on the thermostat that you would lubricate the probe. Then you would use your non-dominant hand to expose the patient's anus.

57. You can promote sleep for your patients by all of the following actions EXCEPT: A. Change the patient's routine on a daily basis B. Decrease noise and confusion in the patient's environment C. Provide the patient with positioning devices to enhance his or her comfort D. Provide emotional support when patients are experiencing pain

A. Change the patient's routine on a daily basis Correct answer: A Changing a patient's routine on a daily basis will not promote sleep, as it will decrease the patient's safety and security. The other three options will all help promote sleep for your patients. You can also promote their sleep by keeping their bed in a low position to promote safety and arranging their routines to encourage rest.

77. If you are accidentally punctured by a patient's needle, you could be at risk for: A. Hepatitis B B. Diabetes C. Ulcers D. Hypertension

A. Hepatitis B Correct answer: A Individuals who are punctured by used needles could be at risk for Hepatitis B and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nursing assistants should immediately contact their supervisor if needles or other sharp objects puncture them. The nursing staff should also be sure to always place needles and other sharp objects in the sharps container.

39. Which of the following options is a warning sign that a patient may have a fecal impaction? A. If the patient has a small, watery leakage of stool B. If the patient expels a watery brown liquid C. If the patient has blood in his or her urine D. If the patient starts vomiting a black substance

A. If the patient has a small, watery leakage of stool Correct answer: A A warning sign that a patient may have a fecal impaction is if the patient has a small, watery leakage of stool. A fecal impaction is when a patient has hard stool that is trapped and cannot be pushed out of the large intestine and rectum. If the patient expels a watery brown liquid, he or she has diarrhea.

43. As a nursing assistant, what is your first priority when a fire occurs at the facility? A. Immediately remove all patients located in the fire zone B. Immediately activate the facility's fire alarm C. Immediately extinguish the fire D. Immediately close all doors to contain the fire

A. Immediately remove all patients located in the fire zone Correct answer: A A nursing assistant's highest priority is the care and the protection of their patients; therefore, their first priority would be to immediately remove all patients located in the fire zone. Many patients are not capable of caring for themselves, so it is important that they are immediately removed from harm. Nursing assistants should remember the R.A.C.E. system (Remove; Activate; Contain; and Extinguish) when a fire occurs.

33. What should a nursing assistant do when he or she notices warning signs that indicate the patient may be developing a bedsore? A. Immediately report the warning signs to the patient's assigned nurse B. Administer the medication that is used for healing bedsores C. Monitor the warning signs to see if they get worse D. Ignore the warning signs until a bedsore actually develops

A. Immediately report the warning signs to the patient's assigned nurse Correct answer: A The nursing assistant should immediately report the warning signs to the patient's assigned nurse. It is the legal and ethical responsibility of a nursing assistant to report all patient abnormalities to the patient's nurse as soon as they are identified. Therefore, the nursing assistant should not continue to monitor the patient's warning signs or ignore the warning signs completely. A nursing assistant is not certified to prescribe medication or to treat patients.

56. Which of the following options is NOT an age-related condition that all residents must adapt to? A. Inability to learn new skills B. Reduced ability to feel pain C. Varying sleep habits D. Reduced ability to see

A. Inability to learn new skills Correct answer: A The inability to learn new skills is not an age-related condition that affects residents. In fact, the elderly are quite capable of learning new skills, even though they may be a little slower. The age-related conditions that do affect all residents are: they are at an increased risk for chronic illnesses; they will experience changes in their ability to move; they will experience vision and hearing loss; they will have a reduced ability to feel pain; and they will have varying sleep habits.

6. Which of the following options is the primary cause of death for individuals who are 85 years or older? A. Injuries related to falling B. Cancer C. Strokes D. Hypertension

A. Injuries related to falling Correct answer: A Injuries related to falling is the primary cause of death for individuals who are 85 years or older and the second primary cause for those who are 65 years or older. As individuals age, their eyesight worsens, making it more difficult for elders to maneuver in the dark. Elders are also more at risk of falling because aging affects their mobility; therefore, they are less stable on their feet.

51. The patient would not be quiet during dinner, so the nurse isolated her in the closet for two hours. Which of the following options BEST identifies this action? A. Involuntary seclusion B. False imprisonment C. Invasion of privacy D. Neglect 

A. Involuntary seclusion  Correct answer: A Involuntary seclusion is the act of punishing a patient by isolating him or her from the other patients. In this question, the patient was isolated in a closet as a form of punishment for talking too much at dinner. False imprisonment is when a patient is restrained from moving freely about against his or her wishes. Invasion of privacy occurs when the nurse fails to keep the patient's matters confidential, or exposes the patient's body while performing care. Neglect is an act that results in patient harm due to the nurse ignoring his or her needs.

16. When measuring a patient's blood pressure for the very first time, what process should you follow? A. Measure the blood pressure in both arms and use the second measurement as the patient's baseline B. Measure the patient's dominant arm and record the measurement on the facility form C. Ask the patient which arm he or she would prefer and use that arm for the initial measurement D. Measure the blood pressure in both arms and use the first measurement as the patient's baseline

A. Measure the blood pressure in both arms and use the second measurement as the patient's baseline Correct answer: A When measuring a patient's blood pressure for the very first time, you should measure the blood pressure in both arms and use the second measurement as the patient's baseline. Then for every subsequent reading, you should use the patient's arm that had the highest initial measurement. If a patient has had a mastectomy, you need to be sure to take the patient's blood pressure using the unaffected arm.

25. Which of the following actions do NOT decrease with age? A. Need to sleep B. Need to void C. Need to eat D. Need to defecate

A. Need to sleep Correct answer: A An elderly patient needs just as much sleep as any other adult; therefore, their need to sleep does not decrease with age. It is essential that an elderly patient has time to rest and to take naps, as it is essential for the patient's health. An elderly patient's appetite does decrease with age, along with their need to urinate or pass feces from their body.

