Practice quiz Unit 2 Endocrine System BIO 122

If the function of the anterior pituitary was impaired for any extensive period of time, which of the following would most likely occur as a result?

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) in the blood would decrease

A child is observed for a period of time. He is not growing in size; he is listless, apathetic, and depressed. Of the following choices, his condition would most likely be due to:

a stressful environment affecting the anterior pituitary

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

a) TSH.

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of

a) angiotensin.

Which of the following is NOT true of steroid hormones?

a) are produced by the adrenal medulla.

In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus,

a) blood glucose levels are very high. b) excessive thirst is shown. c) glucose is present in the urine in large amounts. d) a large excretion of urine occurs.

Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?

a) catecholamines b) peptide hormones c) eicosanoids

Peptide hormones are

a) composed of amino acids.

The pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)

a) contain endocrine cells.

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by

a) decreased resistance to disease and infection.

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ.

a) endocrine

The group of hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

a) gonadotropins.

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered ___________ when released into the bloodstream, but _______________________ when released at synapses.

a) hormones; neurotransmitters

Inadequate iodine in the diet may lead to

a) hypothyroidism. b) cretinism. c) goiter. d) high blood levels of TSH.

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?

a) increased oxygen consumption b) increased heart rate c) increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation d) increased body temperature

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include

a) peptides. b) steroids. c) eicosanoids. d) amino acid derivatives.

The term used to describe excess production of urine is

a) polyuria.

The hormone oxytocin

a) promotes uterine contractions. b) is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands. c) rises during sexual arousal.

Which of the following organs contain target cells for oxytocin?

a) prostate b) ductus deferens c) mammary glands d) uterus

Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect

a) quantities of enzymes. b) activities of enzymes. c) synthesis of enzymes. d) gating of ion channels.

The targets for insulin is/are

a) skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells. b) adipocytes. c) liver cells.

Proper growth requires which of the following hormones?

a) thyroid hormone b) calcitriol c) insulin d) growth hormone

Epinephrine is:

an example of a "first message" which activates adenyl cyclase to form cyclic AMP

Prostaglandins are NOT considered to be true hormones because they:

are produced and secreted by most tissues/organs and affect local tissue

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is

b) ACTH.

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called

b) antagonists.

The primary function of ADH is to

b) decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.

All of the following are results of thyroid hormones except

b) decreased heart rate and force of contraction.

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones

b) epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?

b) erythropoietin

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

b) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.

Each of the following is true of the pineal gland except that it

b) is a component of the hypothalamus.

Melatonin is produced by the

b) pineal gland.

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

b) resistance

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

b) thyroxine.

A malfunctioning posterior lobe of the pituitary would most directly affect the:

birth process

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

c) FSH.

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

c) aldosterone.

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of

c) aldosterone.

Steroid hormones

c) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein

c) calmodulin.

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in

c) diabetes mellitus.

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause

c) gigantism.

Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the

c) glucocorticoids.

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is

c) insulin.

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is

c) mobilization of energy reserves.

Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. Removal of which glands caused this response, and which hormone was deficient?

c) parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone

The consistent pattern of hormonal and physiological responses to stresses of different kinds called general adaptation syndrome has all the following phases except

c) restorative.

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the

c) second messenger is activated in the cytoplasm.

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

c) secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.

The testes produce

c) testosterone.

During an allergic response the doctor is most likely to administer which of the following hormones?

cortisol

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics which of the following hormones?

d) ADH

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

d) ADH.

The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones in

d) all layers of the cortex.

Hormones known as catecholamines are

d) amino acid derivatives.

The intracellular protein ________ binds calcium ions. This complex can then activate enzymes.

d) calmodulin

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the

d) cortex.

The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces

d) digestive enzymes.

The adrenal medulla produces

d) epinephrine.

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,

d) gene transcription is initiated.

Cushing's disease results from an excess of

d) glucocorticoids.

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

d) growth hormone

All target cells

d) have hormone receptors and respond to chemical signals.

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system would result in all of the following except

d) increased urine production.

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

d) low blood glucose

Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time.

d) several

Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called

d) somatomedins.

calcitonin

decrease in blood calcium level

insulin

decrease in blood sugar level

diabetes mellitus

decreased secretion of or cell sensitivity to insulin.

Insulin promotes the transformation of:

glucose --> glycogen

Which of the following hormones promotes amino acid transport into cells?

growth hormone

Cushing's Syndrome

hypersecretion of cortisol

cretinism

hyposecretion of thyroid hormone in childhood.

ADH

increase in amount of water in the body

parathyroid hormone

increase in blood calcium level

glucagon

increase in blood sugar level

A self-correcting system used in hormonal control is:

negative feedback

Which of the following does not exert control over endocrine glands?

parathyroid

The secretion of many hormones is mediated (regulated) directly or indirectly by the hypothalamus. An exception to this is secretion by the:

parathyroid gland

If the growth hormone secretion is deficient in a growing child:

the child would be a dwarf but have fairly normal body proportions

Hormones that control other endocrine glands are referred to as:

tropic hormones

The target tissue for a hormone is:

where a hormone has its effect

gigantism

Hypersecretion of growth hormone in a child.

acromegaly

Hypersecretion of growth hormone in an adult.

Various types of stress can be accompanied by:

-cortisol release from the adrenal cortex -epinephrine release from the adrenal medulla

dwarfism

Hyposecretion of growth hormone in a child.

In Type II diabetes, blood glucose levels are abnormally high due to decrease in receptor number even though more than normal amounts of insulin are secreted. This can be explained by the principle of:

down-regulation

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except

e) ACTH levels.

What pituitary hormone acts on the kidney to reduce water loss?

e) ADH.

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?

e) It releases secretions through gap junctions.

Which of these hormones regulates the sodium ion content of the body?

e) aldosterone.

If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?

e) both an increase of insulin and an increase of blood glucose

All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't

e) function independently of the endocrine system.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

e) growth hormone.

TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.

e) production and release

What hormone stimulates milk production by the mammary glands?

e) prolactin.

Which of the following hormones are secreted by glands other than the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

parathyroid hormone ADH thryoxin androgenic hormones

Chemically, different hormones are composed of:

polypeptides, peptides, steroids, and amino acids