31. The nurse punched out the patient's medications and placed them in the trash without giving them to the patient. After two days of not receiving his medications, the patient was in severe pain. Which of the following options BEST identifies this action? A. Negligence B. Neglect C. Abuse D. Battery

A. Negligence Correct answer: A Negligence is an act that results in patient harm due to the nurse omitting care to the patient or incorrectly providing care to the patient. In this question, the patient was in unnecessary pain because the nurse was negligent by not giving the patient his medications. Neglect is an act that results in patient harm due to the nurse ignoring his or her needs. Abuse is when the patient suffers from physical or mental harm that was either committed or threatened. Battery is when a patient is subjected to unlawful personal violence.

89. One of your patients is diagnosed with depression. While checking his vitals, he confides in you that he has thought about committing suicide. Which of the following options BEST identifies what you should do? A. Report his suicidal thoughts to his nurse B. Promise the patient you will keep his secret C. Keep the depressed patient's thoughts confidential D. Discuss with the patient why he feels he should commit suicide

A. Report his suicidal thoughts to his nurse Correct answer: A When a patient states or shows signs of having suicidal intentions, it is your duty to report it immediately to his nurse. When a patient shares information with you, it is your duty to keep that information confidential; however, when that information could cause the patient to be harmed, it is your responsibility to report it. You should never promise a patient that you would keep his or her secret, as you may be putting them in harm.

14. The tympanic membrane temperature is one in which you: A. Take the patient's temperature using his or her ear B. Take the patient's temperature using his or her axilla C. Take the patient's temperature using his or her anus D. Take the patient's temperature using his or her mouth

A. Take the patient's temperature using his or her ear Correct answer: A You take a patient's tympanic membrane temperature using the patient's ear. The axilla is used to take the patient's axillary temperature. A rectal temperature measurement is measured through the patient's anus. The oral temperature measurement is measured through the patient's mouth.

79. When you check a patient's vitals, which of the following functions are you NOT performing? A. Taking the patient's glucose level B. Taking the patient's temperature C. Taking the patient's pulse rate D. Taking the patient's blood pressure

A. Taking the patient's glucose level Correct answer: A When you check a patient's vitals, you are checking four things: (1) temperature; (2) pulse rate; (3) respiration rate; and (4) blood pressure. You are not taking the patient's glucose level; however, some patients do require this to be done. You should follow the patient's nursing plan and check the patient's vitals as stated on their plan. The readings obtain from this should always be recorded in blue or black ink.

66. Which of the following statements is TRUE in regards to administering a cleansing enema? A. The enema bag should be hung on the IV pole with the tubing at the bottom B. The enema bag should be hung at 24 inches above the bed C. The enema bag should be placed at the same height as the patient's anus D. The enema bag should be secured to the bed frame

A. The enema bag should be hung on the IV pole with the tubing at the bottom Correct answer: A The enema bag should be hung on the IV pole with the tubing at the bottom. The enema bag should not be hung higher than 18 inches above the patient's bed. The enema bag should be placed higher than the patient's anus, but no higher than 12 inches.

48. Which of the following methods is the appropriate method for removing a mask? A. Untie the bottom tie first, then the top tie B. Do not untie the mask, just slip the ties over your ears C. Grasp the front of the mask and slowly lift it over your head D. Untie the top tie first, then the bottom tie

A. Untie the bottom tie first, then the top tie Correct answer: A When removing a mask you should untie the bottom tie first, then the top tie. You should only grasp the mask's ties, never the front of the mask. After removing the mask, be sure to dispose of the mask in a covered trashcan.

15. When taking the patient's radial pulse the first time, you find that his pulse rate is 45 BPM. Which of the following actions should you take next? A. You should recount the patient's pulse for 60 seconds B. You should immediately notify the patient's nurse C. You should record his pulse rate on his chart D. You should take the patient's blood pressure

A. You should recount the patient's pulse for 60 seconds Correct answer: A If a patient has an irregular pulse rate of 50 BPM or less, you should recount the patient's pulse for 60 seconds. If the patient's pulse rate is still under 50 BPM after counting it the second time, you should notify his or her nurse immediately, as it could indicate a serious condition. When taking a patient's pulse rate, you should always place him or her in a sitting or supine position.

73. Which of the following patients would benefit the MOST from large print reading materials? A. A hearing impaired patient B. A visually impaired patient C. A hyperglycemic patient D. An anemic patient

B. A visually impaired patient Correct answer: B A visually impaired patient would benefit the most from large print reading materials. As a nursing assistant it is important that you develop interpersonal relationships with your assigned patients. By knowing your patients, you will be able to provide them with items that will make their life easier. If you find that your patient is hearing impaired, you would want to make sure that you spoke in a clear, slow, and direct manner.

75. All of the following options are examples of contamination through droplet transmission EXCEPT: A. Common cold B. Arteriosclerosis C. Influenza D. Tuberculosis

B. Arteriosclerosis Correct answer: B Arteriosclerosis is not an example of an infectious disease that is contaminated through droplet transmission, as it is a chronic disease that only affects one individual. Arteriosclerosis, influenza, pneumonia, and the common cold are all examples of infectious diseases that are contaminated through droplet transmission. Droplet transmission is the act of being contaminated by inhaling pathogens through the air.

9. You are assigned a comatose resident that is in need of oral care every four hours. Which of the following options identifies how you should provide this patient with oral care? A. Assist the patient by cleaning his or her dentures and swabbing the patient's mouth and mucous membranes B. Be sure the patient's head is turned to its side and use the proper equipment to swab the patient's mouth and mucous membranes C. Gently open the patient's mouth and brush his or her teeth D. Ask the patient's permission prior to providing oral care with approved equipment

B. Be sure the patient's head is turned to its side and use the proper equipment to swab the patient's mouth and mucous membranes Correct answer: B A comatose resident is one who is unconscious; therefore, he or she cannot provide permission or assist with their own oral care. You should always be sure that the patient's head is turned to its side (to prevent the patient from aspirating) and that you use the proper equipment to swab the patient's mouth and mucous membranes. Comatose patients frequently breathe through their mouths; therefore, it is imperative that they are provided frequent oral care to remove secretions and to keep their mouth well hydrated.

29. When providing denture care for your patients, you should do all of the following EXCEPT: A. Use cool or tepid water to clean and rinse the dentures B. Carry the patient's dentures in your gloved hand to the sink for cleaning C. Line the sink with a paper towel to reduce the risk of breaking the dentures D. Store the dentures in a denture cup filled with clean water

B. Carry the patient's dentures in your gloved hand to the sink for cleaning Correct answer: B You should not carry the patient's dentures in your gloved hand to the sink for cleaning. In order to transport the patient's dentures to the sink, you should place them in a denture cup before transporting them. You should always use cool or tepid water for cleaning, rinsing, and storing dentures. You should also line the sink with paper towels in order to reduce the risk of breaking the patient's dentures if you should drop them.

42. Which of the following is NOT an abnormal reaction to analgesia? A. Dyspnea B. Diarrhea C. Emotional distress D. Sudden drop in blood pressure

B. Diarrhea Correct answer: B Diarrhea is not an abnormal reaction to analgesia. Analgesia is a medication given to reduce a patient's pain. If a patient should experience an adverse drug effect, or an abnormal reaction, to analgesia, the symptoms would include a sudden drop in blood pressure, a sudden drop in respirations, a rash, emotional distress, or dyspnea (rapid breathing). If one of your patients should show any of the previous symptoms, you should notify his or her nurse immediately.

52. Which of the following personal qualities is a nursing assistant demonstrating when he or she accepts a new assignment without complaint? A. Being considerate B. Flexibility C. Self-responsibility D. Accountability

B. Flexibility Correct answer: B Flexibility is the personal quality in which a nursing assistant would accept a new assignment without complaint. As a nursing assistant, you will most likely be re-assigned to a new patient group or unit during your career and you will need to be flexible and accept the new disruption in your work routine. Being considerate is the act of being thoughtful, kind, and caring towards patients and coworkers. Self-responsibility is the act showing responsibility for yourself by wearing the appropriate personal protective equipment, caring for your own personal health, keeping your workspace safe from hazards, and conserving energy by streamlining your work duties. Accountability is your ability to perform the job duties for which you have been trained and to bring up any concerns privately with your immediate supervisor.

83. Which of the following options BEST describes what you should do when a patient begins to fall during ambulation? A. Hang onto the patient's gait-transfer belt in order to prevent him or her from falling B. Help lower the patient to the floor by spreading your feet and bending your knees C. Immediately call the patient's nurse for help with the patient D. Allow the patient to freely fall to the floor

B. Help lower the patient to the floor by spreading your feet and bending your knees Correct answer: B When a patient begins to fall during ambulation, you should help lower the patient to the floor by spreading your feet and bending your knees. You should not attempt to hold onto the patient's belt, as this could cause the patient harm, as well as harm to yourself. You should not allow the patient to freely fall to the floor, as this could severely injure the patient, and you will not have time to call for help, but you should inform the patient's nurse of the incident.

10. All of the following are physical signs that a resident is in pain EXCEPT: A. Tachycardia B. Hypotension C. Tachypnea D. Dyspnea

B. Hypotension Correct answer: B Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is not a physical sign that a resident is in pain. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a physical sign of pain. Tachycardia (increased pulse), tachypnea (increased respirations), and dyspnea (difficulty breathing) are all physical signs of pain. Other indicators of pain can include: sweating, grunting, crying, or moaning.

59. If you have a patient who cannot independently perform range of motion, your job is to help them by performing passive range of motion (PROM). PROM will help the patient with all of the following EXCEPT: A. Protect his or her muscles from atrophy B. Increase his or her nutrition C. Increase his or her circulation D. Increase his or her joint motion

B. Increase his or her nutrition Correct answer: B Helping your patient by performing PROM will not directly increase his or her nutrition; however, it will protect his or her muscles from atrophy, increase his or her circulation, and increase his or her joint motion. When patients are immobile, they often have the need to rely on others due to their depression, frustration, and feeling of hopelessness. As a nursing assistant, it is your duty to encourage immobile patients to become mobile again.

41. One of your patients has recently started to refuse to participate in social activities and has been having trouble sleeping and eating. These are all signs that the patient: A. Is antisocial B. Is in pain C. Is delirious D. Is dehydrated

B. Is in pain Correct answer: B Some patients have a high tolerance of pain and others do not want to verbally express pain; however, there are signs that indicate a patient is in pain, such as refusing to participate in social activities, having trouble sleeping, and not having an appetite. Some patients are worried that if they complain about pain, that they will be labeled as complainer; therefore, it is important that you always take a patient's report of pain seriously.

17. When applying a condom catheter, what do you need to do? A. Leave as little of a space as possible between the catheter and the penis B. Leave a one-inch space between the catheter and the penis C. Encircle the penis with tape to secure the catheter D. Tape the catheter to the resident's lower abdomen

B. Leave a one-inch space between the catheter and the penis Correct answer: B When applying a condom catheter, you need to leave a one-inch space between the catheter and the penis. You would never want to encircle the penis with tape, as it may cause a tourniquet effect; however, you would want to secure the catheter by applying tape in a spiral direction. You would also want to tape the catheter to the patient's inner thigh, not his lower abdomen.

63. Which of the following statements is FALSE in regards to indwelling catheter care for a male patient? A. Cleanse the catheter area before cleaning the base of the penis B. Leave the perineal area moist after cleaning it C. Replace the patient's foreskin over the glans (if the patient is uncircumcised) D. Wipe around the meatus and glans in a circular motion

B. Leave the perineal area moist after cleaning it Correct answer: B When indwelling catheter care for a male patient, you should dry the cleaned area, not leave it moist. You should always clean the catheter area before cleaning around the meatus, glans, and base of the penis (in a circular motion). If the patient is uncircumcised, then it is important to replace the patient's foreskin over the glans.

13. If you are asked to place a patient in the Sim's position, how will you place them? A. On his or her side with both arms positioned in front of the patient B. On his or her side with the patient's undermost arm positioned at his or her back C. On his or her back with the arms at his or her sides D. Sitting up leaning over his or her overbed table

B. On his or her side with the patient's undermost arm positioned at his or her back Correct answer: B The Sim's position is when a patient is positioned on their side with his or her undermost arm positioned at his or her back. The lateral position is when a patient is on their side with both arms positioned in front of him or her. The supine position is when a patient is on their back with the arms at his or her sides. The orthopneic position is when a patient is sitting up leaning over his or her overbed table.

86. When taking a patient's blood pressure, where should you place the bell of the stethoscope diaphragm? A. Over the cystic artery B. Over the brachial artery C. Over the femoral artery D. Over the fibular artery

B. Over the brachial artery Correct answer: B When taking a patient's blood pressure, you should place the bell of the stethoscope over the brachial artery. When doing this, you should use your non-dominant hand and avoid touching the bell of the stethoscope to the patient's clothing or the blood pressure cuff. If the dial is located on the blood pressure cuff, you will need to position the dial so that you can easily see it.

49. You are visiting Mr. Jones as he eats his lunch. While chewing a bite of his food, you notice that he grabs his throat and begins choking. As a nursing assistant, what is the first thing you should do? A. Apply Mr. Jones' oxygen mask B. Perform the Heimlich maneuver C. Call Mr. Jones' nurse for help D. Perform rescue breathing

B. Perform the Heimlich maneuver Correct answer: B When a patient is choking, time is of the essence; therefore, the first thing you should do is perform the Heimlich maneuver. If you are performing the Heimlich maneuver and the patient stops breathing, you should then call for help and start performing rescue breathing until help arrives. If the patient is in need of oxygen, the nurse will have to administer it, as oxygen is a drug and a licensed nurse must administer it.

72. While performing your duties as a nursing assistant you experience a coworker giving you a hard time. Which of the following approaches to the issue should you take? A. Openly discuss the issue with the coworker B. Privately discuss the situation with your immediate supervisor C. Discuss the employee's actions with other coworkers D. Walk away from the situation without completing the task

B. Privately discuss the situation with your immediate supervisor Correct answer: B When a nursing assistant experiences or witnesses another coworker giving them or another individual a hard time, he or she should privately discuss the situation with their immediate supervisor. It is imperative that the nursing assistant always follows their employer's chain of command to report any issues. An employee should never discuss issues openly, in front of patients or others, nor should they walk away without completing their assigned duties as patient harm may occur.

32. Which of the following options BEST describes the role of a nursing assistant? A. Assessing and modifying the patient's nursing care B. Providing the patient with direct personal care C. Administering medications to the patient D. Planning the patient's meals

B. Providing the patient with direct personal care Correct answer: B The role of a nursing assistant is best described as "providing the patient with direct personal care." The nursing assistant has the most direct contact with a patient, as he or she is the one who performs the patient's personal care activities, observes the patient's vital signs, and communicates with the patient and his or her visitors. It is the role of the RN to assess and modify the patient's nursing care needs and the LPN is responsible for administering medications to the patient. A dietician should be the one who plans the patient's meals.

47. You are asked to take a urine specimen from a patient's indwelling catheter. What should you do immediately before you expel the urine sample into the sterile container? A. Clamp the catheter B. Remove the clamp C. Place the lid on the sterile container D. Label the sterile container

B. Remove the clamp Correct answer: B Immediately before you expel the urine sample into the sterile container, you must remove the clamp that you had previously placed on the catheter. You would not place the lid on the sterile container, or label it, until the urine sample was placed inside. You also need to remember to include the sample amount taken when recording the patient's total urine output.

67. When applying a mitt restraint on a patient, you should ensure: A. That the patient's fingers are not free to move B. That the patient can slightly flex his or her fingers C. That the patient's fingers are completely restrained D. That the patient's arm is free to move

B. That the patient can slightly flex his or her fingers Correct answer: B When applying a mitt restraint on a patient, you should ensure that the patient is able to slightly flex his or her fingers. You should also ensure that the patient is able to move his or her fingers, but you do not want the patient to be able to freely move his or her arm. It is important to check with your facility's policy for guidelines on when the mitt restraint can be removed.

68. You are assigned a hemiplegia patient. Which of the following options BEST describes what the patient's medical condition is? A. The patient has been diagnosed with a blood condition B. The patient's entire right side of his or her body is paralyzed C. The patient has blood clots in his or her lower extremities D. The patient's lower half of his or her body is paralyzed

B. The patient's entire right side of his or her body is paralyzed Correct answer: B A hemiplegia patient is one whose body is paralyzed on the right or left side. A paraplegia patient is one whose lower half of his or her body is paralyzed. A quadriplegia patient is one whose limbs (both arms and legs) are paralyzed. Thrombosis is the medical term used to describe a patient who has blood clots in his or her lower extremities.

62. Which of the following options is NOT when you would use a gait belt on a patient? A. When you are moving a patient from a chair to a bed B. When you are moving a patient from the supine position to the Sim's position C. When you are moving a patient from a bed to a wheelchair D. When you are moving a patient from a bed to a stretcher

B. When you are moving a patient from the supine position to the Sim's position Correct answer: B A gait belt is usually used when you are "transferring" a patient; therefore, you would not need a gait belt to reposition a patient in his or her bed. Another instance when you would use a gait belt is when you are assisting a patient to walk. A gait belt is a device that helps prevent the patient from falling.

61. Which of the following statements BEST describes abduction? A. When you move the extremity towards the body B. When you move the extremity away from the body C. When you bend the extremity D. When you extend the extremity

B. When you move the extremity away from the body Correct answer: B Abduction is a range of motion exercise that consists of moving the extremity away from the body. Adduction is when you move the extremity towards the body. Flexion is when you bend the extremity and extension is when you extend the extremity.

58. Due to ethnic, racial, and cultural factors, which of the following groups is LESS likely to be diagnosed with diabetes? A. Hispanics B. White Americans C. Native Americans D. African Americans

B. White Americans Correct answer: B White Americans are less likely to be diagnosed with diabetes. This is caused by the chronic illness risk factors that affect particular groups of people, and not others. It is also known that North Americans are more affected by obesity, than any other country. The accessibility to health care, along with one's economic status and cultural or religious beliefs are also factors that affect a particular group's health.

70. One of your assigned patients is in need of an IV in order to receive his or her nutrients. Which of the following actions are you NOT certified to do? A. Be careful not to interrupt the IV flow B. Avoid kinking the IV tubing C. Adjust the patient's IV therapy D. Evade pulling the IV catheter

C. Adjust the patient's IV therapy Correct answer: C As a nursing assistant, you are not licensed to start, adjust, or stop an IV therapy. A licensed nurse must perform this duty. As a nursing assistant, your responsibility is to be careful not to interrupt the IV flow, avoid kinking the IV tubing, and evade pulling the IV catheter. It is also imperative that you never place the IV solution below the IV site, as it will interrupt its flow.

23. Which of the following options BEST defines hazardous waste? A. Waste matter that has been contaminated with blood B. Waste matter that has been contaminated with chemical agents C. All waste matter that has the potential to cause infection D. Only waste matter that is identified as hazardous material

C. All waste matter that has the potential to cause infection Correct answer: C Hazardous waste is best defined as all waste matter that has the potential to cause infection. Blood, along with any other body fluids, is considered a hazardous waste. It is imperative that all contaminated materials are placed in a marked biohazard container.

60. An immobile patient is susceptible to all of the following alterations EXCEPT: A. Respiratory infections B. Blood clots C. An increased appetite D. Bedsores

C. An increased appetite Correct answer: C An immobile patient is susceptible to all of the following alterations except an increased appetite. An immobile patient is more susceptible to a decreased appetite, which could lead to anorexia. In addition to the listed alterations, an immobile patient is also susceptible to atrophy and osteopenia.

3. Which of the following options is NOT considered verbal communication? A. Speaking clearly B. Asking open-ended questions C. Avoiding eye contact D. Clarifying what you heard

C. Avoiding eye contact Correct answer: C Verbal communication is communication that requires you to speak. Speaking clearly, asking open-end questions, and clarifying what you heard are all types of communication that require you to speak; therefore, they are all forms of verbal communication. Avoiding eye contact is a form of communication; however, it is a form of nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is communication that is performed through one's body language, such as crossing your arms, rolling your eyes, or smiling.

21. Which of the following options is NOT considered nonverbal communication? A. Smiling at the patient's joke B. Rolling your eyes at the patient's inabilities C. Congratulating a patient on their success D. Giving a patient a hug

C. Congratulating a patient on their success Correct answer: C Nonverbal communication is communication that is performed through one's body language, such as smiling, rolling your eyes, or giving a hug. Verbal communication is communication that requires you to speak. When you congratulate someone, you are speaking the words of congratulations; therefore, you are verbally communicating.

22. In order for a nursing assistant to be considered a team player, what MUST they be willing to accept? A. Harassment B. Hazardous duties C. Constructive criticism D. Verbal abuse

C. Constructive criticism Correct answer: C To be a team player, a nursing assistant must be willing to accept constructive criticism. It is vital that a nursing assistant listens to their supervisor's feedback in a non-defensive manner, as constructive criticism is given in order to improve the nursing assistance's performance and his or her job satisfaction. If a nursing assistant feels that he or she is confronted with situations that compromise their own values or wellbeing, he or she should always consult their supervisor.

45. Which of the following items is NOT information that is recorded on the facility form after taking a patient's radial or apical pulse? A. Rate B. Strength C. Depth D. Rhythm

C. Depth Correct answer: C After taking a patient's radial or apical pulse, you must record the patient's pulse rate, strength, and rhythm on the facility form. After measuring a patient's respirations, you must record the patient's respiratory effort, depth, and rate on the facility form. After measuring a patient's blood pressure, you must record the measurement on the facility form.

50. A resident with heart disease may experience health issues with atherosclerosis. Which of the following options BEST defines atherosclerosis? A. Narrowed arteries B. Pain that occurs in the chest C. Fats and calcium that accumulate inside the artery's lining D. A heart attack

C. Fats and calcium that accumulate inside the artery's lining Correct answer: C Atherosclerosis is best defined as the fats and calcium that accumulate inside the artery's lining, and is also known as plaque. Arteriosclerotic is the medical term used to describe narrowed arteries. Angina is the medical term used to describe chest pain. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the medical term used to describe a heart attack.

78. In order to protect the patient and yourself, you should always use proper body mechanics when you are doing all of the following EXCEPT: A. Lifting patients B. Transferring patients C. Feeding patients D. Ambulating patients

C. Feeding patients Correct answer: C The process of feeding patients does not usually require the use of proper body mechanics; however, when you are lifting, transferring, or ambulating patients, they are essential to your protection and the patients. When you are assisting a patient with one of these actions, you need to be sure that you inform the patient of what your intentions are and that you ask the patient for his or her help. This will reduce the stress on both you and the patient.

38. Which of the following terminology definitions is FALSE? A. Delirious is when an individual is in a state of confusion B. Tachycardia is when an individual has an increased pulse C. Hypertension is when an individual has low blood pressure D. Void is when an individual urinates

C. Hypertension is when an individual has low blood pressure Correct answer: C Hypertension is not when an individual has low blood pressure, it is when an individual has high blood pressure. Hypotension is when an individual has low blood pressure. All of the other terminology definitions are correct.

74. The nurse exposed the patient's genitals while she changed the bandage on his lower left thigh. Which of the following options BEST identifies this action? A. Negligence B. Battery C. Invasion of privacy D. Assault

C. Invasion of privacy Correct answer: C Invasion of privacy occurs when the nurse fails to keep the patient's matters confidential, or exposes the patient's body while performing care. In this question, the patient's private parts are unnecessarily exposed during treatment. Negligence is an act that results in patient harm due to the nurse omitting care to the patient or incorrectly providing care to the patient. Battery is when a patient is subjected to unlawful personal violence. Assault is the impermissible touching or threat of touching a patient.

69. Which of the following options BEST identifies what a nursing assistant should do after feeding a dysphagic patient? A. Give the patient a bath B. Swab out the patient's mouth and position the patient on his or her infected side C. Keep the patient upright for at least 30 minutes D. Position the patient on his or her back and check his or her injuries

C. Keep the patient upright for at least 30 minutes Correct answer: C A dysphagic patient is one who experiences trouble with swallowing. Therefore, you should keep the patient upright for at least 30 minutes after he or she eats in order to prevent him or her from choking. You should also be sure to provide the dysphagic patient plenty of time between bites of food and make certain that the food has been swallowed before giving him or her another bite.

84. When you remove the soap from your hands during the hand washing process, you should always: A. Use cold water B. Use a linen towel C. Keep your fingers lower than your wrist D. Use your left hand to turn off the water

C. Keep your fingers lower than your wrist Correct answer: C You should always keep your fingers lower than your wrist when you are removing the soap from your hands during the hand washing process. You should use a paper towel to dry your hands, not a linen towel. You should also use that paper towel to turn off the warm water, not your left hand.

36. Needles are often used in the health care of patients. If you should find a needle when changing a patient's bed sheets, what should you do with it? A. Place it on the patient's bedside table B. Place it with the patient's other medications C. Place it in the sharps container D. Place it in the closest trash can

C. Place it in the sharps container Correct answer: C A needle, or any other sharp object, should always be placed in the sharps container. By placing the needle in the sharps container, you are ensuring that an accidental needle stick will not occur. If a needle was placed in a trashcan, individuals who handle the trash have the potential to be punctured by it. Patients should not have access to needles or other sharp objects.

37. Which of the following options is NOT acceptable when changing a patient's linens? A. Folding the contaminated side of the linen inwards B. Placing the contaminated linens inside of a plastic bag C. Placing the linens on the floor while changing them D. Changing the contaminated linens immediately

C. Placing the linens on the floor while changing them Correct answer: C It is not acceptable to place linens on the floor while changing them. In order to control infection, a patient's linens should never touch the floor. If clean linens should touch the floor, they should not be used until they are cleaned again. When changing a patient's contaminated linens, you should fold the contaminated side inward, place them in a plastic bag, and take them to the facility's designated area.

82. Which of the following statements is TRUE in regards to a patient asking you to pray with him or her? A. It is mandatory that you pray with patients to make them feel more comfortable B. It is never permitted to partake in religious beliefs with your patients C. Praying with patients is acceptable, but it is not mandatory D. You are permitted to sit with a patient while they pray, but you should not partake in the prayer

C. Praying with patients is acceptable, but it is not mandatory Correct answer: C It is acceptable for you to pray with your patients; however, you are not required to do so. It is imperative that you always handle your patients' religious object with care and with respect. You should also assist the patient in being able to practice his or her own religion.

26. Which of the following approaches should be taken with your patients? A. Criticism B. Discouraging C. Prevention D. Apathy

C. Prevention Correct answer: C You should take the preventative approach with your patients. You should help your patients by preventing them from being harmed or becoming weaker or immobile. You should not criticize, discourage, or show indifference with your patients, as these actions do not promote health and well-being.

8. Which of the following options identify the two general goals of skin care when bathing a patient? A. Maintain appearance and promote sleep B. Remove body sweat and reduce oiliness C. Promote comfort and remove pathogens D. Improve circulation and inspect skin

C. Promote comfort and remove pathogens Correct answer: C The two general goals of skin care when bathing a patient are to promote comfort and remove pathogens. The skin produces less oil as we age; therefore, bathing is not done to help reduce a patient's oiliness. However, bathing does help maintain the patient's appearance, remove body sweat, and improve circulation. Bathing a resident also gives the nursing assistant an opportunity to inspect the patient's skin.

34. Which of the following team members is responsible for working with the patient's therapist and dietician to ensure that the patient is receiving the proper care? A. Nursing Assistant B. Licensed Practical Nurse C. Registered Nurse D. Unlicensed Assistive Personnel

C. Registered Nurse Correct answer: C The registered nurse (RN) is responsible for working with the patient's therapist and dietician to ensure that the patient is receiving the proper care. The RN is the team member who is responsible for carrying out the physician's medical plan for the patient, as well as the patient's nursing care plan. The RN may also be responsible for the supervision of other RNs, along with the LPNs and CNAs.

44. Which of the following options identifies the appropriate method for securing a urinary drainage bag? A. Secure the drainage bag to the bed's side rail B. Secure the drainage bag to the patient's IV stand C. Secure the drainage bag to the bed frame D. Secure the drainage bag to the patient's overbed table

C. Secure the drainage bag to the bed frame Correct answer: C The appropriate method for securing a urinary drainage bag is to secure it to the patient's bed frame. You should always avoid securing a urinary drainage bag to a movable object (i.e. side rail, IV stand, or overbed table).

1. The nurse's son called and asked her to bring home a package of bandages, so the nurse grabbed a package from the facility's stockroom to take home. Which of the following options BEST identifies this action? A. Negligence B. False imprisonment C. Theft D. Aiding and abetting

C. Theft Correct answer: C Theft is a legal and ethical issue that involves taking an item that belongs to someone else. In this question, the nurse took a package of bandages that belong to the facility; therefore, she was taking something that did not belong to her. Negligence is an act that results in patient harm due to the nurse omitting care to the patient or incorrectly providing care to the patient. False imprisonment is when a patient is restrained from moving freely about against his or her wishes. Aiding and abetting is when a nurse sees an unlawful act and does nothing about it.

76. Which of the following options is the correct sequence for donning the required personal protective equipment for isolation procedures? A. Wash hands; put on gloves; put on disposable gown; put on goggles; put on mask B. Wash hands; put on mask; put on goggles; put on disposable gown; put on gloves C. Wash hands; put on disposable gown; put on mask; put on goggles; put on gloves D. Wash hands; put on gloves; put on mask; put on goggles; put on disposable gown

C. Wash hands; put on disposable gown; put on mask; put on goggles; put on gloves Correct answer: C The correct sequence for donning the required personal protective equipment for isolation procedures is: wash hands; put on disposable gown; put on mask; put on goggles; and put on gloves. The correct sequence for removing the required personal protective equipment for isolation procedures is: remove gloves; remove goggles; remove disposable gown; remove mask; and wash hands. The guidelines for donning and removing personal protective equipment are enforced to reduce the spread of disease.

4. When a facility decides to transfer or to discharge a patient, how much time MUST the facility provide to the resident or resident's representative before they may do so? A. Within 7 days B. Within 14 days C. Within 30 days D. Within 60 days

C. Within 30 days Correct answer: C When a facility decides to transfer or to discharge a patient, it must notify the resident or the resident's representative within 30 days of the planned change. This rule is enforced by the "Resident's Bill of Rights" that was issued after the American Hospital Association issued "A Patient's Bill of Rights" in 1973. The act states that a facility may only transfer or discharge a patient for medical reasons, for their wellbeing or the wellbeing of other patients, or for insufficient payment (excluding Medicaid patients).

80. Which of the following statements is the correct process for using sphygmomanometers, tympanic thermometers, and stethoscopes? A. You should always follow the facility's guidelines B. You should always follow the guidelines you were taught in school C. You should always use the manufacturer's guidelines D. You should always ask your supervising nurse for assistance

C. You should always use the manufacturer's guidelines Correct answer: C When it comes to the correct process for using tympanic thermometers, sphygmomanometers, and stethoscopes, you should always follow the manufacturer's guidelines. By following the manufacturer's guidelines, it helps to ensure that you are accurately measuring the patient's vital signs. If you are ever unsure of a vital sign reading, you should repeat the process to ensure accuracy.

19. When it comes to communicating with patients who are hearing impaired, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. You should place yourself to the patient's side B. You should speak slowly, in a high tone C. You should speak short, clear statements D. You should increase the background noise

C. You should speak short, clear statements Correct answer: C When communicating with a hearing impaired patient, you should speak short, clear statements. You should also place yourself directly in front of the patient, slowly speak in a low tone, and decrease the background noise. When working with hearing-impaired patients, it is important to remember that you need to slow your speech, and try to limit things that confuse them, such as hollow sounds and echoes.

24. If a patient is in tears, his or her pain level is at a: A. 0 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5

D. 5 Correct answer: D If a patient is in tears, his or her pain level is at a "5". Nursing assistants use a pain rating scale from 0-5 to rate a patient's pain level. If a patient has a pain level of "0", they are not in pain. If a patient has a pain level of "5", they are in enough pain to cry.

7. Which of the following options BEST describes MRSA? A. A viral skin condition that infects the patient's nerve path B. A skin rash caused by an infestation of tiny mites C. A bacterial infection that causes the skin to blister and seep D. A life threatening skin disease that spreads through the blood stream

D. A life threatening skin disease that spreads through the blood stream Correct answer: D MRSA is best described as a life threatening skin disease that spreads through the blood stream. MRSA is a communicable disease that if left untreated it could affect the nursing facility's entire population. Scabies is a skin rash that is caused by an infestation of tiny mites. Shingles is a viral skin condition that infects the patient's nerve path.

71. Which of the following approaches to work would NOT work for a nursing assistant? A. A team approach B. An enthusiastic approach C. A communicative approach D. An isolated approach

D. An isolated approach Correct answer: D An isolated approach to work would not work for a nursing assistant. A nursing assistant's responsibilities include assisting, lifting, and moving a patient and a single individual should not perform this, as it could cause harm to the patient and to the nursing assistant. A team approach would not only be safer for the nurse, it would also make the patient feel more comfortable and safer.

35. Which of the following options is the MOST effective safeguard used to manage infections in patients and workforce? A. Immunizations B. TB screenings C. Isolation D. Hand washing

D. Hand washing Correct answer: D Hand washing is the most effective safeguard used to manage infections in patients and the workforce. A nursing assistant, along with the entire workforce, should wash their hands when they appear physically dirty, or when they become contaminated with body fluids or blood. In order to properly wash your hands, you should scrub them for 30 seconds using hot water and soap.

2. Which of the following personal qualities is a nursing assistant demonstrating when he or she accepts his or her own limitations? A. Caring B. Dependability C. Accountability D. Honesty

D. Honesty Correct answer: D Honesty is the personal quality in which the nursing assistant demonstrates his or her acceptance of his or her own limitations, along with understanding the job's duties and holding oneself accountable for what he or she does. Caring is the act of having an earnest concern for the patients' safety and wellbeing and having the willingness to care for and about the patients. Dependability is your employer's ability to count you to show up for work and to care for your patients. Accountability is your ability to perform the job duties for which you have been trained and to bring up any concerns privately with your immediate supervisor.

28. When providing oral care to a resident, how should you position the patient? A. In the supine position B. In the Sim's position C. In the orthopneic position D. In the Fowler's position

D. In the Fowler's position Correct answer: D When providing oral care to a resident, you should position the resident in the Fowler's position, which you would do by raising the head of the bed. By raising the head of the patient's bed, you are positioning them in an upright position, which will help prevent them from choking during the oral care. You would not want the patient on their back, side, or hunched over, as it would not only make providing the oral care difficult for you, but it could cause the patient to choke.

46. Which of the following locations is the appropriate location to store a patient's bedpan? A. On the patient's overbed table B. Under the patient's bed on the floor C. On top of the patient's bedside table D. In the bottom drawer of the patient's bedside table

D. In the bottom drawer of the patient's bedside table Correct answer: D You should store the patient's bedpan in the bottom drawer of his or her bedside table. You should never place the bedpan on the floor, as it will contaminate the bedpan. You should not place the bedpan on the patient's overbed table or bedside table, as the bedpan will contaminate the tables.

18. One of your patients is blind and it is your responsibility to assist with feeding her lunch. While feeding the patient you should do all of the following EXCEPT: A. Inform the patient what she will be eating B. Conserve energy by pacing the patient's bites C. Provide liquids for the patient to sip D. Keep silent so the patient can enjoy her meal

D. Keep silent so the patient can enjoy her meal Correct answer: D When you are feeding a patient who is blind, you should not keep silent. You should socially interact with the patient during mealtime to increase patient satisfaction. You should also be sure to inform the patient as to what she will be eating, provide ample time between bites to conserve energy, and provide the patient with liquids to sip.

81. If one of your patients is from a non-western culture, he or she may believe that his or her illness is caused from: A. Germs B. Bacteria C. Cancers D. Magic

D. Magic Correct answer: D Patients who are from non-western cultures sometimes feel that illnesses are caused supernaturally, religiously, or magically. However, patients who are from western cultures feel that illnesses are caused from sources such as germs, viruses, cancers, bacteria, and body system malfunctions. In order to build a better relationship with your patients, it is important that you understand their background and beliefs.

27. Which of the following statements is TRUE in regards to providing perineal care to a female patient? A. Begin washing the genital area at the perineum B. Use a soap-free washcloth to wash the genital area C. Wash the genital area from back to front D. Rinse the genital area with a fresh washcloth

D. Rinse the genital area with a fresh washcloth Correct answer: D You should use a clean, fresh washcloth to rinse the genital area. Your washcloth should be soapy, not soap-free. You should wash the genital area from front to back, not back to front. You should begin washing the genital area at the urinary meatus, not the perineum.

20. A patient who is dysphasic is one who has trouble: A. Breathing B. Thinking C. Walking D. Speaking

D. Speaking Correct answer: D A patient who is dysphasic is one who has trouble speaking. A patient can become dysphasic due to several reasons, including: stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Remember, it is important that although the patient may be hard to understand, he or she can understand you, as their condition does not affect their intelligence. Therefore, it is important to always be respectful, compassionate, and patient.

5. An elderly patient who has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease may be affected by all of the following EXCEPT: A. The ability to stand B. The ability to stoop C. The ability to walk D. The ability to learn new skills

D. The ability to learn new skills Correct answer: D Parkinson's disease may cause patients to have chronic conditions, which include muscle tremors or arthritis that may affect their ability to walk, stand, or stoop. Patients who have difficulty walking or standing are more apt to fall, which could lead to injuries that will require hospitalization. However, Parkinson's disease will not affect an elderly patient's ability to learn, nor does the aging process.

40. If a patient wakes up confused, or delirious, this is a sign that indicates: A. The patient is in a great deal of pain B. The patient is receiving too much sleep during the day C. The patient's sugar levels are not in line D. The patient is not getting enough oxygen to the brain

D. The patient is not getting enough oxygen to the brain Correct answer: D If a patient wakes up confused, or delirious, this is a sign that indicates the patient is not getting enough oxygen to the brain. When the patient's brain does not receive enough oxygen, the patient becomes confused. As a nursing assistant, it is your job to report any changes in the patient's consciousness.

53. Which of the following options BEST describes why isolation procedures are implemented? A. To observe patients B. To provide patients with exercise C. To transfer patients D. To control infection

D. To control infection Correct answer: D Isolation procedures are implemented in order to control infection. Other items that help the spread of infection are proper hand washing, proper handling of contaminated items, and the instant reporting of potential environmental issues. It is the responsibility of the nursing assistant, along with other staff members, to adhere to the facility's standard of care.

55. Which of the following chronic diseases is NOT responsible for affecting the thinking and reasoning processes of elders? A. Alzheimer's disease B. Stroke C. Arteriosclerosis D. Tuberculosis

D. Tuberculosis Correct answer: D Tuberculosis is not a chronic disease that is responsible for affecting the thinking and reasoning processes of elders. Tuberculosis is a communicable disease (a contagious disease), not a chronic disease (only affects one person). Tuberculosis is a bacterium that affects a person's lungs and immunity system, but it is not known for affecting one's thinking and reasoning processes. A stroke, arteriosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease are all chronic diseases that have the potential to affect one's thinking and reasoning processes.

65. Which of the following options is FALSE in regards to feeding a patient? A. Allow the patient time to swallow before offering another bite B. Record the amount of food that the patient consumed using a percentage C. Feed the patient while they are in a sitting position D. Use a fork to feed the patient

D. Use a fork to feed the patient Correct answer: D You should use a spoon to feed a patient, not a fork. You should always place a patient in a sitting position to feed them and allow the patient time to swallow their food before offering another bite. You will record the patient's intake of food on the Intake and Output form under "Intake" using a percentage.

12. When you are recording your observations of a resident, it is important that you do NOT: A. Sign your name B. Scratch out mistakes C. Make corrections D. Use red ink

D. Use red ink Correct answer: D You should not use red ink when you are recording your observation of a resident. You are only permitted to use blue or black ink when recording patient information. It is mandatory that you sign your name and title to all entries that you make. It is okay to make mistakes when documenting; however, you should not scratch out the mistakes, nor should you erase them or use a liquid eraser.

64. How should you record a patient's output? A. Using cubic meters and liters B. Using millimeters and centimeters C. Using grams and kilograms D. Using cubic centimeters or milliliters

D. Using cubic centimeters or milliliters Correct answer: D When recording a patient's output, you should use cubic centimeters or milliliters, based on the facility's policy. You will measure the patient's output by pouring the contents of the bedpan into a graduate. Then using blue or black ink, you will record the total amount of urine measured on the Intake & Output form under the "Output" column.

30. Which of the options below is NOT care that you would provide a patient who has dementia? A. Keep the patient's room uncluttered B. Avoid disagreements with the patient C. Reassure suspicious patients D. Vary the patient's routines

D. Vary the patient's routines Correct answer: D A patient with dementia is one who experiences memory loss, confusion, and the ability to perform tasks; therefore, you would not want to vary a patient's routines, as this will add to their confusion. Proper care of dementia patients does include keeping the patient's room uncluttered, avoiding disagreements with the patient, and reassuring the patient if he or she becomes suspicious. It is also important to keep in mind that the patient's family members are also in need of your support, as they are also suffering from their loved one not being able to remember them or others.

87. When you are giving a resident a partial bedbath, what is the first thing that you should do? A. Use a soap-free washcloth to wash the resident's face B. Protect the bedding by positioning a towel under the patient C. Use a limited amount of soap to wash the patient's hands and arms D. Verify that the water is at a safe and comfortable temperature

D. Verify that the water is at a safe and comfortable temperature Correct answer: D The first thing that you should do, when giving a resident a partial bedbath, is verify that the water is at a safe and comfortable temperature. You should then drape the resident in order to expose only the portion of the body that is getting washed. Then you should start with a soap-free washcloth to wash the resident's face.

90. One of your terminally ill patients has just had her analgesics increased. Which of the following options BEST describes what you should do? A. Notify the patient's nurse immediately B. Check the patient's vitals every two hours C. Offer the patient additional food or fluids D. Watch the patient for a change in alertness

D. Watch the patient for a change in alertness Correct answer: D An analgesic is a strong pain medication, which can cause the patient to become confused or to experience constipation. Therefore, the best thing that you can do is watch the patient for a change in alertness, as this could be a sign of confusion. If the patient becomes confused, he or she is more apt to fall. If you should notice a change in the patient's alertness, or if the patient is experiencing constipation, you should then alert the patient's nurse.

11. You are asked to take the patient's radial pulse, where on the patient's body would you perform this task? A. Neck B. Behind the ear C. Apex D. Wrist

D. Wrist Correct answer: D The radial pulse is felt on an individual's wrist. The apical pulse is listened to at the apex. If a patient has a heart disease, you should measure his or her radial pulse for a minimum of one minute. If you are measuring a patient's apical pulse, you should listen to the heartbeat for a minimum of one minute before recording the patient's pulse rate.